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Impact of Different Pruning Practices on Height Growth of Paulownia Clon in Vitro 112(R)
Get PDFWe focused on the ability of one-year-old and two-year-old plants of Paulownia Clon in vitro 112(R) to sprout and grow branches, and on their pruning for their best possible growth on a plantation in Střelice u Brna. Furthermore, we carried out pruning on selected parts that comprised: spring pruning; reduction in the angle between the stem axis and one new growing sprout; and year-long pruning. The sprouting capacity of Paulownia was high-up to 56% (one-year-old plants) and 50% (two-year-old plants). Branches grew on 34% of all one-year-old plants and on 57% of all two-year-old plants. The best possible spring pruning method seems to be the keeping of one stem sprout or one stump sprout for one-year-old plants and one stem sprout for two-year-old plants. The newly growing stem sprout should be formed by bandaging it to the stem, and, as a result of this, the angle between the stem and the sprout can be reduced to 20o in contrast to 50o when the sprout is not bandaged. Our results suggest that it is best to take off the lower ⅓ of the branches and leaves, which leads to faster height growth of the plant.O
Kolmogorovʼ entropy to investigate variation of forest soil properties in the Czech Republic
Get PDFA measure of variation in values of physico-chemical properties of different soil groups is influenced by deterministic uncertainty. In this study, we assessed variation level of soil horizon properties in the most wide-spread forest soil groups on territory of the Czech Republic in the period 1953-2010. The assessment of variation was based on the selection of potentially correlating grain-size and chemical properties and a regression analysis (p < 0.05) between normal values (1981-2010) and Kolmogorov (K-) entropy of the forest soil quantities. Cambisols (73%), Stagnosols (10%) and Leptosols (4%) were the most frequently sampled soil groups in the database of 15,287 pits from the state pilot forest surveys during the normal period. The K-entropies of clay, Ntot, CaO and MgO indicated the mean contents in the soil groups more significantly than the entropies of loam, pH and Al2O3. The low variable clay content differentiated the series of Cambisols-Podzols (CM-PZ) from other soil groups. On the contrary, the higher stable clay content differentiated the Luvisols-Retisols-Stagnosols (LV-RT-ST) series. The low stable clay content and the higher Ntot and CaO contents were characteristic of Fluvisols and Gleysols. The CM-PZ series varied from LV-RT-ST by more variable contents of finer grain particles, Ntot and CaO. Relationships between soil properties means and K-entropies suggest different development series.O
Overwinter Storage of European Beech and Norway Spruce Planting Stock: Effect of Different Methods and Temperature Conditions
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to compare methods of overwinter storage of forest tree species planting stock and to specify of the optimal and the minimal temperature for freezing. Planting stock of European beech and Norway spruce were stored three times over a period of dormancy (2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018) (1) in freezers, (2) in an air-conditioned warehouse, (3) in a cave and (4) in soil (bare-rooted plants) and at a holding area (containerized plants), i.e., an open storage. During storage, the vitality of plants was determined using the root electrolyte leakage (REL) parameter, and in 2016 also by restoring growth in a sample of plants. The stored plants were always planted in a forest research plot in the spring and their basic morphological parameters and mortality were evaluated at the end of the growing season. The most suitable temperature for storage of both bare-rooted and containerized beech and spruce was in the range from MINUS SIGN 3.4 oC to MINUS SIGN 1.7 oC. The plants after overwinter storage showed no significant mortality after planting-they showed a high vitality of the fine roots and a normal increment, and were not damaged by frost, mold or other negative factors during storage.O
Effect of Different Storage Methods on the Microbiological Quality of the Insect Dry Powder Made from Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, L.)
