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Self-efficacy and job satisfaction of teachers in schools for students with disabilities
Get PDFIntroduction. Self-efficacy significantly affects teaching outcomes and professional life of teachers. Although there are numerous research studies on self-efficacy and job satisfaction of teachers, studies that deal with teachers in special education are scarce. Objectives. The research had the following two goals: first, to determine the differences in self-efficacy and job satisfaction between teachers in secondary schools for students with disabilities and teachers in secondary vocational schools, and second, to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction in these two groups of teachers. Methods. The sample consisted of 96 teachers in schools for students with disabilities and 372 teachers in vocational schools. Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale, Short form (OSTES) and Teaching Satisfaction Scale (TSS) were used. Results. Teachers in schools for students with disabilities differed significantly in the level of self-efficacy and job satisfaction compared to teachers in vocational schools. In both groups of teachers, there was a significant positive relation between self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Conclusion. The results of this research suggest that teachers with a higher level of self-efficiency are generally more satisfied with their job. This finding may have significant implications for teacher professional development. The determined differences between the two groups of teachers justify the need for an in-depth study of the relation between self-efficiacy and job satisfaction.Uvod: Samoefkasnost značajno utiče na ishode podučavanja i profesionalni život nastavnika. Iako znatan broj istraživanja povezuje samoefkasnost i zadovoljstvo poslom nastavnika, retke su studije koje se bave nastavnicima u specijalnoj edukaciji. Ciljevi: Istraživanje je imalo sledeća dva cilja: prvi, utvrditi razlike u samoefkasnosti i zadovoljstvu poslom između nastavnika u srednjim školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju i nastavnika u srednjim stručnim školama i drugi, ispitati povezanost samoefkasnosti i zadovoljstva poslom kod ove dve grupe nastavnika. Metode: Uzorak je činilo 96 nastavnika u školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju i 372 nastavnika u stručnim školama. Korišćene su Skala efkasnosti nastavnika države Ohajo - kratka forma (OSTES) i Skala zadovoljstva poslom nastavnika (TSS). Rezultati: Nastavnici u školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju značajno se razlikuju po nivou samoefkasnosti i zadovoljstva poslom u odnosu na nastavnike u stručnim školama. Kod obe grupe nastavnika postoji značajna pozitivna veza između samoefkasnosti i zadovoljstva poslom. Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja sugerišu da su nastavnici sa višim nivoom samoefkasnosti generalno zadovoljniji svojim poslom. Ovaj nalaz može imati značajne implikacije za stručno usavršavanje nastavnika. Otkrivene razlike između dve grupe nastavnika opravdavaju dublje proučavanje veze između samoefkasnosti i zadovoljstva poslom
Use of augmentative and alternative communication methods in persons with locked-in syndrome
Get PDFLocked-in syndrome is condition similar to pseudocoma and is characterized by quadriplegia, preserved consciousness, anarthria, and relatively preserved ability to understand speech. People with locked-in syndrome constitute a group of patients with the greatest damage to the nervous and motor system and the least capability to achieve verbal communication. For this reason, the application of augmentative and alternative communication is the only choice for establishing, developing and maintaining the communication skills of these individuals. The aim of this paper is, based on a review of contemporary literature as well as previous research, to present methods for establishing communication with people with locked-in syndrome that applied since the time the syndrome was discovered until today. In this review we used the services of Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition - KoBSON, as well as Google Scholar Advanced Search. In order to establish and develop communication of persons with locked-in syndrome various unaided and aided options of communication, as well as low tech and high tech assistive devices are used. As expected, previous research has highlighted the importance of using unaided