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Communication disorders as a consequence of severe forms of covid-19 infection and the role of speech and language therapists
Get PDFIako je primaran fokus još uvek usmeren na obuzdavanje širenja virusa COVID-19 i spasavanje života, sve je više dokaza da oni koji prežive bitku sa virusom mogu imati značajne posledice u vidu teškoća na planu komunikacije.
Istraživanja su pokazala da proces lečenja akutnog respiratornog distres sindroma može dovesti do oštećenja govornog aparata. Dodatno, u literaturi postoji veći broj studija čiji rezultati ukazuju na moguće neurološke posledi- ce COVID-19 infekcije, koje u sklopu kliničke slike uključuju motorne poremećaje govora. Pored navedenog, sve je više dokaza o značajnim posledicama na planu kognitivnog funkcionisanja kod osoba preživelih od teške forme kliničke slike uzrokovane virusom COVID-19. Dokumentovane teškoće na planu pažnje, pamćenja, brzine procesiranja i egzekutivnih funkcija mogu značajno omesti adekvatnu komunikaciju i pogoršati kvalitet života kod pacijenata nakon otpuštanja iz bolnice.
Uloga logopeda u minimiziranju negativnih posledica teški oblika COVID-19 usmerena je u dva pravca. Prvi je usmeren na ranu procenu težine i obima motor- nih poremećaja govora, kao i rani skrining kognitivno-komunikacijskog defici- ta već tokom ranog boravka na intenzivnoj nezi. Drugi pravac je usmeren na ranu primenu logopedskih rehabilitacionih intervencija i davanje smernica, kako samom pacijentu tako i članovima njegove porodice.Although the primary focus is still on curbing COVID-19 transmission and saving lives, there is growing evidence that survivors can have significant consequences in terms of communication difficulties.
Studies have shown that the process of treating acute respiratory distress syndrome can lead to speech apparatus damage. In addition, there is a body of evidence indicating the possible neurological consequences of COVID-19 infection, with motor speech disorders among other symptoms. Also, there is growing evidence of significant cognitive dysfunction in survivors from severe forms of COVID-19 infection.
Documented difficulties include impairment of attention, memory, processing speed, and executive functions, which can negatively affect one’s communication and quality of life after hospital discharge.
The role of speech and language therapists in minimizing the negative consequences of severe forms of COVID-19 is two-way directed.
The first emphasise early assessment of the severity and extent of motor speech disorders, as well as early screening of cognitive- communication deficit, already at intensive care units. The second one is focused on the early application of speech and language interventions, as well as giving professional instructions, both to the patients and family members
Crime during Covid-19 – global trends
Get PDFU toku 2020. i 2021. godine objavljen je značajan broj naučnih radova koji se bave uticajem pandemije COVID-19 na trendove kriminaliteta. Uglavnom se ističe zaključak da statistički podaci širom sveta ukazuju na pad broja prijavljenih krivičnih dela tokom 2020. godine, što se utvrđuje poređenjem sa podacima za 2019. i ranije godine. Među objašnjenjima razloga navodnog opadanja kriminal- nih aktivnosti posebno se ističe uticaj potpune ili delimične blokada rada policijskih i pravosudnih organa koja je u mnogim zemljama bila aktuelna tokom dela 2020. godine. Sa druge strane, sve glasnije se govori o tome da su pojedini ve- oma opasni oblici kriminaliteta, poput nasilničkog, zapravo bili u porastu, posebno tokom trajanja zabrane kretanja, pri čemu žrtvama neretko nije mogao biti pružen nivo zaštite dosegnut u prethodnim godinama. Na globalnom ni- vou primećene su i nepovoljne tendencije kada su u pitanju trgovina ljudima i seksualno eksploatisanje dece.
