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The role of otoacoustic emissions in audiological assessment of children with suspected hearing loss
Get PDFIntroduction: Otoacoustic emissions are sounds that result from energy generated in the cochlea. The otoacoustic emissions test helps to confirm outer hair cell function.
Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in children with suspected hearing loss.
Method: This retrospective study included 115 children, 65 males (56.5%) and 50 females (43.5%), aged 0 to 14 years (mean age of 6.9±3.5 years), examined during the period from January 2017 to March 2021. The audiological assessment included Distortion product otoacoustic emissions test, tympanometry, and pure-tone audiometry in children older than 4 years.
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were recorded in the form of DP- gram elicited by two primary tone stimuli L1=65 dB SPL and L2=55 dB SPL.
Levels of the 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emissions were registered at frequencies from 1000 Hz to 8000 Hz at four points per octave. For statistical data analysis we used Chi-square test with level of significance p<.05.
Results: From the total of 81 children with tonal audiogram, 13 children (16%) had sensorineural hearing loss with mean distortion product otoacoustic emissions amplitude -7.4 dB SPL, and 68 children (84%) had normal hearing with mean DPOAE amplitude 9.9 dB SPL. In children without tonal audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emissions were present in 23 children (67.6%) at control examination after absence during middle ear pathology and 9 children (26.5%) at first examination. Otoacoustic emissions were absent in 2 children (5.9%) without middle ear pathology. They were mostly absent at frequency of 4000 Hz (p=.036).
Conclusion: The otoacoustic emissions test is good cross-check for pure- tone audiometry. In children with sensorineural hearing loss, the otoacoustic emissions are absent in the range of hearing loss. In young children not cooperative for pure-tone audiometry, expression of otoacoustic emissions after previous absence during middle ear pathology would indicate that there is no coexistent sensorineural hearing loss
Struktura porodica osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom
Get PDFTradicionalna definicija porodicu definiše kao osnovnu društvenu ćeliju, i smatra se da je svrha njenog postojanja da se tokom različitih životnih faza obezbede uslovi za rast i razvoj njenih članova.
U ovom radu prikazana je struktura porodica osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom koje žive na teritoriji grada Beograda. Analizirana je baza podataka Saveza za cerebralnu i dečiju paralizu Srbije, pri čemu su podaci pojedinačnih varijabli dobijeni izborom odgovarajućih filtera u okviru same baze podataka. U bazi podataka, na nivou grada Beograda, evidentirano je 888 članova (480 muškaraca i 408 žena).
Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da najveći procenat osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom sa teritorije Beograda živi sa svojim roditeljima/starateljima (77.5%), dok daleko manji procenat živi sam (5.2%), u zajednici sa bračnim/vanbračnim partnerom živi 10.2%, dok u kategoriju drugo spada 6.5%.
Značaj poznavanja ovih procenata ogleda se u činjenici da, i kao odrasli ljudi, osobe sa cerebralnom paralizom i dalje žive sa svojim roditeljima koji su stari i verovatno nisu u radnom odnosu, što utiče na materijalno funkcionisanje čitave porodice, ograničava novčana izdvajanja i posledično određuje i sam kvalitet života. Ističe se potreba za pružanjem adekvatnih mera podrške i resursa koji bi doprineli smanjenju porodičnih poteškoća
Phonological awareness, verbal working memory and rapid automatic naming as indicators of vocabulary development in preschool children
Get PDFUvod: Prema modelu leksičkog restrukturiranja, razvoj rečnika pokreće razvoj
fonoloških reprezentacija. Stoga se može predvideti da će deca sa razvijenim rečnikom
posedovati vrlo specifične fonološke reprezentacije reči. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je da
se utvrdi značaj fonološke svesnosti, verbalne radne memorije i brzog automatskog
imenovanja kao pokazatelja razvijenosti ekspresivnog i receptivnog rečnika kod dece
predškolskog uzrasta. Metode: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 86 dece tipičnog razvoja. Za
procenu fonološke svesnosti, verbalne radne memorije, brzog automatskog imenovanja,
ekspresivnog i receptivnog rečnika korišćeni su suptestovi koji predstavljaju deo Clinical
Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Fourth Edition baterije. Rezultati: Rezultati
istraživanja pokazuju da model koji objedinjuje uzrast, fonološku svesnost, verbalnu
radnu memoriju i brzo automatsko imenovanje predviđa 51% varijanse postignuća na
zadacima procene ekspresivnog rečnika (F = 7.73, df1 = 2, df2 = 75, p < .001) i 38%
varijanse postignuća na zadacima procene receptivnog rečnika (F = 4.65, df1 = 2, df2
= 75, p < .001). U konačnom modelu kao statistički značajni pokazatelji ekspresivnog
rečnika ističu se samo zadaci identifikacije i supstitucije fonema, kao i brzo automatsko
