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Application of modern methods of molecular genetics In practice
Get PDFIntroduction: The development of new methods of molecular genetics,
especially in the last two decades, has led to enormous progress in
the field of medicine and enabled more comprehensive prenatal and
postnatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases and other disorders, as well as
preimplantation testing.
Aim: The aim of the work is to present modern methods of molecular
genetics and their application in the diagnosis of hereditary diseases and
developmental disorders.
Methods: Having reviewed the relevant literature, insight was gained into
the current development of molecular genetic methods and their practical
application.
Results: Chromosome microarray is an analysis of all chromosomes in the
genome, which, thanks to microchip technology, enables the detection of
chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications, as well as changes in
the number of copies, in just one reaction. This method has found application
in all areas of clinical genetics, and especially in the detection of genomic
changes in patients with intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, autism
spectrum disorders and congenital anomalies. The gene microarray is also
based on microchip technology, and depending on the type of DNA chip used,
it is used to detect mutations and DNA variations at the level of the entire
genome or to study gene expression. The rapid development of biotechnology
and bioinformatics has enabled the simultaneous analysis of a large number
of genes through parallel (deep) sequencing, known as a new generation
of DNA sequencing methods. This technology detects already known gene
variants, new ones, as well as the presence of a predisposition. Today, in
clinical practice, differently designed gene panels are used for postnatal
diagnosis of monogenic and multifactorial diseases. Particularly noteworthy
are the “clinical exome” panels with over 6,000 genes, the whole exome
(about 22,000 genes) or the whole genome.Conclusion: Modern times have marked the development and improvement
of molecular genetics methods for quick and more accurate diagnosis
of hereditary diseases and developmental disorders, which gives a new
perspective on the possibilities of prenatal, postnatal and preimplantation
genetic testing
Voice quality in children with specific language Impairment
Get PDFUvod: Specifični jezički poremećaj (SJP) karakteriše kašnjenje ili atipičan obrazac
u razvoju ekspresivnih i/ili receptivnih jezičkih sposobnosti uz odsustvo opšteg
kognitivnog deficita, autizma, slušnih oštećenja, socijalnih i emocionalnih
poremećaja i teške sredinske deprivacije.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje karakteristika kvaliteta glasa i analiza
učestalosti nepravilnosti u perceptivnim karakteristikama glasa kod dece sa
specifičnim jezičkim poremećajem. Dodatni cilj podrazumevao je utvrđivanje
polnih razlika u kvalitetu glasa kod ove dece.
Metode: Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 30 dece sa specifičnim jezičkim poremećajem,
uzrasta od tri do devet godina (AS=6,40; SD=1,714), od kojih je 20 dečaka
i 10 devojčica. Za procenu kvaliteta glasa korišćena je GRBAS skala.
Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da 36,7% ispitanika ima promuklost i
šumnost u glasu, dok je napetost u glasu registrovana kod 46,7% ispitanika.
Hrapavost glasa je najmanje zastupljena kod dece sa specifičnim jezičkim poremećajem
(30%), dok je najčešća karakteristika kvaliteta glasa bila slabost
u glasu (53,3%). Perceptivne promene glasa najčešće su okarakterisane kao
promene blagog stepena, potom slede umerene, a najmanje su zastupljene
izražene promene glasa. Postoje značajne razlike u stepenu promuklosti i hrapavosti
glasa u odnosu na pol u korist dečaka.
Zaključak: Iako su kod malog broja dece registrovane teškoće, one imaju značajne
naučne i praktične implikacije. Njihova važnost ogleda se u značaju perceptivne
procene glasa na ranom uzrastu od strane logopeda, koji poseduje
stručne kompetencije za prepoznavanje mogućih smetnji u glasu. Na taj način
ostvareni su svi uslovi za zdrav i kvalitetan glas kod dece.Introduction: Specific language impairment (SLI) is characterized by a delay or
abnormality in the development of expressive and/or receptive language skills in the absence
of general cognitive deficits, autism, hearing impairments, social and emotional disturbances,
and severe environmental deprivation.
Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the quality of voice and analysis of the
frequency of irregularities in the perceptual characteristics of voice in children with specific
language impairment. Also, the goal was to determine possible gender differences in the
voice quality of these children.
Methods: The sample included 30 children with specific language disorders, 3-9 years
of age (M=6.40; SD=1.714), of which 20 were boys and 10 were girls. The GRBAS scale was
used to assess voice quality.
Results: The results showed that 36.7% of respondents had hoarseness in their
voice, while tension in the voice was registered in 46.7% of respondents. Voice hoarseness
was the least represented in children with specific language disorders (30%), while the most
common voice pathology was voice weakness (53.3%). The most common perceptual voice
changes were mild, followed by moderate, and the least pronounced voice changes. There
were significant differences in the degree of hoarseness and roughness of voice in relation to
gender, more pronounced in boys.
Conclusion: Although difficulties were registered in a small number of children, they
have significant scientific and practical implications. Their importance is reflected in the
importance of perceptual assessment of voice in the early period by a vocal pathologist,
who has a trained sensibility for expert recognition of possible voice disturbances. In this
way, all possible conditions are met to preserve healthy and high-quality voice in children
Signed poetry
Get PDFUvod: Poezija je oduvek percipirana kao umetnost koja se stvara u pisanoj,
a izražava u vokalnoj formi putem recitovanja. Za mnoge kritičare i ljubitelje
poezije 19. veka ona predstavlja ritmičku i vibrantnu sintezu koja se ogleda
u izražajnom glasanju koje je oplemenjeno pokretima i facijalnom ekspresijom,
sadrži muzičke elemente u vidu različitih modusa metra, ritma i rime koji
je oplemenjuju, čine multidimenzionalnom, ekspresivnom i prefinjenom.
Generacije stručnjaka su smatrale da je stvaranje poezije dar ili talenat
koji nije dostupan gluvim i nagluvim osobama.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na istorijske i sociokulturne okvire, specifičnosti,
poteškoće i doprinos savremene tehnologije u izražavanju znakovne poezije
gluvih osoba.
Metode: Primenjene metode su uporedna analiza, evaluacija i sistem dedukcije
i indukcije u razmatranju dostupne literature.
Rezultati: Znakovna poezija je veoma dugo imala neformalni karakter i
izvodila se u zajednici gluvih na zabavama, skupovima i druženjima. Mnogi
naučnici, kritičari, nisu ni pomišljali da gluve osobe mogu stvarati poeziju, biti
pesnici. Međutim, Džon Karlin (John Carlin, 1813‒1891), iako kongenitalno
gluva osoba, bio je veoma talentovan pesnik, pisac i slikar. Njegovim savremenicima
je ta činjenica bila iznenađenje i izazivala je nevericu. Zahvaljujući njegovom
primeru, i oni i njihovi naslednici shvatili su da gluvoća ne ograničava
mogućnosti za bavljenje ovim vidom umetnosti. Znakovna poezija je vizuelna
umetnička forma koja postaje sve aktuelnija u zajednici gluvih i čujućih osoba.
Iako nije imala istu istoriju i institucionalnu podršku u različitim državama
sveta, znakovna poezija izaziva sve veće interesovanje, finansijsku podršku i
priznanje, pre svega zahvaljujući razvoju tehnologije. Zaključak: Savremeni svet predstavlja idealan okvir za razvoj i afirmaciju znakovne
poezije. Danas gluvi pesnici snimaju svoju znakovnu poeziju ili prevode
poeziju drugih autora na znakovni jezik, tako da su video snimci dostupni i
prilagođeni široj javnosti.Introduction: Poetry has always been perceived as an art that is created in writing
and expressed in vocal form through recitation. For many critics and lovers of 19th-century
poetry, it represents a rhythmic and vibrant synthesis that is reflected in the expressive voice
followed by movements and facial expression, contains musical elements in the form of
different modes of meter, rhythm, and rhyme that refine it and make it multidimensional,
expressive, and refined. Generations of experts have considered the creation of poetry to be
a gift or talent unavailable to the deaf and hard of hearing.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to point out the historical and sociocultural frameworks,
specificities, difficulties, and the contribution of modern technology in the expression of
signed poetry of deaf people.