Rad sadrži pregled rezultata naučnih istraživanja na temu trendova kretanja kriminaliteta tokom pandemijske 2020. godine. Cilj rada jeste da se ukaže na ključne zaključke naučnih studija u vezi sa strukturom i dinami- kom kriminaliteta tokom trajanja pandemije COVID-19, kao i na najznačajnije preporuke osmišljene u cilju prilagođavanja formalne reakcije novonastalim prilikama.For the last two years, a significant number of scientific papers have dealt with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime trends.
The main point is that statistical data around the world indicate a decrease in the number of reported crimes during 2020, which is obvious in comparison with the data from 2019. Among the explanations for the alleged decline in criminal activities is the complete or partial blockage of the work of police and judicial bodies in many countries during 2020. On the other hand, there is growing talk that some very dangerous forms of crime, such as violence, have actually been on the rise, especially during travel bans, with victims often unable to be provided with the level of protection achieved in previous years.
At the global level, unfavorable tendencies have been noticed when it comes to human trafficking and especially sexual exploitation of children.
The paper contains a summary of scientific research on the topic of trends in crime during the pandemic 2020. The aim of the article is to point out the key conclusions regarding the structure and dynamics of crime during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the most important recommendations designed to adapt the formal response to new circumstances
Reliability and validity of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39) for a Serbian population
No full textPurpose: Aphasia has a negative impact on a person’s quality of life (QOL). The Stroke Aphasia Quality of Life-39 scale
(SAQOL-39) is a widely-used measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) developed for people with aphasia that
has been translated into several languages. Its psychometric properties have been examined not only in English, but also
in other languages. This study examined the reliability and validity of a translation and adaptation of the SAQOL-39 into
Serbian in Serbian-speaking people with aphasia.
Method: Using forward and backward translation, the SAQOL-39 was translated and adapted from English into Serbian
and its psychometric properties were examined in 90 Serbian-speaking people with a broad range of times post-onset of
aphasia. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability and other analyses were conducted.
Result: Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the Serbian version was high (Cronbach’s a>0.9; ICC 0.87),
which is similar to versions of the scale in other languages.
Conclusion: The Serbian translation and adaptation of the SAQOL-39 was shown to be a valid and reliable measure of
QOL in people with aphasia with reliable psychometric properties and is suitable for the assessment of Serbian people
with aphasia.peer‐reviewed version of the article:[http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3788
Visual, auditory and language abilities In early school-age children
Get PDFCilj ovog rada je da se utvrde nivoi razvoja u oblastima vizuelnih, auditivnih i jezičkih
sposobnosti kod dece ranog školskog uzrasta, kao i povezanost vizuelnih i auditivnih
sa jezičkim sposobnostima Uzorak je činilo tridesetoro dece oba pola, uzrasta od 7 do
11 godina, bez dijagnostikovanog nekog od razvojnih poremećaja. U svrhu procene
primenjen je Akadija test.
Analizom rezultata je utvrđeno je da određen procenat dece ima značajno niža postignuća
od očekivaniih za uzrast na pojedinim suptestovima. Najveći broj dece koja su
imala postignuća niža za više od jedne SD uočen je na suptestovima Auditivno pamćenje
(33,3%), Vizuomotorna koordinacija i mogućnost sleda (20%) i Vizuelno pamćenje
(20%), dok je najmanji procenat dece odstupao od uzrasnih normi na suptestu
Automatsko jezičko blago (10%). Na uzorku u celini utvrđena je značajna pozitivna
korelacija srednje jačine između postignuća na suptestovima Crtanje oblika i Veština
stvaranja pojmova (r=0,61, p<0,01), i između postignuća na suptestovima Vizuelno
pamćenje i Automatsko jezičko blago (r=0,64, p<0,01). Pored toga, utvrđena je slična
korelacija između postignuća na suptestu Audio-vizuelne asocijacije sa postignućima
na suptestovima Veština stvaranja pojmova (r=0,62, p<0,01) i Stečeno jezičko
blago (r=0,63, p<0,01).
Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da deca tipičnog razvoja ranog školskog uzrasta
mogu imati lošija postignuća u određenim domenima razvojnih sposobnosti koje
značajno utiču na ovladavanje školskim veštinama. Dodatno, pored dobro dokumentovane
povezanosti auditivnih i jezičkih sposobnosti, rezultati našeg istraživanja
ukazuju i na značajnu povezanost vizuo-prostornih i nekih aspekata jezičkih
sposobnosti.The aim of this study is to determine the levels of development in the areas of visual,
auditory and language skills in early school-age, as well as the relationship between
visual and auditory with language skills. The sample consisted of thirty girls and boys,
aged from 7 to 11, without any developmental impairments. For the purpose of assessment,
the Acadia test was used.
Data analysis showed that a certain percentage of children have significantly lower
achievements within four subtests, according the norms. The highest percentage of
children whose achievement was more than one SD lower than average was observed
within subtests Auditory memory (33.3%), Visual motor coordination and sequencing
(20%) and Visual memory (20%) scores, while the lowest percentage of children
deviated from age norms on the subtest Automatic language richness (10%). In the
overall sample, results showed significant positive correlation of medium strength
between scores at Forms drawing and Ability of forming concepts (r= 0.61, p<0.01),
and between scores at Visual memory and Automatic language richness (r = 0, 64,
p<0.01). In addition, a similar correlation was found between scores at Audio-visual
association with scores at Ability of forming concepts scores (r = 0.62, p<0.01) and
Acquired language richness (r = 0.63, p <0, 01).
The obtained results indicate that typically developing children at early school-age
may have difficulties in certain domains of developmental abilities that can significantly
affect academic skills. Moreover, in addition to the well-documented relation
between auditory and language abilities, the results of our research also indicate a
significant relation between visual-spatial and certain aspects of language abilities
Importance of phonological awareness of the serbian language In early english reading in children with developmental Coordination disorder
Get PDFUvod: Razvojni poremećaj koordinacije karakterišu smetnje u planiranju i
koordinaciji složenih pokreta tokom akcije, bez prethodno dijagnostikovane
intelektualne ometenosti, neurološkog ili nekog drugog senzornog
oštećenja. Iako je relativno čest poremećaj u populaciji dece školskog
uzrasta, povezanost slabijeg fonološkog razvoja na maternjem jeziku i
čitanja na stranom jeziku kod ove grupe dece nije dovoljno istražena.
Cilj: Cilj rada je bio utvrđivanje povezanosti fonološke svesnosti srpskog
jezika i početnog čitanja na engleskom jeziku kod dece sa razvojnim
poremećajem koordinacije u odnosu na decu bez ove teškoće.
Metod: Uzorak je činilo 30 dece sa razvojnim poremećajem koordinacije i
41 dete bez ovih smetnji, starosti od 9,0 do 10,6 godina iz Beograda. Uzorak
je bio ujednačen prema uzrastu. Za utvrđivanje razvojnog poremećaja
koordinacije korišćen je Upitnik za razvojni poremećaj koordinacije.
Fonološka svesnost je procenjena Testom fonološke svesnosti srpskog
jezika. Čitanje pojedinačnih reči na engleskom jeziku procenjeno je BURT
testom (The Burt Word Reading Test).
