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Primena terapije ogledalom kod fantomskog bola
No full textUvod: Smatra se da oko 60% do 80% osoba sa amputacijama iskusi bolne fantomske senzacije. Terapija ogledalom je jedan od načina za kontrolu fantomskog bola i podrazumeva stvaranje vizuelne predstave dva zdrava ekstremiteta uz pomoć refleksije u ogledalu.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je da se pretragom dostupne literature ukaže na efekte primene terapije ogledalom kod osoba sa amputacijama ekstremiteta, kao i da se izdvoje faktori koji određuju njenu efikasnost.
Metod: Pregled dostupne literature izvršen je pretragom elektronskih časopisa preko pretraživača Google Scholar i PubMed. Nakon korišćenja ključnih reči na pomenutim pretraživačima pronađeno je oko 40 radova, a nakon čitanja apstrakata izdvojeno je 17 radova koji ispunjavaju sledeće kriterijume uključivanja: radovi dostupni u celosti, publikovani na srpskom ili engleskom jeziku u periodu 2007-2020. godine, radovi koji se bave ispitivanjem efekata terapije ogledalom kod fantomskog bola, radovi koji se bave ispitivanjem faktora koji određuju efikasnost terapije ogledalom kod fantomskog bola.
Rezultati: Analiza radova pokazala je da se terapija ogledalom istakla kao uspešna u tretmanu fantomskih bolova kod osoba sa amputacijama ekstremiteta, ali i da prilikom njene realizacije moramo voditi računa o faktorima kao što su jačina bola ili psihičko stanje subjekta. Sama terapija
se u komparativnim analizama pokazala kao efikasnija u odnosu na mnoge druge tehnike za tretman fantomskog bola.
Zaključak: Ističe se da je neophodno da se istraživanja iz ove oblasti sprovode redovno i to na značajnije većem broju ispitanika, i da treba ustanoviti jedinstveni protokol terapije.Introduction: It is estimated that about 60% to 80% of people with amputations experience painful phantom sensations. Mirror therapy is a way to control phantom pain, and it involves creating a visual representation of two healthy limbs with help of a mirror reflection.
Aim: The aim of this study was to search the available literature to point out the effects of the application of mirror therapy in people with limb amputations, and to identify the factors that determine its effectiveness.
Method: A review of the available literature was performed by searching electronic journals through Google Scholar and PubMed. After using keywords on the mentioned search engines, about 40 papers were found, and after reading the abstracts, 17 papers were selected that met the
following inclusion criteria: papers fully available, published in Serbian or English from 2007 to 2020, papers investigating the effects of mirror therapy in phantom pain, papers investigating the factors that determine the effectiveness of mirror therapy.
Results: The literature analysis showed that mirror therapy proved to be successful in the treatment of limb phantom pain, but also that during its implementation we must consider factors such as pain intensity or mental state of the subject. Comparative analyses showed that the therapy was
more effective than many other techniques for treating phantom pain.
Conclusion: It is highlighted that it is necessary to conduct research regularly and on a significantly larger number of examinees, and that a unique therapy protocol should be established
Knowledge, intellectual disabilities,and bilingualism
No full textAims: The scientific study deals with the problem of bilingualism in the population of the children with mild
intellectual disabilities on educational treatment. The study is based upon Lajos Genc and Tove Skutnab Kangas
theory of bilingualism. We try to assess the differences between reading and writing in different categories of
bilingual children with intellectual disabilities, such general school achievement in monolingual and bilingual
children.
Methodology: The research included the 124 children with mild intellectual disabilities, who are attending primary
schools in Belgrade, Serbia. The research was done by trained experts in special education and psychologists who
used clinical, development scales of writing and reading of the neuropsychological battery Luria-Nebrasca for
children.
Results: The results of the research point up to the conclusion about the existence of significant relationship between
balanced bilingualism and reading and also the relationship between dominant bilingualism and writing in the
population of children with intellectual disabilities.
