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Компетенције васпитача и поверење мајки у инклузивном окружењу
No full textПоверење родитеља у стручњаке је важан предуслов за могућност њиховог
заједничког деловања на развој и васпитање деце. Поверење родитеља
у васпитаче и изграђивање њиховог партнерског односа значајно је већ
при поласку детета у вртић јер се на раном узрасту обезбеђују темељи
за дугорочни развој и образовање деце. Ово истраживање има за циљ да
испита ниво поверења родитеља у васпитаче запослене у инклузивном
вртићу, као и повезаност поверења родитеља са компетенцијама васпитача. Истраживањем је обухваћено 162 родитеља деце са сметњама у
развоју и 277 родитеља деце типичног развоја узраста од три до седам
година. Поверење у васпитаче је процењено применом Скале поверења.
Утврђено је да мајке деце са сметњама у развоју имају ниже поверење
у васпитаче него мајке деце без тешкоћа. Поверење родитеља значајно
је повезано са доживљајем васпитача о властитој компетенцији за рад
са децом са сметњама у развоју. Овакав резултат имплицира да је неопходно, кроз обуке и иницијално образовање васпитача, ојачати њихова
знања и вештине за рад са овом популацијом и њиховим родитељима
како би се допринело унапређењу поверења родитеља. Такође, потребна
су даља истраживања корелата и предиктора поверења, посебно када је
у питању поверење родитеља деце са сметњама у развоју
RECIDIVISM RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CONVICTS SERVING PRISON SENTENCES – VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF ASSESSING INSTRUMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
No full textПроцена ризика од рецидивизма, на основу које се конципира пенални третман,
најважнији је сегмент рада у затвору. Управо из тог разлога постоје многобројна истраживања
која се баве проценом ризика, те се тежи унапређењу инструмената процене. Досадашња
истраживања показују да је адекватна процена ризика од рецидивизма и прилагођавање
третмана процењеном ризику од кључне важности за спровођење пеналног третмана. У
светској литератури велика пажња се посвећује инструментима процене ризика од
рецидивизма. Циљеви овог истраживања су утврђивање међупосматрачке поузданости и
предиктивне валидности Упитника за процену ризика, капацитета и потреба осуђеног, који је
у званичној употреби у затворском систему Републике Србије.
Испитивање међупосматрачке поузданости рађено је на узорку од 106 осуђених који су
процењени Упитником за процену ризика, капацитета и потреба осуђеног од два независна
оцењивача. Предиктивна валидност Упитника за процену ризика, капацитета и потреба
осуђеног испитана је на узорку од 96 осуђених. За прикупљање података о осуђеним лицима
и стручним радницима формирани су посебни упитници.
Најважнији резултати испитивања међупосматрачке поузданости су: шест ајтема и
једна подскала (Став према кривичном делу) немају задовољавајућу објективност;
објективност мерења је виша за статичке у односу на динамичке факторе; објективност мерења
варира у зависности од карактеристика осуђених и стручних радника. Резултати испитивања
предиктивне валидности указују на значајну повезаност између рецидивизма и 19 ајтема, девет
подскала, укупног скора и нивоа ризика. Међутим, откривене су значајне разлике у
предиктивној валидности у зависности од карактеристика осуђених.
Добијени резултати указују на корисност процене ризика у затворском систему Србије.
Међутим, постоји потреба за унапређивањем међупосматрачке поузданости путем формалне
обуке особља. Додатно, налази нашег истраживања указују да је предиктивна валидност
инструмента слаба за поједине групе осуђених. Добијени резултати представљају добру
полазну основу за детаљније изучавање и унапређење праксе процене у пеналном систему
Републике Србије.Recidivism risk assessment, which serves as basis for penal treatment, is the most significant
segment of prison work. This is the reason behind the existence of numerous research that focus on
risk assessment, and thus the tendency to constantly improve the assessment instruments. Research
so far have shown that an adequate recidivism risk assessment and adjustments of treatments
according to the obtained results are of key significance for penal treatment. In the world literature
risk assessment instruments have been focused on to great extent. The aims of this research are to
determine the inter-rater reliability and predictive validity of the Questionnaire for convict risk,
capacity and needs assessment, which is in official use in the prison system of the Republic of Serbia.
