Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
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Effect and Toxicity of Methanolic Extract of Brassice Pleracea on Body Weight of Rabbits
No full textObjective: To evaluate the effect and toxicity of methanolic extract of Brassica Oleracea var. capitata on bodyweight of rabbits.Materials And Methods: This experimental study was conductedon14 healthy white rabbits of either sex atdepartment of pharmacology, faculty of pharmacy, university of Karachi in 2011. All animals were equally dividedin two groups i.e. control and test group .Test group received methanolic extract of Brassica Oleracea in aconcentration of 100 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days (4 weeks) through oral route once daily. While controlgroup received normal saline 1ml/day equivalent to volume of dose given to test animals. Gross toxicity wasobserved during whole period in animals of both groups. Body weight of animals was recorded weekly on weighingmachine.Results: The animals who received methanolic extract of Brassica Oleracea in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weightshowed significantdecrease in mean body weight of (1783+2.4)as compared to control animals (1957+4.92).Difference in mean body weight recorded on day 31 (at the end of 4 weeks) was 46gm as compared to animals ofcontrol group where decline was only1 gm. While the percent decrease in mean body weight was found to be (3%)as compared to control animals (0%).Features of gross toxicity such as loss of hair, change in hair color,aggressiveness in behavior, diarrhea, and haematuria, were not found in animals of both groups during wholeexperimental period.Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Brassica Oleracea exhibited weight reducing effect in rabbits without any grosstoxicity
Awareness Regarding HIV AIDS Among Non Medical u niversity Students (Mehroash Irshad,Muhammad Javaid,Maryum Irshad,Nudrat Jahan,Sehar Javaid,Arisha Qawal,Aqsa Iqbal,Nadia Khalid)
No full textObjectives: To assess the awareness regarding HIV-AIDS among non medical students.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional Institute based study was conducted by the fourth yearmedical students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi as their assigned project in the subjectof Community Health Sciences. The study was carried out among non-medical students of NUST, NED and BahriaUniversity, Karachi from Jan 2013 – June 2013. A five question, knowledge based questionnaire developed fromCarey and Schroder was used to assess the awareness of the students regarding HIV-AIDS. Convenient samplingtechnique was used for selecting the participants. After verbal informed consent 105students participated in thestudy. Five questionnaire forms were excluded due to incomplete filling.Results: A total of 133 students were approached and 105 (79%) responded that they were aware of the term HIVAIDS.100 students completely filled out the proforma and out of these only39% responded that they knew therelationship of HIV positive and having AIDS. 90% responded in favor of sexual contact as the main mode oftransmission. Homosexuals were regarded to be the highest risk group (71%) for having HIV-AIDS by the students.Regarding preventive measures highest response (50%) came in favor of commercial sex control.Conclusions: Assessment of awareness regarding HIV-AIDS among non medical students was found to be deficientin context to relationship of HIV positive and having AIDS, mode of transmission, high risk group, and preventiveand control measures
A Rare Case of the Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of urinary Bladder (Anis Hussain Jafri,Aziz Abdullah, Saba Jamal)
No full textSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder (SCCB) is a rare, prevalent in males, highly aggressivecarcinoma being diagnosed usually at advanced stages. The origin of the disease is unknown; however themultipotent stem cell theory applies best to this case. Histology and immune histochemistry shows a tumor which isindistinguishable from small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We report a case of SCCB in a 70 year old female whopresented with history of recurrent urinary tract infections and hematuria for six months. CT scan showed a largemass in bladder, infiltrating muscle along the left lateral wall with no extra-vesical extension. Cystoscopy revealed amuscle invasive mass protruding into the bladder lumen, extending from 3-5 o’clock. Initial histopathology showedpoorly differentiated urothelial neoplasm. She underwent an uneventful radical cystectomy with urinar
Compliance and Association of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Bundle Strategy With Ventilator Associated Pneumonia rate: A Saudi Experience
Get PDFObjectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and compliance of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia(VAP) care bundle in local setting at Erfan & Bagedo General hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
Materials and Methods: The study was a Quasi experimental before and after observation type of study, in which VAP care bundle was implemented to the ventilated patients without any control group. It was conducted from February 2010 to January 2011.
Results: Out of a total of 3011 patient ventilator days, 18 patient developed VAP. Number of VAP care bundle implementation increased from 42 (17.36%) in February 2010 to 315 (91.8%) in October 2010. However the implementation rate was 100% during November, December 2010 and January 2011. VAP rate dropped from 8.85/1000 ventilator days in February 2010 to 3.15 in January 2011.