Conclusions: The study points up to the significance of application of rehabilitation procedures upon the standard
school treatment of this population of children
Traning program for transition of students with autism from primary to secondary school
No full textMultidisciplinarni pristupi u edukaciji i rehabilitacij
What drives us to be (ir)responsible for our health during the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of personality, thinking styles, and conspiracy mentality
No full textThe study aimed to investigate the role of personality, thinking styles, and conspiracy mentality in health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., recommended health behaviors according to COVID-19 guidelines and engagement in pseudoscientific practices related to COVID-19. Basic personality space was defined by the HEXACO model complemented by Disintegration, which represents psychotic-like experiences and behaviors reconceptualized as a personality trait. Mediation analyses conducted on a convenient sample from the general population recruited via social media and by snowballing (N = 417) showed that engagement in pseudoscientific behaviors was predicted by high Disintegration. However, this relationship was entirely mediated by high experiential and low rational thinking styles. Adherence to health practices recommended by COVID-19 guidelines was predicted by high Honesty traits, while low Disintegration had both direct and indirect effects through conspiracy mentality.peer‐reviewed version of the article:[http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/admin/item?administrative-continue=13277a4d5f312b2e0e67491141414613258d5573&view_item
Intelektualna ometenost u visokom obrazovanju - samoprocena potreba za obukom univerzitetskih nastavnika
Get PDFIntroduction. The inclusion of students with disabilities in higher education is a fundamental right recognised by the legal system since its recognition in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, the measures adopted by European countries to promote their incorporation are not always accompanied by parallel training actions that provide university professors with the necessary knowledge to incorporate people with intellectual disabilities into the classroom with the same guarantees and opportunities as people without intellectual disabilities. Objective. This paper aims to provide specific data on the self-perceived training needs of university teaching staff and thus lay the foundations for a specific training programme. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out by means of a survey designed to collect the teachers' perceptions of their own competences and the effectiveness of their knowledge, as well as the importance they attached to some aspects of intellectual disability. The survey was administered to teachers in Serbia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and Spain, with a total sample of 1009 teachers. Results. The results obtained showed that the perception of self-perceived competence in educational skills is dependent on three main factors: previous specific training, teaching experience with people with intellectual disabilities and own personal experiences. Conclusion. The present study demonstrated the concern and need of the teaching staff to obtain specific training on people with intellectual disabilities in higher education.Uvod: Inkluzija studenata sa ometenošću u visokom obrazovanju je fundamentalno pravo koje prepoznaje pravni sistem od usvajanja Konvencije Ujedinjenih nacija o pravima osoba sa ometenošću. Međutim, mere koje su preduzele evropske zemlje u promovisanju tih prava nisu uvek praćene obukama koje bi univerzitetskim nastavnicima obezbedile neophodna znanja za uključivanje osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću u nastavu sa istim garancijama i mogućnostima koje se nude osobama tipičnog razvoja. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da utvrdi potrebe za obukom na osnovu vlastite percepcije univerzitetskog nastavnog osoblja i da na taj način postavi temelje specifčnog programa obuke. Metode: Sprovedeno je transferzalno istraživanje pomoću upitnika kojim su prikupljeni podaci o vlastitoj proceni nastavnika u pogledu kompetencija i efektivnosti njihovog znanja, kao i o značaju koji oni pridaju pojedinim aspektima intelektualne ometenosti. Ispitivanje je izvršeno na uzorku od 1009 nastavnika iz Srbije, Holandije, Portugalije, Italije i Španije. Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je samoprocena kompetencija u edukativnim veštinama zavisna od tri glavna činioca: specifčnog treninga u prošlosti, iskustva u podučavanju osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću i ličnih iskustava, Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za specifčnom obukom nastavnog osoblja u oblasti rada sa osobama sa intelektualnom ometenošću u visokom obrazovanju
Theory of mind and problem behavior in people with intellectual disability