Methods: The applied methods are comparative analysis, evaluation, and the system of
deduction and induction in considering the available literature.
Results: Signed poetry has had an informal character for a very long time and was
performed in the deaf community at parties, gatherings, and get- togethers. Many scientists
and critics did not even think that deaf people could create poetry or be poets. However, John
Carlin (1813-1891), although a congenitally deaf person, was a very talented poet, writer, and
painter. To his contemporaries, this fact was a surprise and caused disbelief. Thanks to his
example, both they and their successors realized that deafness does not limit the possibilities
for practicing this form of art. Signed poetry is a visual art form that is becoming more and
more relevant in the deaf and hearing community. Although it did not have the same history
and institutional support in different countries of the world, signed poetry is attracting
increasing interest, financial support, and recognition, primarily thanks to the development
of technology.
Conclusion: The modern world represents an ideal framework for the development and
affirmation of signed poetry. Today, deaf poets record their own signed poetry or translate
the poetry of other authors into sign language, so that the videos are available and adapted
to the general public
Kulturalne kompetencije u obrazovanju: rezultati samoprocene nastavnika srednje škole
Get PDFIntroduction: Cultural competencies, as a set of values, knowledge,
attitudes and skills needed for understanding and respecting culturally
different individuals, and establishing positive and constructive relations
with them, are considered an important aspect of the professional
development of teachers in the framework of intercultural education.
Aim: An insight into the level of cultural competencies of high school
teachers – in the domains of cultural awareness, knowledge and skills,
while looking at the influence of gender and age of respondents on the
results of self-assessment.
Method: The sample consisted of 254 teachers (78.7% female), aged 23
to 63 (M = 45.7; SD = 9.11), from eight Belgrade high schools. Data were
collected with the Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist, which
consists of 36 items on a four-point Likert-type scale (α = .95), grouped
into three subscales: cultural awareness (α = .77), cultural knowledge (α =
.91) and cultural skills (α = .92).
Results: High school teachers report a satisfactory level of cultural
competence (M = 3.13; SD = .47), whereby they have the most cultural
knowledge (M = 3.38; SD = .52), followed by cultural skills (M = 3.10; SD
= .59) and, finally, cultural awareness (M = 2.88; SD = .49). Younger and
female teachers estimate their own level of overall cultural competence
higher than older (r = 0.21, p < 0.01) and male teachers (t(214) = -2.26, p
< 0.05). The most significant differences, when it comes to the teacher’s
gender, are recorded at the level of cultural skills (t(240) = -3.24, p < 0.01),
while in relation to age, the differences are most pronounced in the
domain of cultural knowledge (r = 0.23, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Although teachers rate their cultural competence at a
relatively high level, there is room for improvement. It would be desirable
to implement professional development programs that, through the
strengthening of cultural awareness, knowledge and skills of teachers,
would contribute to democratic culture, intercultural education and
culturally competent practice in educational work.Uvod: Kulturalne kompetencije, kao skup vrednosti, znanja, stavova
i veština potrebnih za razumevanje i poštovanje kulturalno različitih
pojedinaca, te uspostavljanje pozitivnih i konstruktivnih odnosa sa
njima, smatraju se važnim aspektom profesionalnog razvoja nastavnika u
okvirima interkulturalnog obrazovanja.
Cilj: Uvid u nivo razvijenosti kulturalnih kompetencija nastavnika srednje
škole – u domenima kulturalne svesnosti, znanja i veština, uz sagledavanje
uticaja pola i starosti ispitanika na rezultate samoprocene.
