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Mental health problems in persons with intellectual disability
Get PDFPojavnost poremećaja mentalnog zdravlja predstavlja veliki izazov za javnozdravstvenu zaštitu.
Približno 40% osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću ima neki od problema mentalnog zdravlja koji se
može dijagnostikovati. Cilj rada je da pregledom dostupne literature prouči faktore povećane
vulnerabilnosti, barijere i preventivnu politiku u okviru mentalnog zdravlja kod osoba sa
intelektualnom ometenošću. Sistematičan pregled literature temelji se na pretraživanju dostupnih
naučnih recenziranih radova. Za ovu pretragu korišćen je servis Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za
objedinjenu nabavku – KoBSON (baza podataka MEDLINE) i izdvojeni su radovi pisani na
engleskom jeziku. Faktori koji dovode osobe sa intelektualnom ometenošću do povećane
vulnerabilnosti za probleme mentalnog zdravlja veoma su složeni, mogu biti povezani i uzajamno
delujući, stvarajući višestruke puteve osetljivosti. U radu se navode brojne barijere koje ugrožavaju
kvalitetno dobijanje pomoći u okviru zaštite mentalnog zdravlja ovih osoba. Kada je u pitanju
preventivna politika ključno je poboljšati saradnju primarne zdravstvene zaštite i specijalista, kao i
usmeriti specifične intervencije zasnovane na dokazima na rizične faktore koji se javljaju u populaciji
osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Izrađeni planovi i programi prevencije treba da omogućuje
direktan uticaj na rizične faktore.The occurrence of mental health disorders represents a major challenge for public health protection.
Approximately 40% of persons with an intellectual disability have a diagnosable mental health
problem. The aim of the paper is to, by reviewing available literature, study the factors of increased
vulnerability, barriers and preventive policy within the mental health of persons with intellectual
disability. A systematic literature review is based on a search of available peer-reviewed scientific
papers. For this search, the service of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition –
KoBSON (MEDLINE database) was used, and papers written in English were selected. The factors
that lead persons with intellectual disability to increased vulnerability to mental health problems are
very complex, may be related and mutually acting, creating multiple pathways of susceptibility. In the
paper, a number of barriers that threaten getting quality help in the field of mental health care of these
persons, are mentioned. When it comes to preventive policy, it is crucial to improve cooperation
between primary health care and specialists, as well as to direct specific evidence-based interventions
to risk factors that occur in the population of persons with intellectual disability. Prepared prevention
plans and programs should enable direct influence on risk factors
Relationship between homocysteine levels, vitamin D and cognitive function in persons with intellectual disability
No full textObjectives
The aim of the article is to determine the relationship between homocysteine in the plasma, vitamin D (VitD) in the serum and cognitive abilities in persons with mild intellectual disability (ID) in different age groups.
Methods
In a cross-sectional, observational study including younger and older participants with mild ID, a cognitive assessment was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and blood samples were taken to assess plasma homocysteine and serum VitD levels.
Results
A total of 60 persons with mild ID were included in the study, of whom 30 were aged 9–16 and 30 were aged 35–62 years old. Increased plasma homocysteine values were detected in 85% of cases and reduced serum VitD levels in 90% of cases. Older participants had significantly higher homocysteine values than younger ones (t(58) = −4.19; p = 0.00; d = 1.082), while younger participants had significantly more pronounced VitD deficiency than older ones (t(58) = −3.91; p = 0.00; d = 1.011). A significant correlation between cognition and VitD values was found in older participants (r = −0.424, p = 0.020).
Conclusions
A substantial proportion of individuals with ID, both children and adults, have increased total homocysteine (tHcy) plasma levels and insufficient VitD serum, but the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined. Homocysteine and VitD have not been found to have a protective effect on cognition among persons with mild ID
Production of clitics in people with broca's aphasia: preliminary insights
No full textIntroduction: Broca's aphasia is a non-fluent type of aphasia, which is primarily manifested in
agrammatism. The patients usually produce short sentences in which function words and
morphemes are often omitted.
Aim: The objective of the research is to examine the production of clitics in people with Broca's
aphasia and to compare them with neurologically healthy subjects without a language disorder.
Method: The sample included 13 patients with Broca's post-stroke aphasia, who had relatively
good auditory comprehension ability. The diagnosis of aphasia was based on the Boston
Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. The control group comprised 13 neurologically healthy subjects
with no presence of disorders in their language development. The groups were equivalent in level
of education. The patients' mother tongue was Serbian. The new Serbian Clitic Production Test
(SCPT) was used. The descriptive (Frequency, Percentage, Mean, SD, Min, Max) and inferential
(Mann-Whitney U-test) statistics were used in data processing.
