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Psychotherapy as a supportive method in defectological treatment
Get PDFPsychotherapy was, at the very beginning, only a method of treating neurotic disorders in psychiatry, but over time it has gone beyond medicine and become accepted in solving everyday life problems and improving the quality of life of well-adjusted people, too. In this way, it imposed and fought for its place in all developed cultures. Besides, because of its broader connection with many social and human sciences (pedagogy sociology ethics, law, linguistics, philosophy religion, psychology art, defectology, etc.), it is considered to be a certain civilization achievement that significantly marks the modern age.
In addition to the general problems of psychotherapy as a supportive method in defectological treatment, we have paid special attention to behavioral therapy and its application in defectology within each of its branches. Based on the analysis performed, it is generally concluded that, despite the relevant results of the relatively widespread use of behavioral-cognitive therapies in working with children and young people (as well as adults) with disabilities, there is a lack of a more comprehensive theory on the development and elimination of sensory, cognitive and social disabilities, as well as the treatment of mental disorders in the population of individuals with developmental disabilities. Therefore, we need appropriate research that will provide new insights and more accurate data on the true value, as well as disadvantages and advantages in relation to other approaches in the treatment of this population
The effect of falls and older age on balance performance among elderly population
Get PDFFalls and old age have negative effect on balance. Aim of research is to examine the effect of falls and older age on balance performance among elderly population. The sample comprised 142 individuals (52.8% men and 47.2% women) and the mean age for the participants was 73 years and 11 months (SD = 6 years and two months). To assess static and dynamic balance we use the total of twelve different balance test. Results show a statistically significant main effect of the variable related to fall when standing with feet partly put together, One Leg Stance (p < 0.001), 360 Degree Turn Test (p < 0.05) in mediolateral and anteroposterior direction. Significant main effect of age category on standing with the feet together eyes closed (p < 0.05) in anteroposterior direction and standing with feet partly put together, One Leg Stance (p < 0.001), Four Step Square Test, Time Up and Go Test - Motor/Cognitive (p < 0.05) in mediolateral and anteroposterior direction. Significant effect of the interaction of the factor of fall and the category of age when standing with the feet apart and eyes open (p < 0.05) in mediolateral direction, feet apart and eyes closed (p < 0.05) in anteroposterior direction, feet together and eyes closed in both directions. Conclusion of our study show that elderly people with a positive history of falling manifest significantly poorer balance on some balance tests compared to younger adults who did not experience a fall
Special Olympics unified sports as the possible model in special education (example of athletes - partners cooperation in unified football)
Get PDFThe article presents the Special Olympics (SO) Unified Sports model as a complex means for: a) skills improvement of athletes with intellectual disability (ID), b) cooperation between athletes and partners, inclusion in community, c) influence on public awareness. Unified sports development, principles, benefits are described in detail. Attention is paid to system UNIFY and methods of assessment. The SO theory of “meaningful involvement" proclaims advantage of balanced cooperation between athletes with ID and partners without disabilities in the team during the match. Assessment of the cooperation was provided through observation based on Critical Incident Technique with frequency counting selected items (pass to athlete with a disability pass to partner assistance, shoot, goal, yellow-red card). Two selected unified football teams of boys 7-side SO Unified football were assessed: winning unified team (WUT), winner of all matches, loosing unified team (LUT), looser of all matches. Special Olympics official Individual Football Skill Tests (1ST) which included dribbling, passing, shooting, were used for relevance between skills level and attraction in match cooperation (index 1ST). Results of 1ST were not in direct relation with cooperation items. Athletes with disabilities preferred asking partners for cooperation. The cooperation is influenced by winning-loosing match development. Despite of the numeric data and absence of assessment of emotional and social items at each tournament the positive team context, satisfied atmosphere was visible. The pleasant mood in the team cooperation seemed to be important marker of benefit of unified sports model
Uticaj inkluzivnog obrazovanja na akademska postignuća kod učenika osnovne škole
Get PDFИнклузивно образовање подразумева активност индивидуе и друштва, процес учења и подучавања у коме долази до релативно трајних и прогресивних промена појединца.
Академски успех је показатељ прилагођености ученика школској средини.
