International journal of linguistics, literature and culture
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Sanskrit: Loss of the language of love
Get PDFThe appearance of modern Indian languages marks the transition from the ancient to the middle ages in Indian History. They became the media of literature and the instruments of medieval thought. It is true that Sanskrit continued to be cultivated but with the downfall of Hindu principalities and the drying up of the sources of patronage, its importance rapidly diminished. It now became the language of orthodox religious literature and of philosophy but the days of its glory seems to be over. The cultural waves which began to sweep the country from the 12th century onwards left the rivers of Sanskrit dry and flowed through new ways. In spite of all setbacks, Sanskrit still commands the homage of the people and exercised a deep influence over the growth of new languages and literature but for the expression of living experience and thought its usefulness had ceased. Its Apabrahmsha form took over the lead gradually
Women empowerment in India
Get PDFWomen empowerment has been the subject matter of concern for decades in all countries of the world. India with specific reference has been subject to greater inequality with women empowerment being a distant dream even today in certain parts of the country. The paper is an attempt to highlight the significance of women empowerment for a nation. The current scenario prevalent with regard to women empowerment on various spheres in the country has been highlighted with various measures and the challenges for the same have been noted. The paper concludes that more micro-level assessment of women empowerment has to be done in India to make the various measures and schemes of the government more meaningful and help achieve gender equality
Cultural hegemony at novel Merpati Kembar di Lombok (twin pigeons in Lombok) by Nuriadi: Hegemony analysis of Antonio Gramsci
Get PDFThe recent research is related to the cultural hegemony which is contained within the novel Merpati Kembar di Lombok written by Nuriadi. The problems to be studied are the form of cultural hegemony which is contained within the novel Merpati Kembar di Lombok written by Nuriadi. Then the objectives of this research are describing the form of cultural hegemony. This is a descriptive qualitative research. Documentary method and note-taking technique are applied during data collection. Meanwhile, data analysis is conducted by applying the theory of hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramsci with several steps to follow such as data identification, data reduction, data analysis, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Then, the results of data analysis are: the form of cultural hegemony committed by the noble group/society within the novel Merpati Kembar di Lombok is categorized into two levels namely declining hegemony and minimum hegemony
Deceptive similarities between British English and Cameroon Pidgin English: A lexico-semantic investigation
Get PDFCameroon Pidgin English has a large stock of words from the English Language, French, Portuguese and Cameroonian local languages. This is as a result of the various historical contacts and economic interactions with these languages. It should, however, be noted that among all these donor languages, the English language tends to be the main lexifier. More than 60% of the words in Cameroon Pidgin English are actually from the English language. English is, therefore, the status language to Cameroon Pidgin English. The heavy presence of English words in Cameroon Pidgin English has always given the impression that it is difficult to draw a neat line between the two. This paper set out to verify the authenticity of this assumption. The results revealed that although a word used both languages look alike in form, the meaning in Cameroon Pidgin English has witnessed significant semantic adjustments from what is conceptually recognized in British English usage. The paper went further to suggest reasons for this phenomenon
Identification of Anggah-ungguh Kruna Balinese language
Get PDFBalinese language is one of the regional languages in Indonesia that has a unique talk system, it is still alive and used as an instrument of communication of Balinese tribe so that it should be well maintained in order to still exist as a cultural vehicle of Bali. The Balinese language has anggah-ungguh kruna (level-word) that an important role in the formation of speech-level or anggah-ungguh basa Bali. This paper aims to describe the identification anggah-ungguh kruna (word level arrangement) which is the specific feature of speaking Balinese. This research is a qualitative research discuss with structuralism theory. Data collection was done by observation and interview method, assisted by recording technique. The collected data is processed by analytical descriptive method. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be described that anggah-ungguh kruna basa Bali include: (1) kruna nenten alus (kruna kasar, mider, and andap); (2) kruna alus, include: (kruna alus singgih, alus sor, alus mider, and alus madia)
Form, functions, and meaning Lawas Nyorong at the wedding ceremony customary Sumbawa in Jereweh district