Conclusion: There was a strong negative correlation between proportion of implementation of VAP care bundle and VAP rate (r= - 0.534 p value=0.037 for one tailed test). Adopting VAP care bundle approach may help in reducing the morbidity and mortality in the ventilated patients
Self-Medication Practice Among the General Community Of An Urban Squatter Settlement Near PNS Shifa Karachi
Get PDFObjective: To assess the frequencyof self-medication amongst the residents of urban squatter settlement near PNS Shifa Karachiand to assess the factors leading to this practice.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the city of Karachi. The subjects were the community in general. A total of 60 subjects were enrolled and were either interviewed face-to-face or were asked to fill out the questionnaire relating to their self-medication practice.
Results: Out of 60 subjects, 38 (63.3%) preferred the practice of self-medication. Minor ailment was the main reason for self-medication, 27 (45%) subjects responded headache as the most common reason and paracetamol was the most frequently used drug for self medication. It was used by 44(73.3%) of the subjects
Conclusion: The practice of self medication is high in the community and there is a need to develop awareness of self-medication practice in the public along with restrictions for the pharmacies providing drugs without prescription
Sertoli-Leydig Cell -A Rare Male Hormone Producing Ovarian Tumor
Get PDFSertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) of ovary is an unusual neoplasm that belongs to a group of sex cord-stromal tumors of ovary. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. We report a case of primary intermediate ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) involving the left ovary in a 32-year-old nulliparous woman who presented with history of secondary amenorrhea for 8 months, hirsutism, and voice change
Tobacco Consumption and the Menace of Oral Cancer in Karachi (Mohammad Mohiuddin Alamgir)
Get PDFOral cancer is among the leading cancer type in South Central Asian men. In India, oral cancer isthe leading cancer type among men and third most common cancer among women1 Oralprecancerous lesions (PCLs) such as leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis have a variablyreported incidence from 0.4% to 24% from different parts of the world with a transformation rateof 2–12% to frank malignancies.2 In Pakistan, cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx are amongstthe commonest type of cance
Dengue Fever Cause for Concen
No full textDengue virus is an endemic disease which has great public health significance in terms ofmorbidity and mortality. The disease has recently had major epidemics in most tropical and subtropical areas with an estimated 50 to 100 million cases of Dengue fever and about half a millioncases of Dengue hemorrhagic /Dengue shock syndrome worldwide every year, Dengue is nowrecognized as one of the major public health concerns globall
Print And Electronic Media: Cause Of Depression
Get PDFObjective: To assess depression in normal people and associate it with print and electronic media of Pakistan.
Methodology: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional and conducted from July to November 2011. Three hundred and twenty men and women, with age range of 20-70 years were included in study following informed consent. A structured questionnaire with five items of Yes and No category relating media to depression was used. To assess the severity of depression Zung self –rating depression scale was used. Subjects with score of 80-90 were excluded as this score is of clinical depression. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 13.0. Pearson Chi-square was applied with p<0.01 considered statistically significant.
Results: Depression was seen in 55 % of subjects on reading newspaper. Watching television caused depression in 59.7% (p<0001). In 68% subjects daily routine life was disturbed (p<0.01). The highest rate of depression 32.6% was due to watching political news, while 28.3 % were by photographs and visuals of dead bodies and 24.6% by news of terrorism. Prevalence of mildly and moderately depressed individuals was 56.3 % and 15.8% respectively.
Conclusion: Reading newspaper and watching television causes depression. The content of news on media in particular leads to depression
Correlation Of Hematocrit And Hemoglobin With Obesity, Serum Lipids And Aldosterone In Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients
Get PDFTo determine the relationship of obesity indicators with certain hemodynamic and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, at the initial diagnosisof hypertension in a random population, in search of a treatable causeMethods: A case control study was conducted on 201 subjects aged between 25-60 years, diagnosed primarily as prehypertensive or hypertensive stage Iand II , selected from five general practitioners clinics in Karachi. Estimated of hematocrit, hemoglobin, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, serumpotassium level and aldosterone was done. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were calculated by measuring body weight, height, waist and hipcircumference. The values obtained were compared with 75 controls with normal blood pressure.The mean and standard deviation were computed. Analysis was done by SPSS version 15.LSD test was applied to compare pair-wise group. Pearson’scorrelation was applied to find out association of different variables with one another, within each of the four groupsResults: The overall percentages of overweight and obese subjects were higher in all four groups. The mean hematocrit and hemoglobin levels werehighest in HTN stage –I (44.7±5.25 and15.4±2.20 respectively). Hemoglobin was strongly correlated to systolic blood pressure and waist hip ratio in bothhypertension stages-I and II (p<0.01). Whereas hematocrit was positively correlated to body mass index, triglycerides, serum potassium and aldosteronelevels in both stages of hypertension (p<0.01)Conclusion: High hematocrit, hemoglobin, triglyceride levels, visceral fat accumulation and aldosterone secretion are important and independent riskfactors for hypertension