Циљ овог истраживања је да се прегледом научне и стручне литературе издвоје и анализирају радови који су се бавили утицајем инклузије на академска постигнућа ученика основне школе.
При прегледу литературе коришћен је Google Scholar Advanced Search.
Анализирано је десет радова, осам емпирјских и два прегледна рада.
Добијени резултати показују да инклузивно образовање има неутралан до позитиван ефекат на академска постигнућа ученика са сметњама у развоју, као и да није утврђено да ће ученици са сметњама у развоју имати негативан утицај на академска постигнућа својих вршњака типичне популације у одељењу.
Ученици са сметњама у развоју не треба да пролазе кроз сегрегацију већ инклузију у редовни систем образовања са подршком, а улога државе и институција је таква да отклони баријере и омогући редовним школама да прођу што брже кроз период транзиције.Inclusive education implies the activity of the individual and society, the process of learning and teaching in which there are relatively permanent and progressive changes of the individual.
Academic success is an indicator of student's adaptation to the school environment.
The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the scientific and professional literature that have addressed the impact of inclusion on the academic achievements of primary school students.
Google Scholar Advanced Search was used when reviewing the literature. The research included 10 papers, 8 empirical and 2 review papers.
The obtained results show that inclusive education has a neutral to positive effect on the academic achievements of students with disabilities, and that it has not been determined that students with disabilities will have a negative impact on the academic achievements of their peers in the class.
Students with disabilities should not go through segregation, but inclusion in the regular system of education with support, and the role of the state and institutions should be to remove barriers and enable regular schools to go through the transition period as quickly as possible
Faktori rizika zavisnosti od kockanja
Get PDFKoцкање је болест зависности, а представља заједнички назив за различите игре на срећу, при чему се учесницима на основу одређеног улога нуди могућност добитка у новцу или неким другим материјалиним стварима, а исход зависи од неког случајног догађаја или одређене неизвесности. Основна тема овог рада биће детаљан опис фактора ризика који подстичу развој зависности од коцкања, као и доказивање неколико постављених хипотеза које повезују различите факторе ризика и зависност од коцкања. Осим ове области којој ће бити посвећена пажња (биће описана у централном дијелу) биће описан појам, историјски развој, етиологија, развој зависности од коцкања, типови коцкања, последице, превенција и лијечење од коцкања. Биће наведене разне врсте коцкања, карактеристике и узроци. У раду ће бити урађене и студије случаја, осносно опис болести на основу интервјуа који су вођени са зависницима од коцкања, кроз документарни филм „Улог“, а биће урађена и хронологија догађаја и анализа главног лика романа „Коцкар“ од Ф.М. Достојевског.
Циљ рада јесте анализа и експланација фактора ризика који постоје у различитим доменима екосистема индивидуе која је зависна од коцкања, као и анализа типова зависности од коцкања. Сходно циљу, у раду ће бити доказиване различите повезаности, односно утицаји различитих фактора ризика на развој одређених типова зависности од коцкања. С обзиром на то да је рад појмовно-теоријског концепта, биће наведени и објашњени теоријски налази у постојећој релевантној литератури, које прати и емпиријска верификација. У закључним разматрањима ћемо се водити практичним импликацијама које су проистекле из централног дијела. Наиме, биће дате препоруке у циљу побољшања друштвене реакције, са посебним нагласком за потребама превентивног деловања и раног интервенисања на све факторе ризика који су били елаборирани у раду.Gambling is an addictive disease, and is a common name for various games of chance, where participants are offered the possibility of winning money or some other material things based on a certain role, and the outcome depends on some random event or certain uncertainty. The main topic of this paper will be a detailed description of risk factors that encourage the development of gambling addiction, as well as proving several hypotheses that link different risk factors and gambling addiction. In addition to this area to which attention will be paid (it will be described in the central part), the concept, historical development, etiology, development of gambling addiction, types of gambling, consequences, prevention and treatment of gambling will be described. Various types of gambling, characteristics and causes will be listed. The paper will also include case studies, ie a description of the disease based on interviews conducted with gambling addicts, through the documentary film "Stake", and a chronology of events and analysis of the main character of the novel "Gambler" by F.M. Dostoevsky.