The inter-rater reliability research was conducted on the sample of 106 convicts which had
been assessed with the Questionnaire for convict risk, capacity and needs assessment by two
independent assessors. The predictive validity of the Questionnaire for convict risk, capacity and
needs assessment was examined on a sample of 96 convicts. Special questionnaires had been created
for gathering data about the convicts and the experts.
The most significant results of the inter-rater reliability research are: six items and a subscale
(The attitude towards the crime) do not show satisfactory objectiveness level; the objectiveness levels
are higher for statistical factors compared to the dynamical ones; the objectiveness varies depending
on both the convicts’ and the experts’ characteristics. The results of predictive validity research
indicate that there is a significant connection between recidivism and 19 items, nine subscales, the
overall score and risk levels. However, significant differences in predictive validity have been
discovered concerning the convicts’ characteristics.
The obtained results suggest that risk assessment in Serbia prison system are beneficial.
However, there is a need to further develop inter-rater reliability by providing the staff with formal
training. Additionally, the results of our research indicate that the predictive validity of the
instruments is low for certain groups of convicts. The obtained results represent good basis for a more
detailed research and further development of assessment practice in the penal system of the Republic
of Serbia
Тeachers’ self-efficacy in working with children with disabilities
No full textУвереност наставника у сопствену способност за рад са уче-
ницима са сметњама у развоју чини кључни предуслов за успешну реализацију
наставног
процеса.
Циљ:
Циљ
истраживања
био
је
утврђивање
самоефикасности
наставника
за
извођење
наставног
процеса
са
децом
са
сметњама у
развоју,
разлике
које
постоје у
перципираној
самоефикасности у
односу
на
врсту
школе,
те
повезаности
година
старости и
радног
искуства
наставника
са
перципираном
самоефикасношћу.
Метод:
У
истраживању је учествовало 85 наставника (54 наставника из редовних
школа и 31 наставник из специјалних школа). За процену самоефикасности
наставника
коришћена
је
Скала
ефикасности
наставника
за
инклузивну
праксу
(The
Teacher
Efficacy
for
Inclusive
Practices
Scale).
Фактори
као
што
су
врста
школе,
године
старости и
године
радног
искуства
испитани
су
посебно
конструисаним
упитником.
Резултати:
Резултати
истраживања
показују
како
наставници
имају
прилично
висок
ниво
перципиране
ефикасности
за
скалу у
целости
(AS=85,69,
SD=20,09).
Висока
самоефикасност
запажена
је у
областима
које
се
односе
на
сарадњу
(AS=28,98,
SD=7,09)
и
управљање
понашањем
(AS=28,87,
SD=7,58),
док
је у
области
извођења
инклузивне
наставе
забележен
мало
нижи
ниво
самоефикасности
(AS=24,41,
SD=5,60).
Наставници
редовних
школа
су
своју
ефикасност у
управљању
понашањем
проценили
значајно
вишом
(U=1067,00,
p=0,04) у
односу
на
наставнике
из
специјалних
школа.
Резултати
су
такође
показали
да
је
самоефикасност у
управљању
понашањем у
статистички
значајној
вези
са
годинама
старости
наставника
(rs
=0,28, p=0,01), а забележена је и
гранична статистичка значајност са годинама радног искуства (rs=0,22,
p=0,06). Закључак: Наставници показују прилично висок ниво самоефикасности
за
извођење
наставног
процеса
са
децом
са
сметњама у
развоју.