imenovanje (p < .05). Sa druge strane, kao statistički značajni pokazatelji receptivnog
rečnika ističu se analiza i sinteza fonema, verbalna radna memorija i brzo automatsko
imenovanje (p < .05). Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da uzrast, fonološka
svesnost, verbalna radna memorija i brzo automatsko imenovanje imaju značajan
doprinos u razvoju rečnika kod dece pre formalne obuke čitanja.Introduction. According to the lexical restructuring model, the development of vocabulary
initiates the development of phonological representations. Therefore, it can be predicted
that children with developed vocabulary will possess very specific phonological
representations of words. Aim. The aim of this research was to determine the significance
of phonological awareness, verbal working memory, and rapid automatic naming
as indicators of the development of expressive and receptive vocabulary in preschool
children. Method. The research included 86 children of typical development. For the
assessment of phonological awareness, verbal working memory, rapid automatic naming,
expressive and receptive vocabulary, the subtests of Clinical Evaluation of Language
Fundamentals – Fourth Edition battery were used. Results. The results showed that
the model containing age, phonological awareness, verbal working memory, and rapid
automatic naming predicted 51% of the achievement variance on expressive vocabulary
tasks (F = 7.73, df1 = 2, df2 = 75, p < .001) and 38% of the achievement variance on
receptive vocabulary tasks (F = 4.65, df1 = 2, df2 = 75, p < .001). In the final model, only
the tasks of phoneme identification, phoneme substitution, and rapid automatic naming
(p < .05) stood out as statistically significant indicators of expressive vocabulary. On the
other hand, statistically significant indicators of receptive vocabulary included analysis
and synthesis of phonemes, verbal working memory, and rapid automatic naming (p <
.05). Conclusion. The results showed that age, phonological awareness, verbal working
memory, and rapid automatic naming significantly contributed to vocabulary development
in children before reading acquisitio
Prosodic features of pragmatic abilities in adults with intellectual disabilities
Get PDFOsobe sa intelektualnom ometenošću imaju snižene socio-komunikacione
kompetencije. U odnosu na ostale pragmatske sposobnosti, oblast prozodije,
kao segmenta paralingvistike, kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću manje je poznata. Cilj rada je pregled i analiza dostupne literature o paralingvističkim prozodijskim sposobnostima kod odraslih osoba sa intelektualnom
ometenošću. Rezultati dobijeni analizom dostupnih istraživanja ukazuju na
priličnu konzistentnost nalaza u vezi sa akustičkim i perceptivnim prozodijskim manifestacijama kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću, odnosno o
višim vrednostima fundamentalne frekvencije koja je van tipičnog opsega, kao
i o smanjenoj modulaciji, nižim vrednostima Jittera i Shimmera, ali i sniženoj
energiji. Analizom su uočene i metodološke nekonzistentnosti koje se ponajpre ogledaju u veličini uzorka, starosnoj dobi uzorka, etiologiji intelektualne
ometenosti, odabiru analiziranih parametara i tipu foniranja. Sumiranjem
istraživačke literature uočavaju se atipične prozodijske karakteristike kod
odraslih osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću u odnosu na odrasle tipičnog
razvoja. Proučavanje prozodije u adultnom periodu ima veliki značaj, kako
za razumevanje razvojnih faktora u vezi sa ovom sposobnošću, tako i za tretman pragmatskih veština kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću.People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have reduced social
communication skills. There is less scientific knowledge about prosody, as a
segment of paralinguistics, in people with ID, compared to their other pragmatic
abilities. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the available literature
on paralinguistic prosodic abilities in adults with ID. The results obtained from
the analysis of available research indicate considerable consistency in findings
regarding acoustic and perceptual prosodic characteristics in people with ID, ie
higher values of fundamental frequency (F0) which is outside the typical range,
as well as reduced modulation, lower values of Jitter and Shimmer, and reduced
energy. The analysis also revealed methodological inconsistencies, which are
primarily reflected in the sample size, sample age, etiology of ID, selected
analyzed parameters and type of phonation. By summarizing the research
literature, atypical prosodic characteristics are noticeable in adults with ID in
relation to adults of typical development. The study of prosody in the period of
adulthood is of great importance, both for understanding the developmental
factors related to this ability, but also for the treatment of pragmatic skills in
people with ID
Oral manifestations in patients infected with Covid-19
Get PDFUvod:Kod pacijenata obolelih od KOVID 19, se pored
karakteristične kliničke slike respiratorne infekcije, mogu se
dijagnostikovati i oralne manifestacije.