Get PDFEvery society an area have a cultural heritage. One example of cultural heritage that is on the island Sumbawa namely Lawas Nyorong used on the wedding procession customary Sumbawa. This research aims to review and described form, function and meaning Lawas Nyorong used on the wedding procession customary Sumbawa especially in District Jereweh. The methodology used is descriptive qualitative. To obtain the data and information relevant to a matter study, then used several methods to technique the literature study, documentation, observation, interview, record, roll and note. The research found is a Lawas Nyorong consists of three the lines in one of the each column consisting of eight syllables, having early rhyme, the middle, and at the end. There are also several styles of language in which include; litotes, the personification, hyperbole, synesthesia, and repetition. Lawas Nyorong having the function to important the collective function community, for entertainment, education, and unifying all the families. However, the meaning of Lawas Nyorong itself with regard to the message, regarding intention or purpose to delivered reflected in Lawas
Ongkara Pranawa: A Study of Saivistic-Pantheism within Balinese Hinduism
Get PDFOngkara Pranawa is the core symbol to which the belief system of the Balinese Hindus is concentrated. This article is focused on understanding the Ongkara Pranawa in the Balinese alphabetic system. The perspective to read and understand this phenomenon is the Saivistic-pantheism by utilizing the Hindu theory and method of interpretation called smreti and tri pramana. Through the analysis, it is found that the Ongkara Pranawa is the revelation of God in the form of Balinese letter. God is understood to have the character of Eka-Aneka; He is one and plural at the same time. Willfully God takes His functional role in various figures and names. This understanding provides tolerant viewpoint in responding the variety of human religiosity
Metaphor translation towards Cilinaye manuscript
Get PDFCilinaye manuscript was one script in Sasak language that was written on Aksara Jejawen or it was known as Akasara Hanacaraka. It has a remarkable meaning especially a metaphorical expression due to be not everyone has an ability to use metaphors however everyone can understand its meaning in the same culture and language unlike Suku Sasak (Sasak Tribe). The present study was intended to find out what metaphors were found in Cilinaye manuscript and the concept of metaphor found on it. The results of the present research included 1) The meaning of metaphor in Sasak language can mean different with the use of the same symbol when attached by morpheme e.g. 'lauk daye' attached morpheme 'be' become 'belauk bedaye'. 2) The concept of metaphor according to Ching. Ed. (1980) includes human, animate, living, objective, terrestrial, substantial, energy, cosmic, and being is not completed due to in the data analysis, the researchers found there are metaphors that use directions like bottom up, front behind, east west, south north
Islamic scientific epistemology in Al-Jabiri perspective
Get PDFAfter Europe experienced renaissance period, it seems that Arab or Islamic countries till now have difficulty to achieve the glory like the era of prophet Muhammad (Rasulullah), Umayyah, Abbasid to the glory of Islam in the Spanish. As one of Islamic thinker (expert), Al-Jabiri arguing that the solutions offered by many experts were not appropriate with the nature concept. Furthermore, He then proposed a critical construction of Arabian epistemological knowledge by analyzing critically the process of Arabian cultural formation. He concluded that the Islamic reasoning had been "dead" because there are no more innovations given since the codification period (ashr at-tadwin) of various scientific fields (tabwib al-ilm) in the middle of 2ndcentury and 3rdcentury of hijri. Since the period, all Islamic epistemologist concept that was born at that time used as a theoretical framework (al-ithar al-marji'i) for the Islamic reasoning until now. Al-jabiri concluded the mainstream Islamic epistemology have existed in the era has three typologies, namely bayani, irfani and burhani. However, ironically the bayani epistemology much more about the Arabian reasoning, so that it created one civilization that is called fiqh civilization (hadlarahfiqh). However, irfani epistemology tends to bring Islamic view into irrational reason. While burhani epistemology is very lacked attention on Islamic view. This thing becomes stumbling to create modern Arab or Islamic era
The Nature of God and man in the writings of Guru Nanak
Get PDFMy study is about the Nature of God and Man reflected in the writings of Guru Nanak and the relation between the two. Though it’s difficult to understand the two individually but there exists a link which binds the two together. Guru Nanak’s way of approach to religion and its aspect urged a belief in him that altogether resulted in dealing life and the world differently in a mode which he created. He started a new way of religion with new philosophies and teachings which took the time to owe its place in the society. Though his ideologies stand out different from others but these teachings and sayings, somewhere, were something which talked about the unknown reality i.e. the power, the reality that exists within the same world without our knowledge. In the Holy Book, Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Nanak himself and through his Successors have talked about ideal nature of God and the True nature of Man. Nanak says that we are men of evil deeds but we all, in the end, come to the feet of Lord in His Honour to make ourselves honorable. My study also talks about the link between God and Man in terms of their nature which relate each other in every aspect