Разлике
које
постоје
између
наставника
редовних и
специјалних
школа
по
питању
самоефикасности у
управљању
понашањем
могу
се
тумачити
кроз
повезаност
година
старости и
радног
искуства
са
самоефикасношћу.Introduction. The teacher’s confidence in their own ability to work with
students with disabilities is an important prerequisite for the successful
implementation of the teaching process. Goal. The purpose of this study was
to determine teacher’s self-efficacy in carrying out the teaching process with
children with disabilities, differences in perceived self-efficacy in relation to
type of school, and the correlation between age and length of professional
experience with perceived self-efficacy. Method. 85 teachers participated in
this study (54 from the regular education system and 31 from schools for
children with disabilities). The Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices Scale
was used to assess teacher’s self-efficacy. Factors, such as type of school,
age, and length of professional experience were examined using a specially
constructed questionnaire. Results. Results of this study show that the
average score across the scale indicates a high level of teacher self-efficacy (AS
= 85.69, SD = 20.09). A high level of self-efficacy was observed in the areas of
collaboration (AS = 28.98, SD = 7.09) and behavior management (AS = 28.87,
SD = 7.58), while the level of self-efficacy for the area of inclusive teaching
was slightly lower (AS = 24.41, SD = 5.60). Teachers from regular schools
rated their effectiveness in behavior management significantly better (U =
1067.00, p = 0.04) than teachers from special schools. Self-efficacy in behavior
management was statistically significantly related to teachers’ age (rs = 0.28, p =
0.01), while a borderline statistical significance was registered for the length of
professional experience (rs = 0.22, p = 0.06). Conclusion. Teachers have a fairly
high level of self-efficacy in conducting the teaching process with children
with disabilities. The differences between regular and special school teachers
regarding self-efficacy in behavior management can be interpreted through
the association of age and professional experience with self-efficacy
European stroke organisation (ESO) guideline on cerebral small vessel disease, part 2, lacunar ischaemic stroke
Get PDFA quarter of ischaemic strokes are lacunar subtype, typically neurologically mild, usually resulting from intrinsic cerebral small vessel pathology, with risk factor profiles and outcome rates differing from other stroke subtypes. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist with clinical decisions about management of lacunar ischaemic stroke to prevent adverse clinical outcomes. The guideline was developed according to ESO standard operating procedures and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. We addressed acute treatment (including progressive lacunar stroke) and secondary prevention in lacunar ischaemic stroke, and prioritised the interventions of thrombolysis, antiplatelet drugs, blood pressure lowering, lipid lowering, lifestyle, and other interventions and their potential effects on the clinical outcomes recurrent stroke, dependency, major adverse cardiovascular events, death, cognitive decline, mobility, gait, or mood disorders. We systematically reviewed the literature, assessed the evidence and where feasible formulated evidence-based recommendations, and expert concensus statements. We found little direct evidence, mostly of low quality. We recommend that patients with suspected acute lacunar ischaemic stroke receive intravenous alteplase, antiplatelet drugs and avoid blood pressure lowering according to current acute ischaemic stroke guidelines. For secondary prevention, we recommend single antiplatelet treatment long-term, blood pressure control, and lipid lowering according to current guidelines. We recommend smoking cessation, regular exercise, other healthy lifestyle modifications, and avoid obesity for general health benefits. We cannot make any recommendation concerning progressive stroke or other drugs. Large randomised controlled trials with clinically important endpoints, including cognitive endpoints, are a priority for lacunar ischaemic stroke.publishedVersio
Multifaktorski model deficita: Uloga viših kognitivnih funkcija u kliničkoj slici specifičnih smetnji u učenju
No full textSpecifične smetnje u učenju karakteriše visoka varijabilnost u ispoljavanju akademskih teškoća što je povezano sa heterogenim profilima kognitivnih potencijala i ograničenja. Multifaktorski model deficita prevazilazi jednodimenzionalna objašnjenja u nastanku određenog razvojnog poremećaja i zasniva se na ideji da kognitivni faktori rizika nisu deterministički, već probabilistički, što podrazumeva da nemaju sve osobe isti deficit u osnovi manifestnih teškoća. Raniji stavovi da je ograničenje u jednoj kognitivnoj oblasti dovoljan i neophodan uslov za ispoljavanje disleksije ili, na primer, diskalkulije, ne može da, na zadovoljavajući način, objasni izražene interindividualne varijacije u profilima kognitivnih sposobnosti i bihevioralnim manifestacijama akademskih teškoća. Takođe, model izdvojenog deficita u jednoj oblasti ne može da objasni pojavu komorbiditeta, posebno kada je reč o kombinovanim smetnjama u učenju.
Cilj ovog rada je da se istakne značaj multifaktorskog pristupa u razumevanju disleksije, disgrafije i diskalkulije, sa posebnim osvrtom na ulogu različitih aspekata egzekutivnih funkcija u ovladavanju veštinom čitanja, pisanja i računanja.
