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Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis use in traumatic brain injury patients in tropical climate
Get PDFDeep Vein Trombosis (DVT) is one of the extracranial complications after TBI. Prophylaxis DVT using on TBI reduce incidence and mortality. Climate variants of an area affect the risk of DVT. UV ray increasing synthesis of vitamin D and lowering risk of thrombus fomation. A systematic review and meta-analysis we performed according PRISMA guidelines. A through literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane database. Total 3 publications match study criteria with 178 samples, without 144 samples and 34 samples with prophylaxis. The overall incidence is 5% (0-6.8%), without 6.25% (5.3-6.8%) and with prophylaxis 0%. No reported complications and 100% survival rate. The incidence of DVT in TBI in tropical climate is low on average 5% (0-6.8%). There was no difference in the outcome of DVT in TBI in tropical climate which given and without DVT prophylaxis. Asian races ethnic protective factor and UV ray exposure may contributed to the low of incidence rate. Prevention of DVT is still recommended for the use of prophylaxis, mechanical compression and early mobilization in cases of TBI to prevent the occurrence of DVT
Signs and symptoms of depression in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A case report
Get PDFDepression is a fundamental disorder characterized by changes in mood or affect toward depression with or without anxiety. Depression is a state of mental disorder characterized by three main symptoms and seven additional symptoms. Diabetes Mellitus Type-1 (T1DM) is a systemic disorder caused by impaired glucose metabolism, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Depression is common in patients with T1DM. In this case report, a 13-year-old girl was consulted because she looks sad. A feeling of sadness has been felt for 3 months and has been getting worse since a week ago, which was initially because of T1DM. Patients usually work at home and carry out daily activities as usual. Currently, the patient has no desire and gets tired easily, especially when doing usual activities, thinking the pain will get worse and thinking that she can't recover. Complaints are felt throughout the day and worsen at night, especially before bed or when alone. The patient feels that she is useless and his future is bleak. During pregnancy, the patient's mother routinely checks with the midwife and gets complete immunizations. The patient was born vaginally and cried spontaneously. The patient also received complete basic immunization
Other mental disorders YDT due to brain damage and dysfunction and physical disease in patients with anti-NMDA encephalitis: Case report
Get PDFAutoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is considered one of the most common causes of acute noninfectious encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis is usually of acute or subacute onset and may become chronic later. Suggested mechanisms that may trigger AIE include tumor (paraneoplastic), infection (parainfection) or may be cryptogenic. Autoimmune encephalitis has a wide range of clinical manifestations including behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, autonomic disorders, movement disorders and seizures. In this Case Report 13 year old boy, Hindu, Balinese, currently attending junior high school, unmarried, student. The patient was consulted to the psychiatry department while in the Cempaka room because he looked restless and confused. The patient experienced mood swings in the form of an unstable mood, accompanied by irritability, difficulty calming down, feeling uncomfortable, disturbed sleep, and decreased appetite after the patient underwent treatment at the hospital since last February. On physical examination, physical status was found within normal limits, nutritional status was good, and general status was within normal limits. Examination of psychiatric status found an unnatural appearance that looked confused and uncomfortable, verbal and visual contact was lacking, clear consciousness, mood and affect were labile, in thought processes there was preoccupation with the disease, in perception there were visual hallucinations
Relationship levels of knowledge, attitude, behavior, and school support in anemia students
Get PDFAnemia is a health problem that often occurs in young women. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and school support with anemia in female students. The study was conducted on students in 2 State Junior High Schools in Sorong Regency as many as 71 respondents of this type of research were observational with a cross-sectional approach. The instruments used are questionnaires and Hb examinations using the GCHb easy touch tool. The results of statistical tests were obtained there was a relationship between knowledge level and anemia (? = 0.000), there was a relationship between attitudes with anemia (? = 0.002), there was a relationship between behavior and anemia (? = 0.003), there was no relationship between school support and anemia (? = 0.565. Increasing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors can be done by providing material in the form of knowledge that schools can use in collaboration with the Sorong Regency Health Office, as well as support from families and communities
Clinicopathological profile of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Get PDFClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer with aggressive behavior. Tumor stage and grade are important parameter in diagnosis. Data about the clinical and pathology profile of ccRCC in Indonesia is limited, therefore further information is needed. The study aimed to determine clinicopathologic profile of ccRCC in Soetomo Academic General Hospital (SAGH). This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively with cross-sectional approach. Clinical and histopathological archives of ccRCC specimen were retrieved during January 2016 to December 2020. The total number of ccRCC cases obtained was 38 cases, the most cases (11) occurred in 2016. The average of patient’s age was 55.64 years. Patients were predominantly male (71.1%), with a ratio to female 2.5:1. The tumors mostly filled the entire kidney, in 15 (39.5%) cases. Most pT stage distribution was pT2, in 15 (39.5%) cases. Most N stage distribution was N0, in 23 (60.5%) cases. Only 5 (13.2%) cases showed multiple pulmonary nodules which suspected to be metastatic (M1). The most common tumors grade was G4, in 17 (44.7%) cases. In conclusion, ccRCC patient were predominantly male, tumors mostly high grade, filled entire kidney, not penetrated renal capsule, and not metastasize to regional lymph nodes