Get PDFIntroduction. Behavioral problems are more common in people with intellectual disability than in typical population and present an obstacle to their adaptive functioning and social inclusion. Since adjusted social behavior requires, among other things, an adequate understanding and interpretation of thoughts and behavior of others, theory of mind could be one of the factors of adjusted behavior and behavioral problems in people with intellectual disability. Objective. The aim of this paper is to single out the research in which the issue of the relationship between the ability of theory of mind and behavioral problems of people with intellectual disabilities has been addressed, through a literature review. Methods. Insight into the available literature was performed by searching the electronic databases that are available through the services of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition - KOBSON, as well as through Google Scholar and Research Gate. Results. Based on the analyzed research results, it can be concluded that there is a negative correlation between theory of mind and behavioral problems, both in children and in adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. While some studies have found a direct link between theory of mind and behavioral problems, others have found that this link is indirect, whereby the role of intermediaries tend to have executive functions, social acceptance, quality of parental interaction and resilience. Conclusion. Since the results of several studies suggest that more advanced theory of mind enables more successful social interactions and more adjusted behavior, it is necessary to enrich the education of people with intellectual disability with contents related to understanding thoughts, emotions, desires and intentions, as one of the elements of approach to treatment, in order to prevent problematic behaviors.Problemi u ponašanju kod osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću prisutni su češće nego kod osoba tipične populacije i predstavljaju prepreku njihovom adaptivnom funkcionisanju i društvenoj uključenosti. Budući da je za prilagođeno socijalno ponašanje potrebno, između ostalog, adekvatno razumevanje i tumačenje misli i ponašanja drugih osoba, teorija uma mogla bi biti jedan od faktora prilagođenog ponašanja i problema u ponašanju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da se pregledom literature izdvoje istraživanja u kojima je obrađivana problematika odnosa između sposobnosti teorije uma i problema u ponašanju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Metode: Uvid u dostupnu literaturu izvršen je pretraživanjem elektronskih baza podataka koje su dostupne preko servisa Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku - KOBSON, kao i pretragama preko pretraživača Google Scholar i Research Gate. Rezultati: Na osnovu analiziranih rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti da postoji negativna korelacija između sposobnosti teorije uma i problema u ponašanju, kako kod dece, tako i kod adolescenata i odraslih osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Dok je u nekim istraživanjima utvrđena direktna povezanost između sposobnosti teorije uma i problema u ponašanju, u drugim istraživanjima je utvrđeno da je ta povezanost posredna, pri čemu ulogu posrednika uglavnom imaju egzekutivne funkcije, socijalna prihvaćenost, kvalitet interakcije s roditeljima i rezilijentnost. Zaključak: Budući da rezultati više studija sugerišu da naprednija teorija uma omogućava uspešnije socijalne interakcije i prilagođenije ponašanje, potrebno je edukaciju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću obogatiti sadržajima koji se odnose na razumevanje misli, emocija, želja i namera, kao jedan od elemenata pristupa tretmanu, u cilju preveniranja problematičnih oblika ponašanja
Freedom deprivation in prisons of Serbia
No full textThe subject of this research is the deprivation of freedom at two time points. A total of 490 convicts from open, semi-open, and closed prisons participated in the research. Freedom deprivation intensity was determined by using the freedom deprivation scale (alpha = .93). The results of the research indicate that almost all the participants reported freedom deprivation. The prison type had an impact on freedom deprivation intensity, whereas an influence of the ward type on deprivation was not demonstrated. Freedom deprivation intensity was consistent from the turn of the century to the present day
Povezanost topografskih parametara glave optičkog nerva i debljine sloja nervnih vlakana retine sa centralnom debljinom rožnjače kod bolesnika sa primarnim glaukomom otvorenog ugla