Metode: Uzorak je činilo 254 nastavnika (78,7% ženskog pola), starosti od
23 do 63 godine (M = 45,7; SD = 9,11), iz osam beogradskih srednjih škola.
Podaci su prikupljeni Kontrolnom listom za samoprocenu kulturalne
kompetencije (Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist), koju čini
36 stavki na četvorostepenoj skali Likertovog tipa (α = .95), grupisanih u
tri podskale: kulturalna svesnost (α = .77), kulturalno znanje (α = .91) i
kulturalne veštine (α = .92).
Rezultati: Nastavnici srednje škole poseduju zadovoljavajući nivo
kulturalnih kompetencija (M = 3,13; SD = .47), pri čemu u najvećoj meri
raspolažu kulturalnim znanjem (M = 3,38; SD = .52), zatim kulturalnim
veštinama (M = 3,10; SD = .59) i, na kraju, kulturalnom svesnošću (M =
2,88; SD = .49). Mlađi i nastavnici ženskog pola procenjuju sopstveni nivo
ukupnih kulturalnih kompetencija višim u odnosu na starije (r = 0,21, p
< 0.01) i nastavnike muškog pola (t(214) = -2,26, p < 0,05). Najznačajnije
razlike, kada je u pitanju pol nastavnika, beleže se na nivou kulturalnih
veština (t(240) = -3,24, p < 0,01), dok su u odnosu na starost, razlike
najizraženije u domenu kulturalnog znanja (r = 0,23, p < 0,01).
Zaključak: Iako nastavnici svoje kulturalne kompetencije ocenjuju na
relativno visokom nivou, prostor za njihovo unapređivanje postoji.
Opravdano bi bilo implementirati programe stručnog usavršavanja
koji bi, kroz jačanje kulturalne svesnosti, znanja i veština nastavnika,
doprineli demokratskoj kulturi, interkulturalnom obrazovanju i kulturalno
kompetentnoj praksi u obrazovnom radu
Fenomenologija zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja dece sa smetnjama u razvoju
Get PDFNasilje nad decom predstavlja multifaktorski uslovljen fenomen, koji karakteriše
traumatska interakcija između deteta i roditelja/staratelja, ili nepoznatih osoba,
pri čemu određene karakteristike deteta (na primer, prisustvo razvojnih smetnji), mogu da
predstavljaju značajan faktor rizika. Procenjuje se da je rizik za viktimizaciju u populaciji
dece sa smetnjama u razvoju od 2 do 12 puta veći nego kod dece tipičnog razvoja, zbog
čega je predmet ovog rada fokusiran na kontekst zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja ove
populacije. Cilj je da se, analizom rezultata dostupnih istraživanja, istraži fenomenologija
zanemarivanja i zlostavljanja kod dece sa smetnjama u razvoju. Pored podataka o
učestalosti dat je i osvrt na prepreke u utvrđivanju tačne prevalencije viktimizacije u ovoj
populaciji. Fenomen je analiziran i iz ugla pojedinačnih smetnji, kao i težine simptoma.
Razmatrani su problemi identifikacije zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja dece sa izraženijim
kognitivnim i jezičkim ograničenjima i ukazano je na značaj sistemske podrške porodici,
koja bi trebalo da bude usmerena na podizanje roditeljskih kapaciteta.Violence against children includes various forms of physical, emotional and
sexual abuse. There are numerous factors that can increase the risk of abuse and
neglect, and the presence of developmental disabilities is one of them. Therefore,
this paper aims to explore the phenomenology of neglect and abuse in children
with developmental disabilities.