The change of BDNF expression in traumatic brain injury after Kaempferia galanga L. administration: An experimental study
Get PDFBDNF has potent effects on neural synapses and its pathway affects cell survival and other biological processes. Kaempferia galanga L. has many active substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We analyzes BDNF in four different group of Wistar rats (Ratus novergicus) into Groups A (no trauma & extract), B (with trauma & no extract), C (with trauma and 600 mg/kgbw extract), and D (with trauma and 1200 mg/kgbw extract). Groups B, C, and D are further divided into those who had their BDNF measured on 24- (B24, C24, and D24) and 48-hours. BDNF expression were found to be statistically significant between Group A with both B24 (p = 0,009) and D24 (p = 0,009) on the 24-hour post-trauma decapitation analysis. On the 48 hours after trauma and extract administration, Group B48 (p = 0,002), C48 (p = <0,001), and D48 (p <0,001) were found to be significantly different with Group A. The administration of Kaempferia galanga L. extract can be considered as an option in increasing brain BDNF levels which are neuroprotective. Larger and specific studies are needed to determine the appropriate dose and duration
Current update on stroke ischemic management: Stem cell as emerging therapy
Get PDFStroke is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with survivors subjected to long-term disability. Stroke is classified as ischemic and hemorrhagic. 87 % of strokes are classified as ischemic. Except for thrombolytic therapy, there is no established treatment to reduce the neurological deficits caused by an ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies designed to improve neurological functions after ischemic stroke. Stem cell-based therapies aim to promote neurogenesis and replacement of lost neurons or protect surviving neurons to improve neurological recovery. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which the stem cells exert their beneficial effect could potentially revolutionize the field. The next decade of stem cell research in stroke needs to focus on. Although still in need of exploration, stem cell treatments for stroke may offer ways to protect and replace neurons to improve outcomes for stroke patients
Autograft and implant cranioplasty in pediatric patients
Get PDFThe use of implants in pediatric cranioplasty is still debatable. Many surgeons prefer to use autologous bone grafts than implants due to previous concerns that implants have a higher risk of infection, allergic response, and are not biocompatible as an autologous bone graft. However, recent studies showed that several implant materials have a similar infection rate following cranioplasty or might be lower compared to autologous bone. Moreover, several studies also reported a high rate of bone flap resorption in autograft cranioplasty, particularly in patients below the age of 8 years, thus requiring revision surgery with an implant as a substitute in most cases. Implant materials also have advantages in several conditions that make them more suitable than autologous bone grafts. This literature review is expected to give information about the type of implant materials that can be used as an alternative to substitute autologous bone grafts in certain conditions
Early detection of high risk of pregnant women in Asia
Get PDFThis research is a Scoping Review. This study aims to map research on the early detection of high-risk pregnant women. The research method used is to adapt the Prisma-ScR framework. PubMed Database, Scientific direct and Google Scholar; critical appraisal carried out in this review is to use the Joana Brigs checklist from the Joana Brigs Institute (JBI). Results: based on the search results of 541 there were 10 articles that matched the inclusion criteria and came from the Asian continent. This review raises two sub-themes, namely early detection of high-risk pregnant women by health workers and early detection of high-risk pregnant women by non-health workers. The results showed that early detection of high-risk pregnancies was related to activities to obtain information about pregnant women who were detected as at-risk populations. This can only be detected by health workers scientifically.
Exclusive breastfeeding in family with early marriage
Get PDFBackground: Breast milk is the best nutrient for infant, providing everything the babies need to survive and drink plenty of fluids during the first six months and that is perfect combination of various nutrients. Besides that, breast milk is the best way to reduce infant morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, which often affect toddlers in developing countries who are not getting the appropriate developmental nutrition. Meanwhile, the level of national initiation is checked according to mother’s age. Young mother (< 19 years old) tends to rarely breastfeed (83.6 percent) compared with the older one (88.5 percent- 92.7 percent). Therefore, the scoping review aims to explore the description about exclusive breastfeeding on mother with early marriage. Method: the method of this scoping review used Arksey & O’Malley framework consisting of five stages such as identifying scoping review question by framework PEOs; identifying relevant article through relevant database, such as Pubmed, Proquest, ScienceDirect and finding Grey literature through Google Scholar; selecting the article with Prism Flowchart that is used to draw the article search flow, doing critical appraisal to assess the quality of article; doing data charting