Results and discussion: We found statistically significant differences between people with Broca's
aphasia and neurotypical subjects on the SCPT (U = 1.500, z = -4.982, p = 0.000). The results
showed that people with Broca's aphasia achieve low scores on the SCPT, regardless of age, years
of education and time post onset. Errors in production of clitics in people with Broca's aphasia are
manifested in the omission of clitics and/or production of inadequate clitics.
Conclusion: Preliminary results show that the SCPT has the potential to detect clitics production
deficits in patients with Broca's aphasia
Тype of accommodation and education of parents as factors in the professional development of deaf and hard of hard of students
No full textПрофесионални развој глуве и наглуве деце се, као и њихов општи
развој, одвија у околностима ограничења или потпуне немогућности
слушања. Последично, однос глувих и наглувих ученика са својом непосредном
околином
се
може
значајно
разликовати
од
односа
какав
имају
деца
која
могу
да
чују.
Циљ:
Тип
смештаја у
којем
бораве
током
школске
године,
као и
образовање
родитеља
се
намећу
као
неки
од
спољашњих
фактора
које
је
потребно
испитати у
контексту
професионалног
развоја
глувих и
наглувих
ученика.
Методе:
Професионална зрелост, професионална
неодлучност
и
професионални
идентитет
представљају
конструкте
професионалног
развоја
који
су
коришћењем
релевантних
инструмената
проучавани у
оквиру
овог
истраживања,
на
узорку
од
97
глувих и
наглувих
ученика
основношколског и
средњошколског
узраста.
Резултати:
Резултати
истраживања
указују
да
тип
смештаја
током
школске
године и
образовање
родитеља
немају
утицај
на
конструкте
професионалног
развоја
глувих и
наглувих
ученика.
Закључак:
Домови
ученика представљају подједнако повољну средину за професионални развој
ученика
као и
породични
домови,
док
образовање
родитеља
ученика
није
од
значаја
за
њихов
професионални
развој.The professional development of deaf and hard-of-hearing
children, as well as their general development, takes place in circumstances
of limited or complete inability to hear. Consequently, the relationship of
deaf and hard-of-hearing students with their immediate environment can
be significantly different from that of hearing children. Goal: The type of
accommodation they stay in during the school year, as well as the parents’
education, are imposed as some of the external factors that need to be
examined in the context of the professional development of deaf and hard
of hearing students. Method: Professional maturity, professional indecision
and professional identity represent the constructs of professional development
that were studied within this research, on a sample of 97 deaf and hard of
hearing students of primary and secondary school age. Results: The results of the research indicate that the type of accommodation during the school
year and the education of the parents have no influence on the constructs of
professional development of deaf and hard of hearing students. Conclusion:
The student dormitory represents an equally favorable environment for the
professional development of students as do family homes, while the education
of the students’ parents is not important for their professional development
Promoting self-determination in the education of students with intellectual disabilities as a predictor of their social inclusion – attitudes and experiences of special education teachers
No full textЦиљ овог истраживања је био утврђивање ставова и искуства дефектолога у односу на промоцију самоодређења у образовању ученика са
интелектуалном ометеношћу. Узорак истраживања је обухватио 30
дефектолога који раде у основним и средњим школама за ученике са
сметњама у развоју. Подаци су прикупљени применом модификованог
Упитника за процену промоције самоодређења у високом образовању.
Резултати: већина дефектолога има добро теоријско знање о концепту самоодређења и као најзначајније вештине за своје ученике истичу
самозаступање и решавање проблема. Упркос томе, половина испитаника не примењује ни један модел подучавања вештинама самоодређења у
својој пракси, а као баријере се наводе недостатак компетенција и став
да су друге области знања ученицима са интелектуалном ометеношћу
потребније.The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and experiences of
special education teachers in relation to the promotion of self-determination
in the education of students with intellectual disabilities. The research sample
comprised 30 special education teachers working in primary and secondary
schools for students with developmental disabilities. The data were collected
using the modified Survey of Promoting Self-Determination in Higher Education.
Results: Most special education teachers have a good theoretical knowledge of
the concept of self-determination and emphasise self-advocacy and problem
solving as the most important skills for their students. Nevertheless, half of
the respondents do not use a model for teaching self-determination skills in
their practise. The lack of competencies and the attitude that students with
intellectual disabilities need other areas of knowledge are cited as obstacles
Stress in parents of children with some neurodevelopmental disorders – a narrative review
No full textRoditelji dece sa neurorazvojnim poremećajima doživljavaju više nivoe
stresa u poređenju sa roditeljima dece neurotipičnog razvoja. Dve najfekventnije kliničke slike u okviru neurorazvojnih poremećaja – intelektualna
ometenost i poremećaj iz spektra autizma za roditelje nose brojne izazove.