The results of most studies on child abuse and neglect indicate that children
with developmental disabilities are at greater risk for victimization than typically
developing children. Risk estimates vary, which is a consequence of methodological
differences and shortcomings in research designs. According to some findings,
the risk of victimization is as much as four times higher compared to children with
typical development, and it largely depends on the disability type. Among different
types of disabilities, difficulties in emotional, behavioural and intellectual functioning
and the presence of multiple disabilities bear the greatest risk for abuse and
neglect. The nature of the relationship between disability and violence against children
may also depend on the child’s functional level. Research findings indicate that
the risk of maltreatment increases with the severity of behavioural problems, deficits
in social skills and the presence of pronounced communication difficulties. For some
types of disability, the risk for maltreatment is inversely proportional to the level of disability, e.g. children with mild intellectual disability are more often victimized
than children with more pronounced difficulties in intellectual development.
Indicators of abuse and neglect can be physical or behavioural and are essentially
the same for children with developmental disabilities and typically developing
children. However, in children with intellectual disabilities and autism, some
maltreatment forms are more difficult to identify, and the possibilities of obtaining
a verbal statement are limited. Due to problems with abstract thinking, language
comprehension and limited vocabulary, these children cannot report adverse experiences
or adequately answer the questions being asked. In addition, certain behavioural
manifestations of maltreatment can be interpreted as part of the clinical features
of these two neurodevelopmental disorders or, on the contrary, certain phenotypic
characteristics can be mistakenly attributed to a traumatic experience.
The complexity of the victimization phenomenon of children with disabilities
implies the need for an interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive systemic solutions
in dealing with this problem. From the moment of developmental problems
detection, there is a noticeable lack of systemic family support, which should include
clear guidelines for exercising the right to health care and social protection, as well
as counselling on a child’s developmental possibilities, and application of principles
and strategies of behaviorally oriented interventions in child-rearing.
The author’s wish is to motivate experts in different fields to carry out a more
detailed analysis of the phenomenology of abuse and neglect in the population
with disabilities in our country, from which guidelines for preventive activities implementation
would arise
The necessity of application of control measurement in therapy of persons with brain injury
Get PDFUvod: Kontrolno merenje je uobičajeno u eksperimentalnim situacijama, dok se
u praksi često ne realizuje ili se obavi razgovor sa pacijentom. Očigledno je da
moramo da postavimo pitanja poput: da li je uopšte potrebno vršiti kontrolno
merenje, kada se ono vrši, kojim instrumentima i koliko kontrolnih merenja je
potrebno izvršiti? Ova pitanja duboko zadiru u doktrinu bilo koje nauke i prakse.
Cilj: U ovom radu razmatra se eventualna neophodnost primene kontrolnih
merenja sa teorijskog i praktičnog aspekta.
Metode: U radu smo se bavili terapijom kognitivnih i motoričkih funkcija kod
osoba sa povredom mozga, odnosno fenomenima pamćenja, pažnje, orijentacije
i praksičkim funkcijama. Uzorak je činilo 15 muških i ženskih ispitanika
starosti
od
15
do
20
godina.
Kognitivne
i
praksičke
funkcije
ispitivali
smo
subtestovima
The
Mental
Status
in
Neurology
(Stub,
Block,
1983)
i
Cognitive
Asseasment
Abillity
(Adamovich,
Henderson,
Auerbach,
1985).
Izbor
subtestova
je
u
ovom
slučaju
bio
orijentisan
ka
stečenim
znanjima,
iskustvima,
poluapstraktnom
i
apstraktnom
mišljenju.
Nakon
eksperimentalnog
tretmana
koji
je
trajao
četiri
nedelje,
izvršili
smo
kontrolno
merenje.
Rezultati:
Dobijeni
rezultati
pokazuju
opravdanost
primene
kontrolnog
merenja
kod
testiranih
ispitanika.
Oni
ukazuju
na
značaj
kontrolnog
merenja,
koji
se
ogleda u mogućnost evidentiranja napretka tretiranih pacijenta u ispitivanim
domenima. Kontrolnim merenjem, dakle, možemo utvrditi napredak ili zastoj u oporavku pojedinih delova ispitivanih i tretiranih funkcija. Rezultati istraživanja
nedvosmisleno
ukazuju
na
statistički
značajnu
razliku
(od
p<0,5
do
p<0,1)
između
prvog i
drugog
merenja u
ispitivanim
funkcijama.