Rezultati: Na proceni fonološke svesnosti i čitanja pojedinačnih reči
na engleskom jeziku, deca sa razvojnim poremećajem koordinacije
pokazuju statistički značajne razlike u odnosu na decu bez ovih smetnji,
i ispodprosečna postignuća. Korelacionom analizom pojedinačnih
elemenata fonološke svesnosti srpskog jezika i čitanja pojedinačnih reči
na engleskom jeziku, kod dece bez smetnji u koordinaciji, se uočava veći
broj korelacija između elemenata fonološke svesnosti maternjeg jezika i
postignuća u čitanju reči na stranom jeziku. Za razliku od ove dece, kod
dece sa razvojnim poremećajem koordinacije se eliminacija fonema
izdvaja kao najznačajniji element fonologije, ostvarujući snažnu korelaciju
sa postignućima u čitanju reči na engleskom jeziku.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da deca sa razvojnim poremećajem
koordinacije pokazuju smetnje u fonološkoj obradi, ali i slabije čitanje na
engleskom jeziku, u odnosu na decu bez ove teškoće. Dobijeni rezultati
korelacione analize ukazuju na značajnost njenog razvoja u početnom
ovladavanju veštinom čitanja na novom jeziku.Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder is manifested by
difficulties in the planning and coordination of complex movements during
action, without previously diagnosed intellectual disability, neurological
or other sensory impairment. As a frequent disorder in school age
children, the relationship between weak phonological awareness in the
native language and reading in a foreign language in this group of children
has not been investigated before.
Aim: The aim was to determine the correlation between phonological
awareness of the Serbian language and initial reading in English in
children with developmental coordination disorder and children without
coordination difficulty.
Method: The sample consisted of 30 children with developmental
coordination disorder and 41 children without this disorder, aged from
9.0 to 10.6 years from Belgrade. The sample was matched by age.
The Developmental Coordination Questionnaire was used to assess
developmental coordination disorder. Phonological awareness was
assessed by the Phonological Awareness Test of the Serbian language.
The BURT Test was used for the assessment of word reading in English.
Results: Children with developmental coordination disorder showed below-
average achievements in phonological awareness and reading single words
in English. Correlation analysis of single aspects of phonological awareness
in the Serbian language and reading single words in English, in children
without coordination difficulties, shows a larger number of correlations
between elements of phonological awareness of the native language and
better word reading in a foreign language. In contrast, in children with
developmental coordination disorder, the elimination of phonemes stands
out as the most important element of phonology, achieving a strong
correlation with success of single word reading in English.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that children with developmental
coordination disorder show a phonological delay in their native language,
but also a low-level reading in English. The results of correlation analysis
indicate the importance of phonological development in the native
language for early reading in a new language
Morphosyntactic abilities in the elderly: a preliminary research
Get PDFUvod: Istraživanje jezičkih sposobnosti kod starih osoba značajno je za razumevanje normalnih i patoloških obrazaca jezičkog ponašanja. Prema empirijskim podacima, stare osobe bez neurološkog oštećenja ispoljavaju teškoće u pronalaženju sadržajnih reči i razumevanju jezika. Takođe se navode određene promene u oblasti sintaksičke strukture.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se procene morfosintaksičke sposobnosti kod starih osoba bez neurološkog oštećenja.
Metod: U istraživanju je učestvovalo ukupno 40 ispitanika. Eksperimentalnu grupu činilo je 20 starih osoba koje su bile podeljene u dve podgrupe. Prvu podgrupu činilo je 10 ispitanika iz kategorije rane starosti (65-75 godina), a drugu 10 ispitanika koji su prema godinama života pripadali kategorijama srednje i kasne starosti (preko 76 godina). Kontrolnu grupu sačinjavalo je 20 ispitanika srednjeg životnog doba (46-58 godina). Za prikupljanje podataka korišćen je Test morfosintaksičkih sposobnosti.
Rezultati: Primenom statističkih postupaka utvrđeno je da stariji ispitanici imaju značajno lošije morfosintaksičke sposobnosti u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu ispitanika (t=-4,271; df=38; p<0,001). Takođe je utvrđeno da ispitanici iz podgrupe rane starosti imaju značajno bolje morfosintaksičke sposobnosti u odnosu na ispitanike iz kategorije srednje i kasne starosti (t=2,965; df=18; p<0,01). Ispitivanjem povezanosti između godina starosti ispitanika i rezultata na testu pokazano je da sa starenjem dolazi do slabljenja morfosintaksičkih sposobnosti (r=-0,748; p<0,01).
