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Increasing yield and nutritional value of selected pea genotypes by fertilization and agronomic biofortification
No full textMetodika si klade za cíl seznámit pěstitele hrachu s postupy výživy této luskoviny při využití běžně dostupných fosforečných a hořečnatých hnojiv a hnojiv obsahujících síru a zinek a na základě dosažených výsledků z testování vybraných kombinací hnojení poskytnout doporučení k jejich aplikaci za účelem optimalizace výnosu a kvality semen.The methodology provides pea growers with fertilization practices for this legume using commonly available phosphate, magnesium, sulphur and zinc fertilizers. Based on the results obtained from field testing of selected fertilizer combinations, it provides recommendations for their application to optimise yield and seed quality.Published Versio
Social Farming in Czechia, Actors and Barriers
Get PDFThe article deals with the state of social farming in Czechia, which is obviously in its infancy. The main barriers to development are the character of Czech agriculture, which is radically based on large-scale production and deliveries to large customers, insufficient cooperation of individual ministries and too narrow conception of the problem as care farming. At the same time, we can expect increasing demand for this type of management in the future. Some ideas for improving the situation are presented, the most important of which is the recognition of social farming by the public administration and the creation of a legal framework for its development.O
Invertebrados en el Desarrollo Regional de Nicaragua: Región Carazo
Get PDFIn addition to social and economic factors, environmental factors play an important role in the development of regions, especially in developing countries. The environment is often used extensively by the local population, regardless of its sustainability. This is also the case in Nicaragua, the second poorest country in Latin America (after Belize) with 6,217,581 inhabitants and an area of 129,494 km2 (data from 2017). Various invertebrate species were observed during three study trips between 2014 and 2018. Attention was focused on their occurrence and importance for the inhabitants of the Carazo region, which represents one of 17 territorial units with an area of 1,081 km2 with 166,073 inhabitants and in which the workplace of Mendel University in Brno (Finca la Reserva) is located. The average altitude of the Carazo region is 423 m above sea level with a density of 153.5 inhabitants per km2. The region is located on a lava plateau that slopes westward towards the Pacific Ocean. The climate here is tropical with average temperatures of 2832o C, which creates favourable conditions for the occurrence of numerous invertebrate species both on land and in water. Attention was focused on insects (ants, termites, beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, scorpions, spiders and wasps) and on coldblooded invertebrates (crabs, shrimps, lobsters, catfish and shells). Information on over 50 commonly occurring invertebrate species is presented. Information about their importance in terms of health and nutrition of the local population, their economic use and the impact on developing tourism can be considered as particularly valuable.Při rozvoji regionů hrají významnou roli zejména v rozvojových zemích kromě faktorů sociálních a ekonomických také faktory environmentální. Životní prostředí je často místními obyvateli intenzivně využíváno bez ohledu na jeho udržitelnost. Tak je tomu i v Nikaragui, druhé nejchudší zemi v Latinské Americe (po Belize) se 6 217 581 obyvateli a o rozloze 129 494 kmz (údaje z roku 2017). Při třech studijních cestách mezi lety 2014 až 2018 byly pozorovány různé druhy bezobratlých živočichů. Pozornost byla zaměřena na jejich výskyt a význam pro obyvatele regionu Carazo, který představuje jeden ze 17 územních celků o rozloze 1 081 km2 se 166 073 obyvateli a ve kterém se nachází pracoviště Mendelovy univerzity v Brně (Finca la Reserva). Průměrná nadmořská výška regionu Carazo je 423 m n.m. s hustotou 153,5 obyvatel na km2. Region se nachází na lávové plošině, která se svažuje západním směrem k Tichému oceánu. Klima je zde tropické s průměrnými teplotami 2832 oC, což vytváří příhodné podmínky pro výskyt četných druhů bezobratlých živočichů jak na souši, tak ve vodě. Pozornost byla zaměřena na hmyz (mravence, termity, brouky, motýly, kobylky, štíry, pavouky a vosy) a na chladnokrevné bezobratlé živočichy (kraby, krevety, langusty, sumýše a živočichy žijící v ulitách a lasturách). Publikace představuje informace o více než 50 běžně se vyskytujících druzích bezobratlých živočichů. Za zvláště cenné je možné považovat informace o jejich významu z pohledu zdraví a výživy místních obyvatel, o jejich hospodářském využití a vlivu na rozvíjející se turismus.Además de