Zaključak:
Na
osnovu
dobijenih
rezultata
možemo
zaključiti
da
je
kontrolno
merenje
neophodan
pristup
u
potvrdi
značaja
primene
aktuelnih
terapijskih
postupaka,
njihovoj
modifikaciji i
doziranju.Introduction: Control measurement is common in experimental situations, while in
practice, it is often overlooked or just reduced to a conversation with the patient. It is obvious
that we have to ask questions such as: is it necessary to perform a control measurement at all,
when is it performed, with which instruments and how many control measurements should be
performed? These questions go deep into the doctrine of any science and practice.
Aim: In this paper, the eventual necessity of performing control measurements is
considered from the theoretical and practical aspects. Methods: In this work, we dealt with the therapy of cognitive and motor functions,
that is, the phenomena of memory, attention, orientation, and practical functions. The
sample consisted of 15 male and female respondents aged 15 to 20 years. We examined their
cognitive and practical functioning using subtests from The Mental Status in Neurology (Stub,
Block, 1983) and Cognitive Assessment Ability (Adamovich, Henderson, Auerbach, 1985). The
choice of subtests was oriented towards acquired knowledge, experiences, semi-abstract
and abstract thinking from the patient’s immediate environment. Upon application of the
experimental model, which lasted four weeks, we performed a control measurement.
Results: The obtained results show the justification of the application of the control
measurement in the tested subjects. The results indicate the importance of control
measurement, which is reflected in the possibility of recording the progress of treated patients
in the examined domains. By control measurement, therefore, we can determine progress or
stagnation in the recovery of certain parts of the tested and treated functions. The research
results unequivocally indicate a statistically significant difference (p<0.5 to p<0.1) between
the first and second measurements in the examined functions.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that control measurement
is a necessary approach in confirming the correctness of using current therapeutic procedures,
their modification, and dosage
The concept of a criminal career: a review of key research study
Get PDFKriminalna karijera opisuje dugoročne obrasce kriminalne aktivnosti duž celokupnog životnog toka prestupnika. Odlikuje je početak, perzistencija, eskalacija i okončanje. Poznavanje kontinuuma kriminalne karijere i njenih dimenzija direkno je u funkciji razumevanja razvoja kriminalnog
ponašanja, ali i planiranja tretmana hroničnih prestupnika. Istraživanja kriminalne karijere nastoje da daju odgovore na pitanja inicijacije (kada i zašto pojedinci počinju da vrše krivična dela), perzistencije (zašto i kako nastavljaju da vrše krivična dela), eskalacije (zašto i kada kriminalno ponašanje postaje frekventnije, ozbiljnije ili specijalizovanije) i terminacije kriminalne karijere
(zašto i kada se prestaje sa vršenjem krivičnih dela). Paralelno sa istraživanjima, u okviru paradigme kriminalne karijere modifikovani su postojeći i razvijani novi teorijski modeli kako bi se nalazi o dugoročnom kriminalnom ponašanju prestupnika bolje razumeli. Stoga je cilj ovog rada da, kroz prikaz ključnih istraživanja kriminalne karijere i relevantnih teorijskih modela, ukaže na značaj izučavanja kriminalnog ponašanja tokom celokupnog životnog toka prestupnika.A criminal career describes long-term patterns of criminal activity throughout an offenders’ life course. It is characterized by onset, persistence, escalation, and termination. Knowledge of the continuum of a criminal career and its dimensions if of immediate importance for understanding the
development of criminal behavior, as well as for planning treatment for chronic offenders. Studies of criminal careers attempt to answer the questions of initiation (when and why individuals begin to commit crimes), persistence (why and how they continue to commit crimes), escalation (why and when criminal behavior becomes more frequent, serious, or specialized), and termination of
criminal careers (why and when they stop committing criminal acts). In parallel with research, the criminal career paradigm has modified existing theoretical models and developed new theoretical models to better understand the evidence on offenders’ long-term criminal behavior. Thus, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of studying criminal behavior throughout the
life course of offenders by presenting the main research findings on criminal careers and the relevant theoretical models
Prejudices and stereotypes about sexuality and their impact on the occurrence of sexual violence
No full textПредмет рада су предрасуде и стереотипи о сексуалности и њихов утицај на
појаву сексуалног насиља, како виктимизације, тако и вршења истог. Теоријски део рада
пружа преглед дефиниција основних појмова у различитим теоријским оквирима, преглед
ранијих истраживања на глобалном и локалном нивоу о распрострањености, последицама и
разлозима непријављивања сексуалног насиља, као и истраживања о повезаности
предрасуда и стереотипа са појавом сексуалног насиља. Емпиријски део рада обухвата
теоријски и практични циљ, хипотезе, узорак, инструменте и начин прикупљања података.