Zaključak: Analizom dobijenih podataka pokazano je da morfosintaksičke sposobnosti opadaju s povećanjem godina života. Najbolje morfosintaksičke sposobnosti imali su ispitanici srednjeg životnog doba (kontrolna grupa), zatim ispitanici iz kategorije rane starosti, dok su najlošije sposobnosti pokazale osobe iz kategorije srednje i kasne starosti.Introduction: Research on language abilities among the elderly is essential for understanding normal and pathological patterns of language behaviour. According to empirical data, the elderly without neurological impairment exhibit content-word-finding difficulties and auditory language comprehension deficits. Certain changes in the area of the syntactic structure have also been showed.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate morphosyntactic abilities among the elderly without neurological impairment.
Method: A total of 40 respondents participated in the study. The experimental group consisted of 20 elderly persons who were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of 10 respondents from the category of young-old (65-75 years of age), and the second of 10 respondents who, according to age, belonged to the categories middle-old and oldest-old (over 76 years of age). The control group consisted of 20 middle-aged respondents (46-58 years of age). The Morphosyntactic Abilities Test was used for data collection.
Results: Using statistical procedures, it was found that elderly respondents had significantly worse morphosyntactic abilities than the control group of subjects (t=-4.271; df=38; p<.001). It was also found that respondents from the subgroup of young-old had significantly better morphosyntactic abilities than respondents from the category of middle-old and oldest-old (t=2.965; df=18; p<.01). Examination of the relationship between the age of the subjects and the test results showed that morphosyntactic abilities weaken with age (r=-.748; p<.01).
Conclusion: The analysis of the obtained data showed that morphosyntactic abilities decrease with age. Middle-aged respondents (control group) had the best morphosyntactic abilities, followed by the young-old category, while the category of middle-old and oldest-old demonstrated the poorest abilities
The Role of Personal and Environmental Factors in Autonomous Behaviour of People with Intellectual Disability
No full textStudies have indicated that the level of autonomy of people with intellectual disability is influenced by personal and environmental factors. The aims of this cross-sectional and correlational study were to determine a correlation between the level of autonomy in adults with intellectual disability, on the one hand, and specific personal and environmental factors, on the other hand, and to determine the predictors of the achieved level of autonomy. Adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (N = 128) completed self-report Autonomy subscale of The Arc’s Self-Determination Scale: Adult Version and the Choice Questionnaire. Their executive functions were assessed individually. Data on participants’ social skills were obtained from their caretakers using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale – Socialisation domain. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between participants’ level of autonomous behaviour and their age, social skills, availability of choice and executive functions. Significant independent predictors of the autonomy level were availability of choice, type of housing, gender and age of the participants. It is concluded that it is important to apply the procedures designed to develop the skills of independent decision-making as well as support the encouragement of independent housing.publishedVersionpeer‐reviewed version of the article:[http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4558
Indicators of successful rehabilitation of adolescents with addictive disorders and their families
Get PDFUvod: Lečenje adolescenata sa poremećajem zavisnosti i njihovih porodica zahteva stalnu evaluaciju sledećih komponenti terapijskog procesa: dijagno- ze, fleksibilnosti terapijskog pristupa u odnosu na konkretnu porodicu i toka terapijskog procesa u celini. Pored toga, evaluacija je potrebna i u procesu uspostavljanja terapijske predikcije postrehabilitacionog „uklapanja” i potpu- ne resocijalizacije adolescenata i njihovih porodica. Istraživanja pokazuju da je za uspešan rehabilitacioni proces neophodna promena na individualnom, roditeljskom, porodičnom, relacionom i socijalnom nivou funkcionisanja.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je analiza pokazatelja uspešnosti rehabilitacionog procesa na svim nivoima (individualnom, roditeljskom, porodičnom, relacionom i soci- jalnom), s obzirom na to da su ove kategorije praktično povezane i neodvojive, te da se i njihov međusobni uticaj kontinuirano terapijski potvrđuje.
