International journal of health & medical sciences
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The effect of turmeric tamarind drink on pain scale changes in 12th grade female students at Fahd Islamic School Health Vocational High School with primary dysmenorrhea
Get PDFEach woman experiences menstruation differently. Some undergo menstruation without complaints, while others face discomfort, including dysmenorrhea. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects were divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group, with both groups undergoing pretest and posttest evaluations. The data collection was conducted at SMK Kesehatan Fahd Islamic School during the 2023 period. A total of 32 female students participated in the study, with 16 students assigned to the treatment group and 16 to the control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instruments included a general data sheet and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain measurement. The general data sheet contained information such as age, age at menarche, menstrual dates, duration of menstruation, menstrual pain, pain duration, family health history, and therapies used. The reliability test results showed a coefficient of 0.820 for the knowledge questionnaire and 0.785 for the attitude questionnaire, indicating that the instruments were reliable. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (p ? 0.05) with SPSS 16 software at a significance level of ? = 0.05. 
Behavioral anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Get PDFIntroduction: Depression is a major public health problem, with existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments not equally effective in all patients. The complex etiology and pathogenesis of depression pose a challenge that requires different approach strategies to effectively alleviate this mental symptom. Anhedonia, or loss of interest and pleasure in commonly enjoyed activities, is one of the main diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in the psychiatric diagnostic systems of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD). Major depressive disorder indicates a depressive condition that does not solely rely on reports of sad mood but the presence of anhedonia behavior. The review of these studies aims to determine changes in anhedonia behavior in depressive disorders. Methods: This research review was prepared using the literature review method by collecting valid scientific literature, namely Google Scholar, PubMed and Scientific Direct. Discussion: Anhedonia behavior is related to several factors, including social interaction is the most complex and ambiguous human environment. Hence the existence of rules that are fraught with misunderstandings. It requires complex examination to determine exactly what the rewarding components of social interaction are
Parenting models, spirituality and personality disorders in adolescence: A literature review
Get PDFRecently, many patients have been diagnosed with personality disorders. Personality disorders are often the underlying factor of other mental disorders. Personality disorders can coexist with other mental disorders, leading to worse outcomes. Personality disorders occur due to multifactorial factors, and one of them that is considered to play a role is parenting style and spirituality.This article contains a literature review from various literatures to analyze parenting styles, spirituality and personality disorders.Authoritative parenting develops high self-esteem, social competence, adaptive coping mechanisms, and healthy personality traits, so that the risk of developing Personality Disorder is low. Authoritarian parenting has a risk of developing PD that features rigidity, obedience, inflexible behavior patterns, and aggression such as Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Children who are raised permissively have a higher risk of being impulsive and emotionally unstable, such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Neglected parenting triggers emotional detachment, schizoid and antisocial personality disorders. Spirituality has a significant impact on mental health, as a protective factor against personality disorders. Religion and spirituality improve mental health by strengthening religious coping, support, belief. Parenting styles, spirituality and personality disorders is complex and varied. 
Association between microcytic-hypochromic anemia and simple febrile seizure in children
Get PDFAims: This research aims to assess the impact of microcytic-hypochromic anemia on first febrile seizures in children, given its high incidence in developed countries like Indonesia. Settings and Design: This study was conducted in a regional general hospital setting. Methods and Material: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study including 50 patients aged 6 months to 5 years old over 14 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Controls were the age and sex-matched febrile children without accompanying seizures, and the case group admitted with a first simple febrile seizure. Both case and control groups were normal in growth. To provide 95% confidence and 80% power in statistical analysis, a sample size of 25 for each group was calculated. Data including age, gender, body temperature, seizure characteristics, family history of febrile seizure, and laboratory findings consisting of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were recorded. Anemia is defined as having hemoglobin level of less than 10.5 g/dl in children aged 6 months to 2 years old and less than 11.5 g/dl in 2 to 6-year-old patients
Aspects of immunology and management of post-splenectomy patients
Get PDFThe spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body and plays an important role in fighting infection. It works to remove micro-organisms and their products circulating within the bloodstream and produce antibodies to enhance the immune response. The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ that performs vital haematological and immunological functions. It maintains both innate and adaptive immunity and protects the body from microbial infections. Splenectomy is associated with an impairment in immunoglobulin production, antibody-mediated clearance, and phagocytosis leading to an increased risk of infection and sepsis. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is a syndrome of fulminant sepsis occurring in splenectomized (asplenic) individuals that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early identification of the at-risk patient, early blood cultures before antibiotic administration, and sepsis bundles should be utilized in these patients. Prompt management and aggressive treatment can alter the course of disease in the at-risk splenectomized patient. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection can be prevented through vaccination and patient education
Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis by microscopic examination and gene expert in a suspected patient with pulmonary tuberculosis disease, in Dili City, East Timor
Get PDFTuberculosis is one of the most dangerous and deadly diseases, so control is needed to reduce the transmission rate of TB disease and mortality among the community, so the gene method is very appropriate to be able to help in diagnosing TB. Acid-resistant bacilli are bacteria that have a very thick lipid content so that the staining cannot be affected by other dye reactions, except by using phenol and through the heating process. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a cell wall consisting of a waxy coating and mycolic acid; therefore, these bacteria can only color with BTA. Mycbakterium Tuberculosis can maintain the first color, namely Carbun Fuchin, and fight decolorization with alcoholic acid, so this bacterium is called an acid-resistant bacillus. The right examination method to diagnose TB disease is necessary to be able to follow the appropriate treatment so as to reduce transmission and death rates due to TB disease. The aim of this research is to analyze the difference in examination results using microscopes and Gene Xpert machines in Dili district in suspected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Psychiatric considerations of multiple sclerosis
Get PDFMultiple sclerosis is a degenerative neuroinflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. A correct differential diagnosis is crucial for the management of pathology and there are specific diagnostic methods. This study presents the case of a 53-year-old patient diagnosed with Strumpell-Lorrain disease resistant to psychopharmacological treatment for depression and anxiety who, after the change of diagnosis and therapy to multiple sclerosis, showed clinical improvement in psychiatric symptoms
Poor parenting patterns in patients with mental behavioral disorders due to stimulant use: A case report
Get PDFA 23-year-old male was admitted to Ngoerah Hospital with a chief complaint is not being able to sleep began 3 days ago. Sometimes laughs and is expressive during history taking. His complaints of not being able to sleep started 3 days ago when he stopped using methamphetamine because he felt he was getting methamphetamine of low quality. He is nauseous, vomiting has body aches, has no appetite, and is drowsy but has difficulty sleeping. Physical examination is within normal limits. The patient wants to stop using methamphetamine. He has been using methamphetamine since junior high school in 2018, he got to know methamphetamine from junior high school friends. The patient wanted to stop because he felt traumatized by the negative effects of his latest use of methamphetamine. The patient's father is a civil servant and his mother is a midwife at Wangaya Regional Hospital. The patient experiences mental disorders in the form of mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of other stimulants including caffeine. This disorder is caused by the interaction of various factors, resulting in psychiatric symptoms—psychological factors from parenting factors. Father is said to be a strict person. 
Knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection and attitudes towards hepatitis b virus vaccination among students of the faculty of medicine and health sciences at the National University of Timor-Lorosae
Get PDFTimor-Leste is a high HBV endemicity area with a prevalence of 12.4%. So far there have been no reports of hepatitis B incidence in Timor-Leste in the latest data collection at hospitals in Timor-Leste. HBV infection is most commonly found at the age of 20 to 35 years with different incidence in men and women. For this reason, it is considered necessary to conduct research on the knowledge and attitudes of students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the National University of Timor-Lorosae (UNTL) and the differences between male and female students. This study used a cross-sectional design with quantitative methods. The research sample was 169 students of the seventh semester of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Nacional Timor-Lorosae who were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The research measurement tool is a questionnaire divided into three parts, namely questionnaires about demographic characteristics, knowledge about HBV infection, and attitudes towards HBV vaccination. 
The relationship between anemia and pneumonia severity in children aged 29 days to 5 years
Get PDFBackground: Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma and is a leading cause of death among children under five worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that 15% of all under-five deaths are due to pneumonia, with a prevalence of 3.55% in Indonesia. Anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia, is also a common health issue among children and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Anemia is believed to increase the risk and worsen the severity of pneumonia due to hypoxia and impaired immune function. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Waikabubak General Hospital, West Sumba, on children aged 29 days to 5 years who were hospitalized with pneumonia from January 2022 to December 2023. Pneumonia was defined based on WHO criteria. Anemia was defined as blood hemoglobin levels <11 mg/dL. Exclusion criteria included other conditions that might affect the study results. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test to assess the relationship between anemia and pneumonia severity. Results: Of the 399 subjects meeting the criteria, 57.9% were male and 42.1% female. A total of 61.9% were diagnosed with mild to moderate pneumonia, and 38.1% were diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Most subjects (55.8%) had anemia.