Теоријски циљ истраживања огледа се у испитивању на који начин широко распрострањена
и укорењена веровања о мушкој и женској сексуалности утичу на појаву сексуалног насиља,
док је практични циљ у коришћењу добијених података за подизање и ширење свести о
озбиљности проблема насиља и адекватном личном и друштвеном одговору на појаву
насиља. Узорак, пригодног типа, обухвата 207 испитаника, старости од 19 до 29 година
(AS=23.24; SD=2.165), студентске популације. Комплексност појма сексуалности огледа се
у неконзистентности ранијих истртаживачких радова, те је циљ био да се обухвати што
већи спектар предрасуда и стереотипа везаних за традиционалне родне улоге, знања о
сексуалном насиљу и сексуалном понашању и сексуалну објективизацију, и на основу тога је
за потребе истраживања конструисан нови инструмент. Резултати дискриминационе
анализе показали су да је прихватање предрасуда и стереотипа статистички значајан
предиктор виктимизације сексуалним насиљем, при чему су предрасдуе и стереотипи о
сексуалном насиљу најснажнији предиктор (.932, p<.01). Такође, као најснажнији
предиктор вршења сексуалног насиља показала се сексуална објективизација (.811, p<.05).The subject of the paper is prejudices and stereotypes about sexuality and their influence
on the occurrence of sexual violence, both victimization and perpetration. The theoretical part of
the paper provides an overview of the definitions of basic terms in different theoretical frameworks,
an overview of earlier research at the global and local level on the prevalence, consequences and
reasons for not reporting sexual violence, as well as research on the connection of prejudices and
stereotypes with the occurrence of sexual violence. The empirical part of the paper includes the
theoretical and practical goal, hypotheses, sample, instruments and method of data collection.The
theoretical goal of the research is to examine how widespread and rooted beliefs about male and
female sexuality affect the occurrence of sexual violence, while the practical goal is to use the
obtained data to raise and spread awareness of the seriousness of the problem of violence and an
adequate personal and social response to the occurrence of violence. The convenience sample
includes 207 respondents, aged 19 to 29 (AS=23.24; SD=2.165), of student population. The
complexity of the concept of sexuality is reflected in the inconsistency of earlier research works,
and the goal was to include the widest possible range of prejudices and stereotypes related to
traditional gender roles, knowledge about sexual violence and sexual behavior and sexual
objectification, and based on this, a new instrument was constructed for research purposes. The
results of the discriminant analysis showed that acceptance of prejudices and stereotypes is a
statistically significant predictor of victimization by sexual violence, with prejudices and
stereotypes about sexual violence being the strongest predictor (.932, p<.01). Also, sexual
objectification proved to be the strongest predictor of sexual violence perpetration (.811, p<.05)
The Problem of Peer Violence Among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students
No full textThe work was created with the desire to point out the problem of peer violence among deaf and hard of hearing students. Due to their specific characteristics created under the influence of hearing impairment, deaf and hard of hearing students are exposed to a greater risk of peer violence compared to their hearing peers. The aim of the paper is to analyze the available literature from years 2002-2022 and determine whether deaf and hard-of-hearing students are exposed to peer violence and what its nature is. The following search engines were used to search the literature: Ebscohost, ScienceDirect,, KoBSON, Google Scholar. The results of the literature review show that deaf and hard of hearing students are exposed to peer violence and that the frequency of peer violence is higher among deaf and hard of hearing students compared