Cilj: Cilj rada je bio da se pregledom savremene literature sagleda
zastupljenost promena u usnoj duplji odnosno prisustvo oralnih
simptoma kod obolelih od KOVID-19, kako bi se ukazalo da oralne
manifestacije mogu nastati usled virusne infekcije SARS-CoV-2.
Metode: Do relevantnih informacija koje su bitne za rad, došli smo
pretragom dostupne elektronske baze podataka PubMed-a i Google
Scholar.
Rezultati: Utvrđena je raznovrsna lokalizacija oralnih lezija kod
obolelih od KOVID-19: sluzokoža jezika (dorzuma i bočne strane
jezika), bukalna sluzokoža, tvrdo i meko nepce, unutrašnja strana
usana i gingive. Najčešće su evidentirane ulceracije u različitim
delovima usne duplje. Još uvek je kontraverzno pitanje da li su
oralne lezije kod infekcije SARS-CoV-2 virusa nastale kao
posledica primarnog dejstva samog virusa ili kao sekundarna
manifestacija infekcije. Visoka zastupljenost receptora za
angiotenzin-konvertujući enzim 2 na oralnim epitelnim ćelijama
jezika i pljuvačnih žlezdi ukazuje da usna duplja može biti posebno
podložna infekciji SARS-CoV-2. Disfunkcija čula ukusa je najčešći
oralni simptom kod pacijenata obolelih od KOVID-19.
Zaključak: Oralne lezije, kserostomija, poremećaji čula ukusa
mogu se javiti kod pacijenata kod kojih je dijagnostikovana
infekcija KOVID-19, zbog čega je bitno načiniti iscrpan intraoralni
pregled da bi se utvrdile promene u usnoj duplji i primenila
adekvatna terapija.Introduction:In addition to the characteristic clinical picture of
respiratory infection, patients with COVID-19 can also be
diagnosed with oral manifestations.
Aim: The aim of this study was to review current literature for
the prevalence of changes in the oral cavity i.e., the presence of
oral symptoms in patients with COVID-19, in order to indicate
that oral manifestations may occur due to viral infection with
SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: Important information relevant to the study was
obtained by searching the available electronic PubMed and
Google Scholar database.
Results: Oral lesions were found in different locations in
patients with COVID-19: tongue mucosa (dorsum and lateral
sides of the tongue), buccal mucosa, hard and soft palate, inner
lip and gingiva. The most common were ulcerations in different
parts of the oral cavity. It is still unclear whether oral lesions in
SARS-CoV-2 virus infection were a consequence of the primary
effect of the virus itself or a secondary manifestation of the
infection. The high presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
in oral epithelial cells of the tongue and salivary glands
indicates that the oral cavity may be particularly susceptible to
SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taste disorder is the most common oral
symptom in patients with COVID-19.
Conclusion: Oral lesions, xerostomia, taste disorders can occur
in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Therefore, a
comprehensive intraoral examination is necessary in order to
determine changes in the oral cavity and apply proper
treatmen
The connection between playing videogames and externalizing and internalizing problems in children and adolescents
No full textИграње видео-игара једна је од најпопуларнијих активности деце и адолесцената у слободно време. Процењује се да готово 90% младих игра неку врсту видео-игре.