communication methods and low technology devices in people with locked-in syndrome, as well as hightech devices with speech output. In recent research, special emphasis has been placed on methods that register and interpret biochemical changes in the brain. These methods are very important, and sometimes they are the only choice for people with a total form of locked-in syndrome, with whom not even eye movements are possible.Locked-in sindrom predstavlja stanje poput komekoje uključuje kvadriplegiju, očuvanu svest, anartrijui relativno očuvanu sposobnost razumevanja govora. Osobe sa locked-in sindromom predstavljaju populaciju sa najvećim oštećenjem nervnog i motoričkog sistema i veoma malom mogućnošću za ostvarivanje komunikacije verbalnim putem. Iz tog razloga, primena augmentativne i alternativne komunikacije predstavlja jedini izbor za uspostavljanje, razvijanje i održavanje komunikacionih sposobnosti ovih osoba. Cilj ovog rada je da se, na osnovu pregleda savremene literature kao i ranijih istraživanja, prikažumetode za uspostavljanje komunikacije sa osobamasa locked-in sindromom koje su se primenjivale od perioda kada je sindrom otkriven, pa do danas. Pri ovom pregledu, korišćen je servis Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku - KoBSON, kao i Google Scholar Advanced Search. U cilju uspostavljanja i razvoja komunikacije osoba sa locked-in sindromom koriste se različiti nepotpomognuti i potpomognuti načini komuniciranja, kao i uređaji jednostavne i visoke asistivne tehnologije. Kao što je i očekivano, u ranijim istraživanjima ističe se značaj primene nepotpomognutih metoda komunikacije i uređaja jednostavne tehnologije kod osoba sa locked-in sindromom, kao i uređaja visoke tehnologije sa govornim autputom. U novijim istraživanjima poseban akcenat je stavljen na metode koje se zasnivaju na registrovanju i tumačenju biohemijskih promena u mozgu. Ove metode su veoma značajne, a nekada predstavljaju i jedini izbor za osobe sa totalnim oblikom locked-in sindroma, kod kojih nisu mogući čak ni pokreti očiju
The use of computers and the internet in teaching and learning at the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of research on the use of computers and the Internet in teaching and learning at the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation. The sample consisted of 198 students of different departments and levels of study. The aim of the research was to determine to what extent teachers and students use computers and the Internet in teaching and learning. Specific objective was to determine the differences in the use of computers and the Internet depending on the year of study. The results show that the highest percentage of respondents (98 %) use the computer, and all the respondents use the Internet. Computers and the Internet are used extensively for entertainment. There is a need for the faculty to make its information resources more available to students. There are differences in the way computers and the Internet are used, as well as the students' interaction with teachers and colleagues, depending on the year of study. It is recommended to direct students to a higher level of interaction and collaborative work in the performance of study tasks.U ovom radu predstavljeni su rezultati istraživanja primene računara i interneta u nastavi i učenju na Fakultetu za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 198 studenata svih smerova i nivoa studija. Opšti cilj istraživanja je da se ustanovi u kojoj meri nastavnici i studenti koriste računare i internet u nastavi i učenju. Poseban cilj je utvrđivanje razlika u korišćenju računara i interneta u odnosu na godinu studija. Rezultati su pokazali da najveći procenat ispitanika (98,5%) koristi računar, a da svi ispitanici koriste internet. Računari i internet se u velikoj meri koriste za zabavne sadržaje. Ukazano je na potrebu da fakultet u većoj meri stavi studentima na raspolaganje svoje informatičke resurse. Postoje razlike u načinu korišćenja računara i interneta, kao i u interakciji studenata sa nastavnicima i kolegama u zavisnosti od godine studija. Preporuka je da treba usmeravati studente na veći stepen uzajamne interakcije i saradnički rad u obavljanju nastavnih zadataka
Ironija, prevara i teorija uma kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću i dualnim dijagnozama