Egzekutivne funkcije uključuju niz kognitivnih procesa koji su neophodni za kontrolu i regulaciju ponašanja, misli i emocija. Posebno relevanti za ovladavanje bazičnim akademskim veštinama su radna memorija i inhibitorna kontrola, kao i kognitivna fleksibilnost i sposobnost planiranja i organizacije. Uz integrisan pregled teškoća u domenu egzekutivnih funkcija kod različitih formi smetnji u učenju, biće ponuđene i preporuke za tretman i individualizovane obrazovne pristupe
Carotid artery stenosis is related to cerebral small vessel disease magnetic resonance imaging burden
No full textBACKGROUND: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) encompasses conditions that affect small blood vessels of the brain, the most common being atherosclerosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) CSVD markers include lacunar strokes (LS), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), and brain atrophy. Large and small cerebral arteries share an anatomical and functional connection, but the role of large vessel atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic CSVD hasn't been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of large vessel pathology in atherosclerotic CSVD.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 98 patients treated at the Neurology Clinic of the University Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade, from February 2018 to December 2023, who had atherosclerotic CSVD confirmed by neuroimaging and underwent extracranial color duplex sonography. Data on patients' gender, age, cerebrovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status), ultrasonography findings (intima-media thickness - IMT, carotid and vertebral artery stenosis, and hemodynamics), and CSVD imaging markers were collected, and the CSVD MRI burden score was calculated.RESULTS: Age correlated with LS and WMH (p < 0.05 for both). Hypertension correlated with WMH (p = 0.016), and smoking with LS (p = 0.043). Brain atrophy was more common in women (p = 0.016). The majority of patients had low-grade (<50 %) carotid stenosis. There was a strong correlation between all morphological parameters of internal carotid artery stenosis and the CSVD burden score (p < 0.05 for all). The hemodynamic parameters of internal carotid artery stenosis and morphological and hemodynamic parameters of vertebral artery stenosis didn't correlate with the CSVD burden score.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a strong correlation between cerebral large and small vessel pathology. We recommend the use of extracranial color duplex sonography in the evaluation of patients with CSVD as a supplementary method for follow-up, as this would allow the identification of patients whose condition might progress
The quality of life and disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis
Get PDFThe goal of the research was to determine the impact of disease activity on the quality of life in people with rheumatoid arthritis. The sample consisted of 60 subjects of both sexes with rheumatoid arthritis. To assess the quality of life, the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) questionnaire was used, while disease activity was assessed using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). The research results show that there is a connection between the activity of diseases and the quality of life in people with rheumatoid arthritis. The application of modern treatment protocols is important in the rehabilitation approach in order to reduce disease activity and the extent of expected damage due to arthritis, which directly affects the maintenance of the quality of life of the affected people
Organizaciona podrška osobama sa autizmom u zdravstvenom sistemu
Get PDFOsobe sa autizmom se suočavaju sa brojnim izazovima u obezbeđivanju adekvatnih zdravstvenih usluga. Više od 70% osoba sa autizmom ima neka komorbidna stanja, koja često ostaju neprepoznata, kako zbog izostanka preventivnih aktivnosti, tako i zbog nedovoljnog poznavanja specifičnih zdravstvenih potreba osoba sa autizmom. Ako uz to imamo u vidu da su osobe sa autizmom sklonije različitim povredama i da mnoge osobe sa težim oblicima autizma nemaju ideju o opasnosti, ne čudi nalaz da je stopa morbiditeta i mortaliteta kod osoba sa autizmom značajno veća nego u tipičnoj populaciji. U okviru ERASMUS + projekta „Zdravlje: Poboljšanje pristupačnosti zdravstvenim uslugama za osobe sa autizmom“, pokušali smo da utvrdimo koje su intervencije do sada korišćene kako bi se poboljšalo stanje zdravlja ove populacije. Nedavno objavljene sistematske pregledne studije nedvosmisleno pokazuju da se intervencije u ovoj oblasti uglavnom usmeravaju na same osobe sa autizmom (npr. sistemska desenzitizacija, modelovanje, socijalni narativi) i, u nešto manjoj meri, na podizanje kapaciteta i znanja pružalaca zdravstvenih usluga. Istraživanja koja se bave mogućim efektima restrukturiranja zdravstvenog sistema izuzetno su retka. Intervencije organizacionog tipa uglavnom se odnose na prilagođavanje okruženja hipersenzitivnim pacijentima i kreiranje individualizovanog plana podrške. U Srbiji se, uprkos predlozima roditelja i stručnjaka da se uvedu zdravstveni pasoši, obezbede posebne čekaonice i prilagode prostorije zdravstvenih ustanova senzornim potrebama osoba sa autizmom, nije daleko odmaklo u organizacionim promenama zdravstvenog sistema
Bullying victimization experiences among Belgrade high school students
Get PDFBullying refers to intentional actions, repeated over time, that harm, intimidate, or humiliate
another person and that occur within the context of an imbalance of power, either real or
perceived, between the bully and the victim. Previous research suggests that age and gender
differences in bullying may be dependent upon the specific type of bullying behavior measured.