Metod: U radu se koriste analiza i sinteza teorijskih i empirijskih nalaza kroz proučavanje relevantne literature u različitim naučnim izvorima podataka.
Rezultati: Individualni pokazatelji uspešnosti rehabilitacije se ogledaju u po- boljšanju zdravstvenog stanja adolescenta, poštovanju terapijskih pravila i zahteva na „duže staze”. Prema empirijskim podacima adolescent obogaćuje interpersonalne relacije, prihvata rekonstruisanu strukturu porodice, koriguje poziciju roditeljskog autoriteta. Kod roditelja dolazi do progresivne promene u tri pravca: ličnom domenu, roditeljskoj relaciji i promeni u odnosu prema adolescentu. Napeti, nestabilni odnosi u porodici ustupaju mesto pozitivnim emotivnim tendencama. Kako terapijski proces odmiče, uspostavlja se dijalog između mlađih i starijih članova porodice. Porodica definiše nove diskurse u kojima poziciju konstantne kritike menja u poziciju podrške i usvaja obrazac traženja rešenja. Na socijalnom nivou adolescent i porodica prevazilaze sti- gmu i socijalnu izolaciju i na terapijski i funkcionalan način obnavljaju reduko- vane socijalne veze.
Zaključak: Zaključna razmatranja ukazuju na to da su analiza i praćenje po- menutih pokazatelja rehabilitacije kompleksni procesi otežani varijabilnim intenzitetom. Stoga, temeljna evaluacija omogućava da se dobije realnija slika kretanja terapijskog procesa u celosti, kao i bolje razumevanje nepredvidivosti poremećaja zavisnosti.Introduction: Treatment of adolescents with addictive disorders and their families requires constant evaluation of the following components of the therapeutic process: diagnosis, flexibility of the therapeutic approach in relation to a specific family and the course of the therapeutic process as a whole. In addition, evaluation is needed in the process of establishing a therapeutic prediction of post-rehabilitation “fitting in” and complete resocialization of adolescents and their families. Research shows that a successful rehabilitation process requires change at the individual, parental, family, relational and social levels of functioning.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze the success indicators of the rehabilitation process at all levels (individual, parental, family, relational and social), given that these categories are practically connected and inseparable, and that their mutual influence is continuously confirmed therapeutically.
Method: The paper uses the analysis and synthesis of theoretical and empirical findings through the study of relevant literature in various scientific data sources.
Results: Individual indicators of rehabilitation success are reflected in the improvement of the adolescent’s health condition, respect for therapeutic rules and requirements in the “long run”. According to empirical data, the adolescent enriches interpersonal relations, accepts the reconstructed structure of the family, and corrects the position of parental authority. There is a progressive change in parents in three directions: personal domain, parental relationship and change in attitude towards the adolescent. Tense, unstable family relationships give way to positive emotional tendencies. As the therapeutic process progresses, a dialogue is established between younger and older family members. The family defines new discourses in which the position of constant criticism changes into a position of support and adopts a pattern of seeking solutions. At the social level, adolescents and families overcome stigma and social isolation and renew reduced social ties in a therapeutic and functional way.
Conclusion: Concluding remarks indicate that the analysis and monitoring of the mentioned rehabilitation indicators is a complex process complicated by variable intensity.
Therefore, a thorough evaluation enables getting a more realistic picture of the movement of the therapeutic process as a whole, as well as a better understanding of the unpredictability of addictive disorders
Exploring aspects of family functioning in subjects with epilepsy
Get PDFUvod: Način na koji osobe sa epilepsijom percipiraju svoje porodice igra važnu ulogu u celokupnom toku epilepsije.
Cilj: Primarni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati kako osobe sa epilepsijom opažaju funkcionisanje svojih porodica. Detaljnije, ispitivala se povezanost dužine tra- janja simptoma i porodičnih skala.