The aim of this paper is to analyze and explain the risk factors that exist in different domains of the ecosystem of an individual who is addicted to gambling, as well as to analyze the types of gambling addiction. According to the goal, the paper will prove different connections, ie the influences of different risk factors on the development of certain types of gambling addiction.
Given that the work is a conceptual-theoretical concept, the theoretical findings in the existing relevant literature will be listed and explained, which is accompanied by empirical verification. In our concluding remarks, we will be guided by the practical implications arising from the central part. Namely, recommendations will be given in order to improve the social response, with special emphasis on the needs of preventive action and early intervention on all risk factors that have been elaborated in the paper
Matematička anksioznost
Get PDFМатематичка анксиозност је анксиозност која се јавља када особа дође у контакт са математиком и математичким проблемима. Манифестује се на различите начине, од благе нелагодности коју особа доживљава када треба да покаже своје математичке вештине, до значајних промена на психолошком, психомоторном и вегетативном плану, које у мањој или већој мери могу утицати на постигнуће особе. Приликом упознавања са математиком као науком, дете наилази на изазове и проблеме са којима се до тада није сусрело. Комплексност овог језика симбола захтева помоћ учитеља, наставника, родитеља и ширег окружења, подршку и вредан рад, како би га дете разумело и развило све способности које му ова наука нуди. Тада се дете описмењује и развија математичку резилијентност, која му помаже да сваком наредном, компликованијем задатку приђе са знатижељом и одлучношћу да га реши. Међутим, пракса показује да дете чешће развија математикчку анксиозност, због чега долази до тога да ову науку, и професије које захтевају њено познавање, заобилази приликом одабира каријере и запошљавања. Проблеми се онда проширују и на друге активности које захтевају разумевање математичких записа и односа, и озбиљно могу угрозити свакодневно функционисање особе. Математичка анксиозност још увек нема своје место у стандардној класификацији менталних поремећаја, DSM-5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), па се најчешће доводи у везу са анксиозношћу теста и генерализованим анксиозним поремећајем. Њено издвајање, као посебне категорије анксиозности, би омогућило предузимање одређених мера и минимизирање њених последица.Mathematical anxiety is anxiety that occurs when a person comes in contact with mathematics and mathematical problems. It manifests itself in various ways, from mild discomfort that a person experiences when he needs to show his mathematical skills, to significant changes on the psychological, psychomotor and vegetative level, which can, to a greater or lesser extent, affect a person's achievements. When getting acquainted with mathematics as a science, child encounters challenges and problems that he has not encountered before. The complexity of this language of symbols requires the help of teachers, parents and the wider environment, support and hard work, so that the child understands it and develops all the abilities that this science offers him. Then the child becomes literate and develops mathematical resilience, which helps him to approach each subsequent, more complicated task with curiosity and determination to solve it. However, practice shows that a child more often develops mathematical anxiety, which is why this science, and the professions that require its knowledge, are bypassed when choosing a career and employment. The problems then extend to other activities that require an understanding of mathematical records and relationships, and can seriously jeopardize a person’s daily functioning. Mathematical anxiety still does not have its place in the standard classification of mental disorders, DSM-5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), so it is most often associated with test anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder. Its separation, as a special category of anxiety, would enable certain measures to be taken and its consequences to be minimized
Leksičko-semantičke sposobnosti kod dece sa poremećajem u razvoju jezika i promenama u eeg nalazu
Get PDFСпецифични језички пормећај (СЈП) је термин (енг. Specific language impairment) којим се дефинише поремећај у развоју језика који није условљен оштећењем слуха, сниженим интелектуалним способностима, церебралном патологијом, емоционалним поремећајима или тешком социјалном депривацијом. Специфични језички поремећај се означава и термином развојна дисфазија. Код деце са специфичним језичким поремећајем се типично испољавају измењени обрасци развоја појединих лингвистичких категорија. Другим речима, долази до значајног кашњења и сметњи у развоју појединих елемената језичке структуре. Неки језички елементи могу бити развијенији од других. Слично томе, сметње у неким лингвистичким областима су израженије него у другим. Тако, на пример, нека деца имају већи дефицит на морфосинтаксичком плану, друга на фонолошком, а трећа у области лексикона.