Get PDFBackground/Aim. The ability to comprehend and produce irony and deception is rarely explored in people with intellectual disability (ID) or dual diagnoses (DD). The ability to understand irony and deception appears to be related to many cognitive skills, but some authors point out that the theory of mind is one of the most important factors for this ability. This research was conducted to determine the linguistic aspects of production and comprehension of irony and deception in adults with ID and DD, as well as the relationship of these abilities with theory of mind. Methods. The sample consisted of 120 people with ID aged between 20 and 56. Half of the sample comprised people with DD. Four subscales from the Assessment Battery for Communication were used to assess the participants' abilities to produce and comprehend irony and deception. False-belief tasks from "appearance-reality" category were used in theory of mind assessment. The level of intellectual functioning was measured by the Raven's progressive matrices, while the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was used to assess speech comprehension ability. Results. The results show that participants with DD and ID comprehend and produce false statements better than ironic ones. Participants with ID were more successful in production than in comprehension tasks of both false and ironic statements, while the same was true for participants with DD only for ironic statements. Participants with ID were significantly more successful than participants with DD in irony comprehension tasks. In participants with ID, first-order theory of mind significantly correlated only with the ability to produce irony, and second-order theory of mind significantly correlated with producing irony and deception. There were no significant correlations between theory of mind and producing and comprehending irony and deception in participants with DD. Conclusion. Although differences in some aspects of assessed abilities were found between the two groups of participants, the similarities in the profile of these abilities were dominant. Results of variability can be explained by differences in speech comprehension ability more than by differences in nonverbal intellectual functioning or theory of mind acquisition. Future studies should assess the influence of other cognitive factors.Uvod/Cilj. Sposobnost razumevanja i produkcije ironije i prevare je retko izučavana u populaciji osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO) ili dualnim dijagnozama (DD). Sposobnost razumevanja ironije i prevare se dovodi u vezu sa mnogim kognitivnim veštinama, ali neki autori ističu da je upravo teorija uma jedan od najznačajnijih faktora za ovu sposobnost. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno radi utvrđivanja lingvističke sposobnosti razumevanja i produkcije ironije i prevare odraslih osoba sa IO i DD, kao i utvrđivanja odnosa između ovih sposobnosti i teorije uma. Metode. Uzorak je činilo 120 osoba sa IO starosne dobi između 20 i 56 godina. Polovinu uzorka činile su osobe sa DD. Za procenu ispitanikovih sposobnosti produkcije i razumevanja ironije i prevare korišćene su četiri supskale iz Baterije za procenu komunikacije. Za procenu teorije uma korišćeni su zadaci lažnog verovanja iz kategorije "izgled-realnost". Nivo intelektualnog funkcionisanja proveravan je Ravenovim progresivnim matricama, dok je sposobnost razumevanja govora procenjivana Peabody Picture Vocabulary testom. Rezultati. Rezultati pokazuju da ispitanici sa IO i DD bolje razumeju i produkuju lažne nego ironične iskaze. Ispitanici sa IO su uspešniji u zadacima produkovanja, nego u zadacima razumevanja, kako lažnih, tako i ironičnih iskaza, dok za ispitanike sa DD ovo važi samo za ironične tvrdnje. U zadacima razumevanja ironije, ispitanici sa IO su bili značajno uspešniji od ispitanika sa DD. Kod ispitanika sa IO teorija uma prvog reda ostvarila je značajne korelacije samo sa sposobnošću produkcije ironije, a teorija uma drugog reda sa produkcijom ironije i produkcijom prevare. U grupi ispitanika sa DD nisu ustanovljene značajne korelacije između teorije uma i produkcije i razumevanja ironije i prevare. Zaključak. Između dve grupe ispitanika pronađene su razlike u nekim aspektima ispitivanih sposobnosti, ali ipak dominiraju sličnosti u profilu ovih sposobosti. Varijabilnost rezultata više objašnjava razlike u sposobnosti razumevanja govora, nego razlike u neverbalnom intelektualnom funkcionisanju ili usvojenosti teorije uma. Narednim istraživanjima trebalo bi proveriti uticaj drugih kognitivnih faktora
Parenting influence on social competence in adolescents with and without intellectual disability