to their hearing peers. Deaf and hard of hearing students are more often exposed to traditional forms of violence than to cyberbullyng. Research also shows that the frequency of peer violence is higher in special than in regular schools. As due to the nature of their communication and social functioning, deaf and hard of hearing students are actually not always able to recognize and report peer violence, the question arises of the actual level of frequency of peer violence among these students. The problem of peer violence among deaf and hard of hearing students indicates the need to develop programs for the prevention and stopping peer violence that will be adapted to deaf and hard of hearing students
Pristupačnost društvenih mreža za osobe sa oštećenjem vida
No full textRast društvenih mreža u protekloj deceniji je doveo do toga da one postanu način komunikacije, od suštinskog su značaja za kontakt sa prijateljima i porodicom, za obavljanje poslova, ali i za obrazovanje i zabavu. Prednosti koje društvene mreže donose svim ovim aspektima života su velike. Razumevanje načina na koje mladi sa oštećenjem vida koriste digitalne tehnologije, ali i svrhe i motiva za njihovu upotrebu važno je za olakšavanje njihovog svakodnevnog života.
Međutim, slepe i slabovide osobe se najčešće suočavaju sa nedostatkom pristupačnosti, nepostojećom podrškom i neodgovarajućim funkcijama društvenih mreža. Iako su evidentna nastojanja različitih kompanija, počevši od proizvođača asistivne tehnologije, preko inženjera koji rade na razvoju softverskih rešenja, razičitih platformi i aplikacija, da poštujući opšta načela protiv diskriminacije obezbede veći nivo pristupačnost digitalnim medijima i sadržajima na njima, situacija je nepovoljna. Radi uvida u stanje kod nas sprovedeno je mini istraživanje sa ciljem proučavanja svrhe, načina i učestalosti pristupa društvenim mrežama od strane ove populacije. U tu svrhu ispitane su četiri odrasle slepe osobe posebno konstruisanim upitnikom. Utvrđeno je da osobe sa oštećenjem vida koriste društvene mreže u znatno manjoj meri nego ostali korisnici.
U cilju poboljšanja iskustva osoba sa oštećenjem vida prilikom korišćenja društvenih mreža, tehnološke kompanije i platforme društvenih mreža treba da usmere pažnju na dizajn i implementaciju pristupačnosti, kako bi osigurale da i one imaju jednake mogućnosti kao i njihovi vršnjaci tipičnog razvoja.The growth of social networks in the past decade has led to them becoming a means of communication, essential for staying in touch with friends and family, conducting business, as well as for education and entertainment. The benefits that social networks bring to all these aspects of life are substantial. Understanding how young people with visual impairments use digital technologies, as well as the purposes and motivations for their use, is crucial for facilitating their daily lives.
However, blind and visually impaired individuals often face a lack of accessibility, inadequate support, and inappropriate features in social networks. Despite evident efforts by various companies, including assistive technology manufacturers and software developers, across different platforms and applications, to adhere to general principles against discrimination and provide a higher level of accessibility to digital media and content, the situation is unfavorable. To gain insight into the situation locally, a mini research study was conducted to examine the purpose, methods, and frequency of social network access by this population. Four adult blind individuals were surveyed using a specially designed questionnaire. It was found that people with visual impairments use social networks to a significantly lesser extent than other users.
To enhance the experience of individuals with visual impairments when using social networks, technology companies and social network platforms should focus on the design and implementation of accessibility to ensure that they have equal opportunities as their typically developing peers