Екстернализовани и интернализовани проблеми представљају две димензије проблема у понашању. Екстернализовани проблеми подразумевају конфликте са другим особама и кршење друштвених норми, док су интернализовани проблеми усмерени ка себи.
Основни циљ овог рада је преглед и синтеза резултата претходних истраживања о повезаности играња видео-игара са екстернализованим и интернализованим проблемима код деце и адолесцената. Посебни циљеви овог рада, а на основу прегледа и синтезе резултата претходних истраживања, су и анализа природе повезаности играња видео-игара са екстернализованим и интернализованим проблемима, као и анализа утицаја пола и узраста на повезаност између играња видео-игара са екстернализованим и интернализованим проблемима.
Резултати великог броја истраживања указали су на постојање повезаности играња видео- игара са екстернализованим проблемима, при чему је та повезаност јача код испитаника мушког пола и у случајевима када видео-игре садрже висок степен насиља. Такође, истраживањима је потврђена и повезаност играња видео-игара са интернализованим проблемимаи то нарочито код испитаница женског пола и код адолесцената који прекомерно играју видео-игре.
Закључак је да постоји повезаност између играња видео-игара и екстернализованих и интернализованих проблема, али да зависно од димензије проблема различити фактори имају медијаторску улогу. Повезаност играња видео-игара и екстернализованих и интернализованих проблема посредована је факторима као што су: пол, узраст, насиље у видео-играма, жанр видео-игре и време које свакодневно деца и адолесценти проводе играјући видео-игре.Playing video games is one of the most popular leisure activities for children and adolescents. It is estimated that almost 90% of young people play some kind of video game. Externalizing and internalizing problems represent two dimensions of behavioral problems. Externalizing problems include conflicts with other people and violations of social norms while internalizing problems are self-directed.
The main goal of this paper is to review and synthesize the results of previous research on the connection between playing video games and externalizing and internalizing problems in children and adolescents. The special goals of this paper, based on the review and synthesis of the results of previous research, are the analysis of the nature of the connection between playing video games with externalizing and internalizing problems, as well as the analysis of the influence of gender and age on the connection between playing video games with externalizing and internalizing problems.
The results of a large number of studies indicated the existence of a connection between playing video games and externalizing problems, with this connection being stronger among male respondents and in cases when video games contain a high degree of violence. Also, research has confirmed the connection between playing video games and internalized problems, especially in female respondents and adolescents who play video games excessively.
The conclusion is that there is a connection between playing video games and externalized and internalized problems, but that depending on the dimension of the problem, different factors have a mediating role. The connection between playing video games and externalized and internalized problems is mediated by factors such as gender, age, violence in video games, the genre of video games, and the time that children and adolescents spend every day playing video games
Procena svakodnevnih veština kod dece sa cerebralnom paralizom
No full textЦиљ истраживања је био да се процени адаптивно понашање деце са церебралном парализом у домену свакодневних (животних) вештина.
Узорак истраживања чини 61 дете с церебралном парализом, оба пола (42,6% дечака), просечног узраста 12,24 године. За процену адаптивног понашања, домен свакодневних (животних) вештина коришћена је Винеландова скала адаптивног понашања (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland™-3), Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Saulnier, 2016). Примењене су мере дескриптивне и инференцијалне статистике.
Резултати истраживања показују да нема статистички значјане разлике између дечака и девојчица (p = .25) када је у питању укупан скор на скали. Такође, узраст и ниво адаптивног понашања у домену свакодневних вештина не корелирају међусобно.
Добијене су статистички значајне разлике (U = 212.50, p = .01) између нижих (Mdn = 7.00, IQR = 31.00) и виших разреда основне школе (Mdn = 32.00, IQR = 34.00).
Добијени резултати могу наћи примену у креирању практичних, како едукативних тако и рехабилитационих програма.The aim of the research was to assess the adaptive behavior of children with cerebral palsy in the domain of everyday (life) skills.