Metod: Uzorak su činila 22 pacijenta sa epileptičnim napadima. Radi dobijanja neophodnih podataka korišćena je modifikovana lista sociodemografskih poda- taka koja je sastavni deo upitnika FACES IV i Mek Masterov upitnik za proce- nu porodice (McMaster Family Assesment Device; FAD). FAD sadrži 60 pitanja, podeljenih u sedam skala: Rešavanje problema, Komunikacija, Uloge, Afektivna responzivnost, Afektivno uključivanje, Kontrola ponašanja i Opšte funkcionisanje.
Rezultati: Utvrđeno je da osobe sa epilepsijom opažaju porodično funkcionisa- nje kao disfunkcionalno na dimenziji Kontrola ponašanja (AS=2,08; SD=0,34; cut off skor=1,90). Muškarci percipiraju porodično funkcionisanje kao više disfunkcionalno u odnosu na žene na dve dimenzije porodičnog funkcionisa- nja – Komunikacija [t(20)=2,18; p<0,05; d=0,93] i Uloge [t(20)=2,77; p<0,05; d=1,18]. Pacijenti koji i dalje žive u primarnoj porodici percipiraju porodično funkcionisanje kao više disfunkcionalno na dimenziji Komunikacija, u odnosu na one koji su se odvojili od primarne porodice [t(20)=2,18; p<0,05; d=0,93].
Rezultati regresione analize pokazuju da skale Rešavanje problema, Afektivna responzivnost i Opšte funkcionisanje objašnjavaju 34,7% varijanse dužine tra- janja epileptičnih napada [R²=0,35; F(3,18)=3,19; p<0,05].
Zaključak: Istraživanje ističe značaj porodičnih varijabli i specifičnosti istih kod osoba sa epilepsijom, kao i važnost uključivanja cele porodice u proces lečenja pacijenta.Introduction: The way people with epilepsy perceive their families plays an important role in the overall course of epilepsy.
Aim: The primary goal of the study was to examine how people with epilepsy perceive the functioning of their families. The relationship between symptom duration and family scales was examined in more detail.
Method: The sample consisted of 22 patients with epileptic seizures. To obtain the necessary data, a modified list of socio-demographic data was used, which is an integral part of the FACES IV questionnaire and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. The Family Assessment Device contains 60 questions, divided into seven scales: Problem Solving, Communication, Roles, Affective Responsibility, Affective Involvement, Behaviour Control, and General Functioning.
Results: It was found that people with epilepsy perceived family functioning as dysfunctional on the Behaviour Control dimension (M=2.08; SD=.34; cut off score=1.90). Men perceived family functioning as more dysfunctional than women in two dimensions of family functioning – Communication [t(20)=2.18; p<.05; d=.93] and Roles [t(20)=2.77, p<.05, d=1.18].Patients still living in the primary family perceived family functioning as more dysfunctional in the Communication dimension, compared to those who separated from the primary family [t(20)=2.18; p<.05; d=.93]. The results of regression analysis show that the scales Problem Solving, Affective Responsiveness and General Functioning explain 34.7% of the variance in the duration of epileptic seizures [R²=.35; F(3,18) =3.19; p<.05].
Conclusion: The research emphasizes the importance of family variables and their specificity in people with epilepsy, as well as the importance of including the whole family in the process of treating the patient
Quality of students writing in regard to the literacy phase
Get PDFUvod: Pisanje je kompleksan proces na koji utiče niz subjektivnih i objektivnih faktora. Veštinama pisanja deca ovaladavaju u mlađim razredima osnovne škole. U prvom i drugom razredu ovladavaju činom pisanja i uglavnom su usredsređena na reprodukovanje grafomotornog niza (kaligrafska faza), a to- kom trećeg i četvrtog razreda dolazi do individualizacije rukopisa.