Get PDFBelsky's theory of differential susceptibility to environmental influences assumes that the very individuals who seem most susceptible to environmental adversity may also benefit most from developmentally supportive rearing. The aim of this study was to examine whether supportive parenting (with parental care) in contrast to unsupportive parenting (without parental care), has greater beneficial effects in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) than in typically developing (TD) adolescents. The sample included two groups of adolescents aged 12-18: the group of 210 adolescents without parental care (PC), 80 with ID (M-age = 15.59 years; SDage = 1.97; 54% boys), 130 TD adolescents (M-age = 15.03 years; SDage = 1.95; 52% boys) and the parallel group of 206 adolescents with PC, 76 with ID (M-age = 15.57 years; SDage = 1.93; 53% boys), 130 TD adolescents (M-age = 15.03 years; SDage = 1.95; 52% boys). Social competence was assessed using the Social Skills Rating System. Our assumption was confirmed with respect to self- control, cooperation and responsibility, adolescents with ID are more susceptible to influences of parenting status compared with TD adolescents. With respect to externalising problems, our assumption was not confirmed, possibly due to the less supportive parenting environment characterised by more parenting risk factors in families of adolescents with ID. The implications for prevention of externalising problems were discussed in relation to school and family context
Anxiety and depression in patients with vocal fold nodules, edema and polyps
No full textPurpose To compare the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety among patients with vocal fold (VF) nodules, polyps and edema. At the same time the aim was to analyse association between severity of distress and the level of vocal handicap as well as to identify other factors related to severity of depression and anxiety in these patients. Methods To all participants were given five questionnaires: (1) questionnaire on socio-demographic and some other characteristics of patient; (2) Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI); (3) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1 (State Anxiety); (4) STAI 2 (Trait Anxiety); and (5) Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10. Results A total of 205 patients were included in this study. Mild-to-severe depression, according to BDI was present in 79 (38.6%) patients. Mild-to-severe state anxiety and trait anxiety were present in 199 (97.1%) and 200 (97.6%) patients, respectively. Only 10 patients had VHI-10 score lt = 11. Multivariate analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the level of depression and anxiety between patients with VF nodules, polyps and edema. The VHI-10 score was significantly higher in patients with VF edema in comparison with VF nodule patients (p = 0.001), as well as in comparison with VF polyp patients (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study identified a high prevalence of psychological and vocal distress among patients with vocal disorders. Severity of depression and anxiety did not differ between patients with VF nodules, polyps and edema, and it was not related to the level of vocal handicap
Konstrukcija upitnika religijskog identiteta
Get PDFThis study presents a construction and psychometric evaluation of the Religious Identity Status Questionnaire-RISQ for the assessment of the religious identity status according to Marcia's Ego identity status approach. The initial item pool was generated based on Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Marcia's Ego identity status approach and interviews with adolescents and young adults. A factor analysis of the initial item pool was performed on data obtained from a sample of 394 secondary school and university students from Serbia to select items for the questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was examined on a sample of 1155 subjects. The results of the CFA suggest that subscales of the RISQ measure four factors corresponding to the identity statuses of Marcia's model. Correlations with ideological identity subscales of the EOM-EIS-2 suggest the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Configural measurement invariance was established for gender and denominational groups. Metric invariance was established for gender and among orthodox and catholic participants, whereas scalar invariance was established for gender, but not for denominational groups.Ova studija predstavlja