Roditelji, u slučaju prisustva ovih poremećaja, predstavljaju glavni sistem
pružanja podrške i kontinuirane nege, a takve situacije predstavljaju izvorište mogućeg kontinuiranog stresa. Cilj ovog rada je da pruži narativni
pregled istraživanja i merenja stresa kod roditelja dece s intelektualnom
ometenošću i autizmom. Za realizaciju cilja korišćena je metoda narativnog pregleda, a literatura je pronađena pretraživanjem elektronskih baza
podataka, dostupnih preko Konzorcijuma biblioteke Srbije za objedinjenu
nabavku i preko baze Google Scholar. Izdvojena su istraživanja objavljena
u poslednih pet godina. Kod roditelja dece s intelektualnom ometenošću naj-
češće se registruje niži nivo stresa. Viši nivo roditeljskog stresa u snažnoj je
korelaciji sa ponašanjem deteta s intelektualnom ometenošću koje roditelji
karakterišu kao izazovno. Viši nivoi roditeljskog stresa povezani su sa većom
ozbiljnošću simptoma autizma, nižim kvalitetom adaptivnih veština i većim
prisustvom problema u ponašanju kod deteta s poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Upravljanje stresom roditelja dece s neurorazvojnim poremećajima zasniva se na individualizovanom i multidisciplinarnom pristupu, kao i osmišljenoj intervenciji fokusiranoj na porodicu.Parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders experience higher
levels of stress compared to parents of children with neurotypical development.
Te two most frequent clinical pictures within neurodevelopmental disorders -
intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, pose numerous challenges
for parents. Parents, in the presence of these disorders, represent the main
system of providing support and continuous care, and such situations represent
the source of possible continuous stress. Te aim of this paper is to provide a
narrative review of research and measurement of stress in parents of children
with intellectual disability and autism. To achieve the goal, the method of
narrative review was used, and the literature was found by searching electronic
databases, available through Te Consortium of Libraries of Serbia for Unifed
Procurement and through the Google Scholar database. Research published
in the last fve years has been singled out. A lower level of stress is most ofen
registered among parents of children with intellectual disability. A higher level
of parental stress is strongly correlated with the behavior of a child with an
intellectual disability, which the parents characterize as challenging. Higher
levels of parental stress are associated with greater severity of autism symptoms,
lower quality of adaptive skills, and greater presence of behavioral problems
in a child with autism spectrum disorder. Stress management of parents of
children with neurodevelopmental disorders is based on an individualized and
multidisciplinary approach, as well as a designed intervention focused on the
family
Contribution of the concept of criminal career to the policy of institutional punishment
No full textIntroduction: The criminal career paradigm, which became accepted in criminology in the mid-1980s, significantly improved knowledge about the patterns of criminal activities of individual delinquents and opened up a number of questions about crime control strategies, especially institutional punishment of offenders. Objective: The objective of this paper is to indicate, through a systematic review of literature, the importance of empirical findings on criminal careers for the policy of institutional punishment of offenders. Methods: Search of electronic databases within the service of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition (KOBSON) with key words and combinations thereof: criminal career paradigm, policy issues, crime control strategies, incapacitation, incarceration, law. Results: Data on the individual frequency and duration of a criminal career proved to be the most important parameters that need to be taken into account when deciding about the institutional punishment of offenders and the length of the prison sentence. Conclusion: Prison sentences for active offenders while taking into account the assessment of the frequency and duration of their criminal career can maximize the effects of institutional punishment of delinquents
Kvalitet života u zatvorima u Srbiji: norma, praksa i mere unapređenja
No full textU prvoj celini ove knjige je dat teorijski okvir vezan za koncept
kvaliteta zatvorskog života i socijalne klime u zatvoru, kao i pregled
rezultata dosadašnjih istraživanja kvaliteta života u zatvorima. Potom sledi analiza pravnog okvira, međunarodnog i nacionalnog, kojim se
postavljaju norme i standardi značajni za sagledavanje kvaliteta
zatvorskog života. Uz to, opisan je institucionalni okvir izvršenja kazne
lišenja slobode u Srbiji. Nakon toga sledi opis metodologije empirijskog
istraživanja sprovedenog u pet kazneno-popravnih zavoda u Srbiji i
ključni nalazi istraživanja o kvalitetu zatvorskog života osuđenih
muškaraca i žena u Srbiji