The research sample consists of 61 children with cerebral palsy, both sexes (42.6% of boys), with an average age of 12.24 years. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland ™ -3; Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Saulnier, 2016) were used to assess adaptive behavior, the domain of everyday (life) skills. Measures of descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.
The results of the research show that there is no statistically significant difference between boys and girls (p = .25) when it comes to the total score on the scale. Also, age and level of adaptive behavior in the domain of everyday skills do not correlate with each other.
Statistically significant differences (U = 212.50, p = .01) were obtained between lower (Mdn = 7.00, IQR = 31.00) and upper grades of elementary school (Mdn = 32.00, IQR = 34.00).
The obtained results can be applied in the creation of practical, both educational and rehabilitation programs
Nivo percipirane socijalne podrške osoba sa demencijom u rezidencijalnom smeštaju u Srbiji: pilot istraživanje
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the level of perceived social support in people with mild to moderate form of dementia in residential care settings. Also, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of perceived social support from different sources in the social surrounding of people with dementia. The sample consisted of 29 participants diagnosed with mild to moderate form of dementia. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used for the purpose of evaluating the level of perceived social support. Participants rated the perceived social support fairly high. There were no significant differences in social support pertaining to gender and education. Furthermore, participants stated that they have significantly more social support from family, compared to friends and other significant persons. These findings are an important start of research addressing the quality of life in people with dementia with the aim of improving the existing social support mechanisms in Serbia.Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita nivo dobijene socijalne podrške na osnovu samoprocene kod osoba sa demencijom u ustanovama rezidencijalnog tipa. Pored toga, cilj ove studije je i da se utvde nivoi percipirane socijalne podrške iz različitih izvora u socijalnom okruženju osoba sa demencijom. Uzorak se sastojao od 29 ispitanika sa dijagnozom blagog do umerenog oblika demencije. Kao instrument za procenu socijalne podrške korišćena je Multidimenzionalna skala percipirane socijalne podrške (MSPSS). Rezultati su preliminarno pokazali da osobe sa blagom i umerenom demencijom u rezidencijalnom smeštaju ocenjuju dobijen nivo socijalne podrške prilično visoko, a sama podrška nije u vezi sa polom ili nivoom obrazovanja ispitanika. Pored toga, ispitanici dobijaju značajno više podrške od strane porodice u poređenju sa prijateljima i drugim značajnim osobama, što je potencijalno uslovljeno socio ekonomskim i demografskim faktorima, kao promenama u društvenom miljeu koje se dešavaju starenjem. Ovi nalazi su važan početak istraživanja koji se bavi kvalitetom života osoba sa demencijom, a sve u cilju poboljšanja postojećih mehanizama socijalne podrške u Srbiji
ASSESSMENT OF INHIBITORY CONTROL AND SELEC- TIVE ATTENTION IN PERSONS WITH APHASIA
No full textAphasia is broadly defined as a neurogenic communication di-
sorder that manifests itself in impaired linguistic and cognitive processes, inclu-
ding executive functions (Vuković, 2016). Inhibitory control and selective atten-
tion are important for executive functions, as they allow us to select the content
we want and to focus on them while ignoring other irrelevant information. The
study aimed to evaluate the ability of inhibitory control and selective attention in
individuals with aphasia. The study included a total of 20 subjects: 10 of them with
the classic form of aphasic syndrome formed the experimental group, while the
10 subjects participated in the control group. The diagnosis of aphasia was given
to the participants by implementing the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
(BDAE). A two-month testing was conducted at the Institute for Psychophysiolo-
gical Disorders and Speech Pathology “Prof. Dr Cvetko Brajović” in Belgrade. The
Stroop test (Victoria version) was used for evaluation. The results indicated that
individuals with aphasia exhibited the poorer ability of inhibitory control and se-
lective attention than subjects from the control group. In the group of people with
aphasia, people with non-fluent type took longer to complete all three parts of the
test, but on average they showed fewer errors than people with fluent aphasias.
Since aphasia is accompanied by other disorders, including disorders of executive
functions, it is necessary to recognize and treat them promptly. Seeing a person
as a biopsychosocial being, instead of observing them through the prism of his
language disorder, enables experts to create more adequate treatment strategies,
which would enhance the results of traditional language therapy