Cilj: Cilj ove studije jeste da se utvrdi da li postoji povezanost između faze opi- smenjavanja i kvaliteta pisanja učenika koji tek ovladavaju činom pisanja i onih učenika koji su pisanjem već ovladali.
Metod: Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2016. godine u osam beogradskih osnovnih škola, na uzorku od 1156 učenika prvog ciklusa osnovnog obrazo- vanja i vaspitanja, 603 učenika prvog i drugog razreda i 553 trećeg i četvr- tog razreda. Za procenu brzine pisanja i čitljivosti napisanog teksta korišćen je Protokol za procenu sposobnosti pisanja (The McMaster Handwriting Assessment Protocol – 2nd edition).
Rezultati: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da postoji statistič- ki značajna razlika u brzini pisanja (p=,000) među učenicima koji se nalaze u početnoj fazi opismenjavanja i učenika koji su pisanjem već ovladali. Međutim, uočava se da se broj učenika čija je brzina pisanja ispod norme definisane za svaki razred, a koja ukazuje na postojanje teškoća u pisanju, javlja s jedna- kom učestalošću među učenicima koji ovladavaju činom pisanja i učenika koji su pisanjem već ovladali. Analizom čitljivosti napisnog teksta kod dve grupe ispitanika uočava se da se prikazane sume indikatora koje ukazuju na postoja- nje teškoća u pisanju javljaju s jednakom učestalošću i da među njima u tom pogledu nema uočljivih razlika. Samim tim, ne beleži se povezanost teškoća u pisanju s fazom opismenjavanja, pri čemu su teškoće u pisanju prisutne kod 10,9% učenika koji tek ovladavaju pisanjem i 9,4% učenika koji su pisanjem već ovladali.
Zaključak: Kako dobijeni rezultati pokazuju de se teškoće u pisanju javljaju nezavisno od razreda koji učenici pohađaju i faze opismenjavanja, posebna pažnja u organizovanju obrazovno-vaspitnog rada mora se posvetiti pružanju dodatne podrške i uključivanju u stimulativno-defektološki tretman učenika koji se tokom osnovnoškolskog perioda suočavaju sa teškoćama u pisanju, bez obzira na uzrast kada se teškoće detektuju.ntroduction: Writing is a complex process that is influenced by subjective and objective factors. Children master writing skills in the younger grades of elementary school. In the first and second grade, they master the act of writing and are mainly focused on the reproduction of the graphomotor sequence (calligraphic phase), and during the third and fourth grade, the handwriting is individualized.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a connection between the literacy phase and the quality of writing of students who are just mastering the act of writing and those students who have already mastered writing.
Method: The research was conducted in 2016 in eight Belgrade elementary schools, on a sample of 1156 students in the first cycle of elementary education, 603 students in the first and second grade and 553 in the third and fourth grade. The McMaster Handwriting Assessment Protocol – 2nd edition was used to assess the speed of writing and the legibility of the written text.
Results: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in writing speed (p=.000) between students who are in the initial phase of literacy and students who have already mastered writing. However, it is noticed that the number of students whose writing speed is below the norm defined for each grade, and which indicates the existence of difficulties in writing, occurs with equal frequency among students who master the act of writing and students who have already mastered writing.
The analysis of the legibility of the written text in two groups of respondents shows that the presented sums of indicators that indicate the existence of difficulties in writing occur with equal frequency and that there are no noticeable differences between them in this regard.
Therefore, there is no connection between writing difficulties and the literacy phase, with writing difficulties present in 10.9% of students who are just mastering writing and 9.4% of students who have already mastered writing.
Conclusion: As the obtained results show that difficulties in writing occur regardless of the grade that students attend and the literacy phase, special attention in organizing educational work must be paid to providing additional support and inclusion in the stimulative treatment of a special educator for students who face writing difficulties during elementary school, regardless of the age at which the difficulties are detected