Get PDFEntomophagy as an alternative way of eating in the Czech Republic is gaining more and more supporters. For this reason, we have focused on the microbial quality of the insect dry powder made from Tenebrio molitor during storage. In the samples were determined the major groups of microorganisms by standard procedures. It is the total number of microorganisms, aerobic microorganisms thermoresistant, E. coli and other coliform bacteria, micromycetes and bacteria of the genus Enterococcus. The highest increase of total microorganisms occurred after five months storage in the sample stored in a paper bag and cold, where their number reached a value of 2.870 log CFU/g. For the same sample, coliform bacteria at the rate of 1.839 log CFU/g were also detected. The other monitored groups of microorganisms were in the samples at most in the order of tens of CFU/g. The results of our research show that the microbiologically tested the insect dry powder is a very stable material. After eight months of storage, there was only a minimal increase in count of microorganisms. Based on the results, it is not possible to decide clearly which storage conditions are most appropriate. In our opinion, storage in a paper bag at a temperature of 22-23 oC is considered to be very convenient, whereas storage at 4-6 oC and 90% humidity cannot be recommended because of the higher incidence of mold due to high humidity in the refrigerator. Due to the small number of expert publications dealing with this issue, it is necessary to continue to address this topic.O
Methodology of climate regions defining within the Estimated pedological ecological unit system Methodology of climate regions defining within the Estimated pedological ecological unit system
No full textNáplní metodiky je inovované exaktní definování postupu vymezení klimatické rajonizace používané v rámci hodnocení produkčního potenciálu zemědělské půdy v ČR. Po vymezení konsekvencí termínu "produkční potenciál" a uvedení jeho hodnocení do historických souvislostí, je hlavní pozornost věnována možnostem a limitům aplikace soudobých klimatologických dat, metod a přístupů. Výsledkem je pak zhodnocení možností aktualizace platné klimatické rajonizace v rámci systému bonitovaných půdně ekologických jednotek. V rámci návrhu nové rajonizace klimatických regionů byly využity hodnoty potenciální (základní) vláhové bilance. Jako doplňující charakteristiky blíže specifikující jednotlivé klimatické regiony s ohledem na jejich klimatické poměry je vhodné v návaznosti na původní systém použít průměrnou roční teplotu vzduchu, TS 10 a průměrný roční srážkový úhrn. Do hodnocení je zahrnut i průměr vypočtený z ročních absolutních minim teploty vzduchu jako možný ukazatel podmínek přezimování rostlin v daných oblastech.The methodology innovatively defines the procedure of climatic zoning used in the evaluation of the production potential of agricultural land in the Czech Republic. After defining the consequences of the term "production potential" and putting its evaluation into historical context, the main attention is paid to the possibilities and limits of the application of current climatological data, methods and approaches. The result is an evaluation of the possibilities of updating the climate zoning within the Estimated pedological ecological unit system. The new zoning of climatic regions is based on the values of the potential (basic) moisture balance. Following the original system, it is appropriate to use the average annual air temperature, temperature sum above 10oC and the average annual precipitation total as additional characteristics specifying the individual climatic regions with regard to their climatic conditions. The evaluation also includes an average calculated from the annual absolute minimums of air temperature as a possible indicator of wintering conditions in the given areas.O
R-loop tracker: Web access-based tool for R-loop detection and analysis in genomic DNA sequences
Get PDFR-loops are common non-B nucleic acid structures formed by a three-stranded nucleic acid composed of an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) loop. Because the aberrant R-loop formation leads to increased mutagenesis, hyper-recombination, rearrangements, and transcription-replication collisions, it is regarded as important in human diseases. Therefore, its prevalence and distribution in genomes are studied intensively. However, in silico tools for R-loop prediction are limited, and therefore, we have developed the R-loop tracker tool, which was implemented as a part of the DNA Analyser web server. This new tool is focused upon (1) prediction of R-loops in genomic DNA without length and sequence limitations; (2) integration of R-loop tracker results with other tools for nucleic acids analyses, including Genome Browser; (3) internal cross-evaluation of in silico results with experimental data, where available; (4) easy export and correlation analyses with other genome features and markers; and (5) enhanced visualization outputs. Our new R-loop tracker tool is freely accessible on the web pages of DNA Analyser tools, and its implementation on the web-based server allows effective analyses not only for DNA segments but also for full chromosomes and genomes.O
Cascade use of wood in the Czech Republic