konstrukciju i psihometrijsku evaluaciju Upitnika religijskog identiteta (eng. Religious Identity Status Questionnaire - RISQ) namenjenog proceni religijskog identiteta u kontekstu Marsijevog pristupa Ego identitetu. Inicijalni skup stavki je generisan na osnovu Eriksonove teorije psihosocijalnog razvoja, Marsijinog pristupa Ego identitetu i intervjua sa adolescentima i mladim odraslima. Na početnom skupu stavki, zadatom uzorku od 394 učenika srednje škole i studenata, primenjena je faktorska analiza u cilju izdvajanja ajtema za upitik. Validnost upitnika je proverena na uzorku od 1155 ispitanika. Rezultati konfirmativne faktorske analize ukazuju da subskale RISQ upitnika mere četiri faktora koji odgovaraju statusima Ego identiteta iz Marsijinog modela. Korelacije sa subskalama ideološkog identiteta EOM-EIS-2 upitnika ukazuju na konvergentnu validnost upitnika. Konfiguralna merna invarijantnost je potvrđena u odnosu na pol i verske grupe. Metrička invarijantnost je potvrđena u odnosu na pol i kod pravoslavnih i katoličkih učesnika istraživanja, dok je puna skalarna invarijantnost potvđena za pol, ali ne i za versku pripradnost
Primena VHI skale kod vokalnih profesionalaca
Get PDFВокални професионалци су део наше свакодневнице. Да ли слушамо музику, гледамо филм или слушамо неко од предавања стручњака на интернету, увек смо усмерени ка њима. Уз помоћ инструмента, које су Сотировић и сар. (2016), адаптирали на српски језик, ближе и јасније може разумемо потешкоће које вокални професионалци осећају. Инструмент омогућава холистички приступ вокалном професионалцу, састоји се из три супскале: физичке, функционале и емоционалне.
Циљ овог рада био је да прикаже потребе овог инстурмента у пракси како би сами вокални професионалци јасније уведели које сметење постоје у говорном и певаном гласу и како би сами стручњаци мотивисали пацијента да поради на препрекама које доводе до поремећаја гласа. На тај начин успевамо да третман учинимо квалитетним и да га прилагодимо самом пацијенту. Многа истраживања су доказала како је Индекс гласовног оштећења креиран за говорни глас, па за елитне вокалне професионалце као што су певачи може доћи до пропуста у сазнању битних информација о певаном гласу.
На основу ових резултата, креиран је и Индекс гласовних оштећења за певаче, сви ставови се односе на певани глас. Како дужина ових скала не би стваралa притисак вокалним професионалцима на негативан начин, Росен и сар. (2004) и Кохен и сар. (2009), креирали су краће скале за самопроцену. Индекс гласовног оштећења показао је значај у свим поменутим радовима у поређењу добијених резултата са контroлим групама.Voice professionals are the part of our everyday life. Whether do we listen to music, watch movies or listen a lecture from professional speaker on the internet. We are always in contact with them. With the help of the instrument, adapted and validated by Sotirović et al. (2016), we can now closer and cleary understand the struggles that voice professionals deal with. This instrument provide a holistic approach to voice proffesional, it consists of three subscales: functional, physical and emotional. The goal of this study is to show the need of this instrument in our practise, in order for voice professionals to insight their handicap in speech and singing voice, so the voice pathologist can motivate their patients to work on their obsticales which lead to voice disorder. In that way, voice pathologist can make the treatment better and more adaptive to every patient. Many of the research have shown that the Voice Handicap index is created for speaking voice, so it may couse a oversight for relevant informations of the singing voice for elite vocal proffesionals. Based on this results, Singing Voice Handicap index is created, and his items are all about singing voice. As the longitude of this scales don’t cause a presure on voice professionals in negative way, Rosen et al. (2004) and Cohen et al. (2009) created a short version of the original scales for self- assessment. Voice handicap index shown significance in all mention research in this work compared to control groups
Jezičke sposobnosti kod dece prvog razreda
Get PDFЦиљ овог истраживања је утврђивање нивоа развијености неких језичких способности код деце првог разреда. Испитивање је извршено на узорку од 64 деце. За процену говорно-језичких способности коришћени су: Глобални артикулациони тест, Тест гласовне анализе и синтезе речи, Семантички тест, Тест за испитивање усвојености предлога и Тест за испитивање усвојености прилога.