Циљ овог рада је преглед литературе и системски приказ лексичко-семантичких способности код деце са поремећајем у развоју језика и променама у ЕЕГ налазу.Specific language impairment (SLI) is a term which defines a disorder in language development which is not caused by hearing impairment, reduced intellectual abilities, cerebral patology, emotional disorders or difficult social deprivation. Specific language impairment is also referred as developmental dysphasia. Children with a specific language disorder usually manifest modified patterns of development of individual linguistic categories. In other words, there is significant delay and interference in the development of individual elements of language structure.
Some linguistic elements may be more developed than others. Similary, disturbances in some linguistic areas are more expressed then in others. So, for example, some children have a higher morphosyntactic deficit, other in phonological, third in the lexicon field.
The aim of this paper is literature review and a systematic presentation of lexical-semantic in children with language development disorders and changes in EEG tes
Fenomenologija prestupništva maloletnika u srbiji od 2009. Do 2018.
Get PDFDruštveno neprihvatljivo ponašanje mladih nije nova pojava, postoji još od davnina samo što je vremenom menjalo način na koji se ispoljava, uzroci su bili različiti i mere sankcionisanja su se razlikovale. Maloletničko prestupništvo uslovljeno je različitim porodičnim, psihološkim, sociološkim i društvenim faktorima. U zavisnosti sa kog aspekta se posmatra, definisanje ovog fenomena će biti drugačije, to dalje implicira njegovu složenost u determinisanju.
Kako bi se bolje shvatila ova pojava, a naročito konkretni prestupi i njihovi maloletni počinioci potrebno je uzeti u obzir sve potencijalne faktore koji su uticali na njegov nastanak. Zbog toga ćemo se u radu posebno fokusirati na determinisanje ovog fenomena, kao i etiološko-fenomenološke karakteristike prestupništva maloletnika. Pritom treba uzeti u obzir uticaj porodice koja predstavlja važnu osnovu za razvoj svakog pojedinca, ali i društvenu sredinu, kako ona utiče na maloletne prestupnike, kakav stav zauzima prema njima i kako su takvi prestupi sankcionisani. Važne podatke koje ćemo prikazati kroz fenomenologiju prestupništva maloletnika, odnosno obim i strukturu i krivičnopravnu reakciju na prestupništvo u periodu od 2009. do 2018. godine, predstavljaju relevantnu osnovu za objektivan uvid u kompletnu sliku o prestupima mladih u Srbiji. Sastavni deo društva, odnosno praćenja važnih dešavanja u društvu, svakako jesu mediji. U empirijskom delu rada analiziraćemo kakvu sliku mediji plasiraju o prestupima maloletnika i da li se ona poklapa sa zvaničnim podacima. Na osnovu relevantne literature analiziraćemo autentičnost medijskog izveštavanja, etiku u medijima, njihovu društvenu ulogu, medije u kontekstu moralne panike da bismo stekli celovitu sliku o medijskom izveštavanju o prestupništvu mladih.The socially unacceptable behavior of young people is not new phenomenon, it has existed since ancient times only what is temporally masculine the way it manifests, the degree to which they were different and sanctions have been otherwise. Juvenile delinquency is conditioned by various family, psychological, sociological and social factors. Depending on which aspect will be retained, the definition of this phenomenon will be different, in order to further imply its complexity in determination. In order for this phenomenon to occur better, and especially specific offenses and juvenile offenders, all potential factors that influenced its occurrence should have been taken into account. Therefore, we will focus in this text on determining this phenomenon, as well as the etiological-phenomenological characteristics of juvenile delinquency. In doing so, it should take into account the influence of the family, which is an important basis for the development of each individual, but also the social environment, how it uses juvenile offenders, how to deal with them and how such offenses are sanctioned. Important data that will be presented through the phenomenology of juvenile delinquency, regarding the scope and structure and criminally correct response to delinquency in the period from 2009 to 2018, are relevant databases for facilities that are an insight into the complete picture of youth crime in Serbia. The media are certainly an integral part of society, regarding monitoring important events in society. In the empirical part of the text, we will analyze what kind of media show we will place about juvenile delinquency and whether it will be published with official data. Based on the relevant literature, we will analyze the authenticity of media reporting, ethics in the media, our social affiliation, the media in the context of moral panic so that we should gain a complete picture of media reporting on youth crime