Get PDFResearch Highlights: One of the priorities of the European Commission is to build up an effective circular economy based on recycling and multiple use of materials. Wood biomass is a renewable raw material and can be used several times in a cascading sequence. Each country has a unique situation regarding the availability and utilization of wood sources. Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze wood flow in the Czech Republic using the cascading principle of biomass use. The specific situation in the Czech Republic lies in a lack of valid and reliable input data from official statistics. Therefore, the reverse input method was applied. Materials and Methods: Input data analyses of roundwood sources and foreign trade were based on official statistical data. The calculation of raw wood volume consumption in primary processing was performed based on the data after our own correction and recalculation. It was then possible to build up a basic model of multi-stage cascade wood use. The input volume of roundwood was divided among all types of primary processing production using conversion factors. Results: Cascading use of wood (CUW) showed the level of efficiency of the resource. Official statistical input data and the reversed input data regarding raw wood volume entering wood processing revealed differences at a level of 27%. The overall CUW in the Czech Republic indicates a high rate of wood use in primary processing with low added value and in generating energy. Conclusions: The reverse input method reveals the real situation of wood consumption irrespective of the level of official statistical data. It is suitable to apply in an environment of incomplete or incorrect input data. CUW in Czechia showed an opportunity for increasing the efficiency of wood utilization. The structure of wood use needs to be optimized towards creating greater added value.O
Impact of transposition of the directive 2013/34/EU into the national laws of EU member states emphatically V4
Get PDFThe European Union has published the Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings for reasons of increasing of the competitive advantage and productivity of small and medium.sized enterprises. The EU Member States have to incorporate the rules of the Directive with their national law by 20 July 2015 at the latest during the year 2016. The intention of this paper is to determine and to evaluate the impacts of transposition of the Directive into the Czech Accounting Law and into the national accounting laws of EU Member States chosen. There is an identification of main differences of Czech Accounting Law and of amended Czech Accounting Law issued 1st of January 2016. There is an impact of implementation of the Directive 2013/34/EU on financial statements and at the same time on requirements of audit for individual categories of Czech accounting entities. In this paper, there is also an analysis of impact of the Directive 2013/34/EU on national accounting laws V4 States and on several further EU Member States. On the basis of comparison of differences recognized, there is an deduction of findings for companies falling into the same group.O
The change of bacterial spectrum after storage of X. Campestris pv. Campestris Inoculated Cabbage Heads (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.)
Get PDFChanges in the bacterial spectrum of cabbage heads after storage under commonly used storage conditions were examined in this study. Cabbage seeds (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) were artificially inoculated with X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), a serious pathogen of cruciferous plants causing black rot. Isolation of bacterial cultures from Xcc-inoculated and non-inoculated cabbage heads were carried out in two time points-at the day of harvest and after four months of storage. According to our previous research and literature reports, the most frequent genera of bacteria were chosen for PCR testing, i.e., Bacillus cereus group, Bacillus subtilis group, Pseudomonas sp., and X. campestris pv. campestris. A few of the obtained bacterial cultures were negative for the four above-mentioned species. In those, other bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. In both Xcc-inoculated and non-inoculated cabbage heads, changes of the bacterial spectrum over time were observed. The severity of Xcc infection of heads increased after four months of storage. Bacillus species represented the most frequently occurring bacterial genus. The presence of the Bacillus subtilis group increased significantly after storage in non-inoculated cabbage heads. The minor part of the other genera identified by sequencing in the first sampling were not detected in the stored cabbage heads. This was associated with a possible antagonistic behavior of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.O
Insufficiency in Distributional Faunistic Data in Synanthropic Spiders: a Case Study of the Occurrence of Brigittea Civica (Araneae, Dictynidae) in South Moravia, Czech Republic
Get PDFThis study is focused on distribution of the spider Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1850). It is probably a non-native species in the Czech Republic, which occurs synanthropically in central European conditions. It is well adapted to coexistence with humans, and since there is no natural enemy, it may freely redistribute. The aim of this study was to supplement the knowledge of distribution of this species in South Moravia. The present occurrence data were recorded from a total of 92 towns and villages via observing typical cobwebs. In 86 cases, the incidence was observed, in only six cases, there was not found even a single cobweb of the spider. Based on our records, we can suggest that B. civica is much more common than was previously mapped and the presence of this species in the Czech Republic was underestimated.O