Резултати Глобалног артикулационог теста указују да 25% деце има неправилан изговор гласова, од чега ¾ чине дечаци. На Тесту гласовне анализе и синтезе речи деца су била успешнија при решавању краћих и једноставнијих задатака, али је већина деце успешно савладала све захтеве, при чему су девојчице оствариле боље резултате од дечака, али без утврђивања статистички значајних разлика (p>.05). На задацима Семантичког теста преко 60% деце остварило је резултате који су у оквиру узрасних норми или изнад узраста. Најбоље постигнуће остварено је у оквиру категорије антонима, а најлошије на задацима синонима. Дечаци су постигли незнатно боље резултате од девојчица. На Тестовима за испитивање усвојености предлога и прилога, девојчице су постигле незнатно боље резултате од дечака, али је већина деце (преко 80%) овладала граматичким категоријама предлога и прилога.The aim of this research is to determine the level of development of some language abilities in first grade children and to determine the existence of a gender difference. The examination was conducted on a sample of 64 children. Global Articulation Test, Phoneme Analysis and Word Synthesis Test, Semantic Test, Proposition Adoption Test and Adverb Adoption Test were applied to assess language skills.
The results of the Global Articulation Test indicate that 25% of children have an incorrect pronunciation, of which ¾ are boys. On the Voice Analysis and Word Synthesis Test, children were more successful in solving shorter and simpler tasks, but most children successfully mastered all requirements, girls achieved better results than boys, but without determining statistically significant differences (p> .05). On the tasks of the Semantic Test, over 60% of children achieved results that are within the age range or above, the best results were achieved within the category of antonyms, and the worst on the tasks of synonyms.
Boys achieved slightly better results than girls. On the Tests for examining the acceptance of suggestions and contributions, girls achieved slightly better results than boys, but the majority of children (over 80%) adopted the grammatical categories of suggestions and contributions
Odnos između rezilijentnosti i upotrebe cigareta i alkohola kod adolescenata sa intelektualnom ometenošću
Get PDFBackground/Aim. Resilience is related to the substance use in adolescence. However, little is known about the nature of this relation in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this research was to determine the relation among three domains of resilience (sense of mastery, sense of relatedness and emotional reactivity) and the substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) in adolescents with ID. Methods. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents of both genders with mild ID and aged 13-20 years. The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents were used to assess resilience. Results. In the adolescents with ID, resilience was significantly related to the use of cigarettes (x2 = 13.384; df = 3; p = 0.004), but not to the use of alcohol (x2 = 6.789; df =3; p > 0.05). Out of the three assessed domains of resilience, increased emotional reactivity was the only significant predictor of cigarette use. Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that emotional difficulties may increase the risk of cigarette use in adolescents with ID.Uvod/Cilj. Rezilijentnost je povezana sa upotrebom psihoaktivnih supstanci u adolescenciji, ali malo se zna o prirodi ove veze kod adolescenata sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO). Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje povezanosti između tri domena rezilijentnosti (osećanja kontrole nad vlastitim životom, osećanja povezanosti i emocionalne reaktivnosti) i upotrebe cigareta, alkohola i marihuane kod adolescenata sa IO. Metode. Uzorak je činilo 100 adolescenata sa IO, oba pola, uzrasta 13-20 godina. Za procenu rezilijentnosti korišćene su Skale rezilijentnosti za decu i adolescente (Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents). Rezultati. Kod adolescenata sa IO rezilijentnost je bila značajno povezana sa upotrebom cigareta (x2 = 13,384; df = 3; p = 0,004), ali ne i sa upotrebom alkohola (x2 = 6,789; df =3; p > 0,05). Od tri ispitana domena rezilijentnosti, samo je povišena emocionalna reaktivnost bila značajan prediktor upotrebe cigareta. Zaključak. Dobijeni rezultati sugerišu da emocionalne teškoće mogu povećati rizik od upotrebe cigareta kod adolescenata sa IO