Get PDFIntroduction/Objective In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) we explored the relationship between the optic nerve head (ONH) topography parameters and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with the central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods This retrospective study included 97 patients (97 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients were divided into a thin CCT lt 540 mm (45 eyes) and a thick CCT ≥ 540 mm (52 eyes) group, using ultrasonic pachymeter. Topographic measurements of the ONH parameters and RNFL thickness was performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The outcomes were compared with the thin and thick CCT and correlated with the thin CCT of the subjects. Results There were significantly lower mean intraocular pressure (p lt 0.0001) and CCT (p lt 0.0001) in patients with thin CCT compared to patients with thick CCT. Statistically significant differences of ONH parameters were found in thin cornea group compared to thick cornea group in: cup/disc area ratio (p lt 0.03), vertical cup/disc ratio (p lt 0.01) and rim volume (p lt 0.01). Statistically significant differences of RNFL thickness were found in thin cornea group compared to thick cornea group in: average (p lt 0.001), superior (p lt 0.03), inferior (p lt 0.03) and nasal (p lt 0.01). Significant positive correlation was found between thin CCT and OCT parameters in: optic disc area (r = 0.429, p = 0.003), cup/disc area ratio (r = 0.287, p = 0.05), horizontal cup/disc ratio (r = 0.472, p lt 0.001), vertical cup/disc ratio (r = 0.578, p lt 0.001), average RNFL (r = 0.796, p lt 0.001), superior RNFL (r = 0.665, p lt 0.001), inferior RNFL (r = 0.650, p lt 0.001), nasal RNFL (r = 0.611, p lt 0.001) and temporal RNFL thickness (r = 0.601, p lt 0.001). Conclusion POAG patients with thin cornea will probably develop larger glaucoma changes than those with a thicker cornea. Ultrasonic pachymetry measurements of CCT and OCT analysis of ONH topography parameters and RNFL thickness provide significant information in early diagnosis and monitoring progression of POAG.Uvod/Cilj Istraživali smo povezanost između topografskih parametara glave optičkog nerva (GON) i debljine sloja nervnih vlakana retine (SNVR) sa centralnom debljinom rožnjače (CDR) kod bolesnika sa primarnim glaukomom otvorenog ugla. Metode U ovu retrospektivnu studiju uključeno je 97 bolesnika (97 očiju) sa primarnim glaukomom otvorenog ugla. Bolesnici su podeljeni na grupu sa tanjom rožnjačom (CDR lt 540 mm, 45 očiju) i debljom rožnjačom (CDR ≥ 540 mm, 52 oka), koje su merene ultrazvučnom pahimetrijom. Topografska merenja parametara GON i debljine SNVR rađena su optičkom koherentnom tomografijom (OKT). Rezultati su upoređivani sa tanjom i debljom CDR i korelirani sa tanjom CDR učesnika studije. Rezultati Utvrđene su statistički značajno niže vrednosti intraokularnog pritiska (p lt 0,0001) i CDR (p lt 0,0001) kod bolesnika sa tankom CDR u poređenju sa bolesnicima sa debljom CDR. Kod parametara GON dobili smo statistički značajnu razliku u grupi sa tankom rožnjačom u poređenju sa grupom sa debljom rožnjačom kod površine odnosa cup/disc (p lt 0,03), vertikalnog odnosa cup/disc (p lt 0,01) i volumena rim (p lt 0,01). Pronađena je statistički značajna razlika kod debljine SNVR u grupi sa tankom rožnjačom u poređenju sa grupom sa debljom rožnjačom kod srednje (p lt 0,001), gornje (p lt 0,03), donje (p lt 0,03) i unutrašnje (p lt 0,01) debljine SNVR. Utvrđena je statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija tanke CDR i parametara optičke koherentne tomografije kod površine optic disc (r = 0,429, p = 0,003), površine odnosa cup/disc (r = 0,287, p = 0,05), horizontalnog odnosa cup/disc (r = 0,472, p lt 0,001), vertikalnog odnosa cup/disc (r = 0,578, p lt 0,001), srednje debljine SNVR (r = 0,796, p lt 0,001), gornjeg SNVR (r = 0,665, p lt 0,001), donjeg SNVR (r = 0,650, p lt 0,001), unutrašnjeg SNVR (r = 0,611, p lt 0,001) i spoljašnjeg SNVR kvadranta (r = 0,601, p lt 0,001). Zaključak Bolesnici sa primarnim glaukomom otvorenog ugla i tanjom rožnjačom verovatno će razviti veće glaukomne promene od onih sa debljom rožnjačom. Ultrazvučnom pahimetrijom merena CDR i optičkom koherentnom tomografijom analizirani topografski parametri GON i debljina SNVR pružaju značajne informacije u ranoj dijagnozi i praćenju progresije kod primarnog glaukoma otvorenog ugla
Impact of parental characteristics on internalized and externalized problems in children with hearing impairment
Get PDFExtensive theoretical and empirical material indicates that parenting is one of the most important predictors of internalized and externalized problems in children of typical development. Based on this knowledge, the question arises whether the same parenting factors are responsible for the occurrence, development and maintenance of these problems in children with hearing impairment. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to review the scientific knowledge on the impact of parental characteristics on the development of internalized and externalized problems in children with hearing impairment. The paper summarizes the results of research on the characteristics of parenting in children with hearing impairment and the impact of communication between parents and children with hearing impairment on internalized and externalized problems, in the context of modern knowledge in the general population. Based on the presented studies, it can be concluded that there are no significant differences in the characteristics of parenthood between the parents of children of typical development and children with hearing impairment. There are indications that parents of children with hearing impairment are more exposed to stress and tend to have an overprotective or overcontrolling relation to the child. Inadequate communication with parents stands out as the most important factor in the occurrence of internalized and externalized problems in children with hearing impairment. Specific factors also play an important role, such as the hearing status of the parents or the communication model. In order to prevent internalized and externalized problems in children with hearing impairment, it is recommended to use programs based on parenting skills training, which is fully adapted to the specific needs of the parents.Obimna teorijska i empirijska građa ukazuje na to da je roditeljstvo jedan od najznačajnijih prediktora internalizovanih i eksternalizovanih problema kod dece tipičnog razvoja. Na temelju tih saznanja, postavlja se pitanje da li su isti faktori roditeljstva odgovorni za pojavu, razvoj i održavanje navedenih problema kod dece sa oštećenjem sluha. Shodno tome, cilj rada je prikaz naučnih saznanja o uticaju karakteristika roditeljstva na razvoj internalizovanih i eskternalizovanih problema kod dece sa oštećenjem sluha. U radu su sumirani rezultati istraživanja o karakteristikama roditeljstva kod dece sa oštećenjem sluha i uticaju komunikacije između roditelja i deteta sa oštećenjem sluha na internalizovane i eksternalizovane probleme, u kontekstu savremenih saznanja u opštoj populaciji. Na osnovu prikazanih studija može se zaključiti da nema značajnih razlika u karakteristikama roditeljstva između roditelja dece tipičnog razvoja i dece sa oštećenjem sluha. Postoje indicije da su roditelji dece sa oštećenjem sluha više izloženi stresu i da imaju tendenciju ka preterano kontrolišućem ili zaštitničkom odnosu prema detetu. Neadekvatna komunikacija sa roditeljima se izdvaja kao najznačajniji faktor pojave internalizovanih i eksternalizovanih problema kod dece sa oštećenjem sluha. Važnu ulogu imaju i specifčni faktori, poput slušnog statusa roditelja ili modela komunikacije. U svrhu prevencije internalizovanih i eksternalizovanih problema kod dece sa oštećenjem sluha preporučuje se primena programa zasnovanih na treningu roditeljskih veština, koji je potpuno adaptiran specifčnim potrebama roditelja
Content analysis of article titles published in journals specialized in autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFThe goal of the present paper was to determine current issues in journals specialized in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through the content analysis of the article titles. The analysis was performed for the articles published in following journals: Autism, Autism Research, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disabilities, Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders i Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders in the period between 2019. and June 2020. Total number of analyzed articles was 1361. In relation to the age of participants, the largest number of studies dealth with children with ASD, followed by adults and adolescents. Many studies had parents of children with ASD as their participants. Most common topics were mental health, social communication, quality of life, social skills, physical activity, emotion regulation, executive functions, emotion recognition, parental stress and restrictive behaviors. Tis content analysis clearly pointed to the current issues in ASD examined by leading world researchers. In addition to this, the analysis of current issues will provide significant guideposts to the local authors who study ASD in their work.Cilj ovog rada bio je da se analizom sadržaja naslova članaka objavljenih u najprestižnijim svjetskim časopisima specijaliziranim za poremećaj iz spektra autizma detektuju aktuelne teme u ovoj oblasti. Analizirani su članci koji su objavljeni u periodu od januara 2019. godine do juna 2020. godine u sledećim časopisima: Autism, Autism Research, Journal of Autism and other Developmental Disabilities, Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders i Review Journal of Autismand Developmental Disorders. Ukupan broj analiziranih članaka bio je 1361 članka. U odnosu na dobne skupine ispitanika, najveći broj studija bavio se djecom sa PSA, zatim sa odraslim osobama i adolescentima. Također, predmet velikog broja studija bili su roditelji djece/odraslih sa PSA. Najčešće proučavane teme su mentalno zdravlje, socijalna komunikacija, kvalitet života, socijalne vještine, fzička aktivnost, teorija uma, ADHD, adaptivno ponašanje, regulacija emocija, izvršne funkcije, prepoznavanje emocija, roditeljski stressi restriktivna ponašanja. Ova sadržajna analiza NAM je jasno ukazala na to koje su to teme u okviru PSA kojima se bave vodeći svjetski istraživači u ovoj oblasti. Pored toga, analizaaktualnih tema u oblasti PSA pruža i značajne smjernice domaćim autorima za odabir tema u budućim istraživanjima