In general, the serious consequences of bullying impose the need for constant examination of
this negative phenomenon. To examine the frequency of personal experience of bullying
victimization among high school students, a survey was conducted on a sample of 243 Belgrade
students (76.5% female), aged 14–19 (M = 16.5; SD = 1.1). The Delaware Bullying
Victimization Scale (DBVS) was used to examine the frequency of personal experience of
bullying victimization. The DBVS is a six-point Likert-type scale (1 – never; 6 – every day),
which consists of a total of 16 items, which are further grouped into four subscales: Verbal,
Physical, Social/Relational and Cyberbullying. A separate score is computed for each subscale
(Verbal, Physical, Social/Relational, and Cyberbullying) and a total Bullying in School score
is computed by summing the scores on the first three subscales (under the recommendation of
the authors of the instrument). Internal reliability of the scale was high (α = .92). In general, it
can be said that high school students very rarely experienced bullying victimization (M = 1.63;
SD = .89). Verbal bullying victimization was the most common of all forms (M = 1.85; SD =
1.21), while cyberbullying was the least pronounced (M = 1.3; SD = .73). Male students more
often than female students experienced verbal (t(242) = 3.21, p < .01, d = .53), physical (t(242)
= 3.8, p < .01, d = .63), cyberbullying victimization (t(241) = 2.67, p = .01, d = .45), as well as
bullying victimization in general (t(242) = 3.29, p < .01, d = .55). The student's age had weak
positive correlations with the total score (r = 0.17, p = .01), but also with the scores on all
subscales (except for the Physical bullying). Based on the obtained findings, it can be
concluded that in the examined sample of high school students bullying victimization is not
frequent, male students experience bullying victimization more often, and the frequency of
bullying victimization increases with age. The results can serve as an initial insight and a
starting point to further assessments of bullying and intervention planning
Sports injuries in athletes with disabilities
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to determine the type and localization of sports injuries in people with
disabilities who play sports professionally or recreationally and to examine whether there was a
difference in sports injuries between these two categories of para-athletes. The research sample
consisted of 30 men with an average age of 40.96 years. The sample had two subsamples. The
first group consisted of 13 respondents who participated in para-sports professionally. The
second group comprised of 17 respondents who take part in para-sports recreationally. The
respondents trained individual and team para-sports (parashooting, parataekwondo,
paraswimming, paracycling, para-athletics, para-table tennis, sitting volleyball and wheelchair
basketball). A questionnaire was created to gather overall demographic data, and a part of the
Musculoskeletal Discomfort Form was used to localize musculoskeletal complaints. Descriptive
statistics, measures of central tendency, the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation
coefficient were applied. The results showed that 76.6% of all para-athletes have suffered at least
one injury, with most injuries occurring during training (63.3%). Shoulder trauma and soft tissue
injuries were the most common. Both subsamples reported that they had experienced the most
problems in the form of pain, discomfort and numbness in the neck and lower back. As far as
people with disabilities are concerned, participation in para-sports carries inseparable and
associated risks. Therefore, the data achieved in this study can be used in order to understand the
risk factors leading to injury which are specific to para-athletes (disability-sport) and to develop
injury prevention programs