los factores sociales y económicos, los factores ambientales juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de las regiones, especialmente en los paises en desarrollo. El medio ambiente a menudo es utilizado ampliamente por la población local, independientemente de su sostenibilidad. Este es también el caso en Nicaragua, el segundo pais más pobre de América Latina (después de Belice) con 6,217,581 habitantes y mi área de 129,494 km2 (datos de 2017). Se observaron varias especies de invertebrados durante tres viajes de estudio entre 2014 y 2018. La atención se centró en su presencia e importancia para los habitantes de la región de Carazo, que representa una de las 17 unidades territoriales con un área de 1,081 km2 con 166,073 habitantes y en donde se ubica el lugar de trabajo de la Universidad de Mendel en Brno (Finca la Reserva). La altitud media de la región de Carazo es de 423 m sobre el nivel del mar con una densidad de 153.5 habitantes por km2. La región está ubicada en una meseta de lava que se inclina hacia el oeste hacia el Océano Pacifico. El clima es tropical con temperatures promedio de 2832o C, lo que crea condiciones favorables para la aparición de numerosas especies de invertebrados tanto en tierra como en agua. La atención se centró en los insectos (hormigas, termitas, escarabajos, mariposas, saltamontes, escorpiones, arenas y avispas) y en invertebrados de sangre fria (cangrejos, camarones, langostas, bagres y conchas). Se presenta información sobre más de 50 especies de invertebrados comunes. La información sobre su importancia en términos de salud y nutrition de la población local, su uso económico y el impacto en el desarrollo del turismo puede considerarse particularmente valiosa.Published Versio
Provenance affects the growth and mortality of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations cultivated in central Nicaragua
Get PDFTeak has been planted extensively by smallholders in Central America within reforestation programmes and has become one of the most valuable timbers. The five-year growth and mortality of teak cultivated in a plantation in central Nicaragua, representing sites at the low limit of teak ecological valence, were evaluated. From 2006 to 2010, 72 pure teak stands were established, with 48.93 ha in total. For afforestation, planting stock from five provenances was used and planted at 1 m x 1 m spacing to stimulate the height growth and reduce broad crowns formed by self-pruning. In the pure teak stands, 144 permanent sample plots of 0.01 ha in size were established in 2011. From 2011 until 2015, the tree height and stem girth of all individuals in the studied sample plots were measured, and mortality based on the stand density was assessed. Significant differences between the provenances were observed. The highest growth was noted in the Local provenance originated from the studied area, whereas the Semilla provenance from Costa Rica, characterised by the lowest growth ability, was characterized by lower radial increment and mean tree height with high mortality.O
A State of Review on Instigating Resources and Technological Sustainable Approaches in Green Construction
Get PDFGreen building is a way to reduce the impact of the building stock on the environment, society, and economy. Despite the significance of a systematic review for the upcoming project, few studies have been conducted. Studies within the eco-friendly construction scope have been boosted in the past few decades. The present review study intends to critically analyse the available literature on green buildings by identifying the prevalent research approaches and themes. Among these recurring issues are the definition and scope of green buildings, the quantification of green buildings' advantages over conventional ones, and several green building production strategies. The study concludes that the available research focuses mainly on the environmental side of green buildings. In contrast, other crucial points of green building sustainability, such as social impacts, are often neglected. Future research objectives include the effects of climate on the effectiveness of green building assessment methods; verification of the actual performance of green buildings; specific demographic requirements; and future-proofing.O
Clinical and Laboratory Parameters of Carp Edema Virus Disease: A Case Report
Get PDFIn the present study, we describe a natural outbreak of carp edema virus disease (CEVD) in koi carp, concentrating on clinical manifestation, gross and microscopic pathology, immunological parameters, viral diagnostics, and phylogenetic analysis. Examination of white blood cell parameters showed increased monocyte and decreased lymphocyte counts in CEV-affected fish compared to healthy control fish. Regarding immune system functioning, the present work shows, for the first time, enhanced phagocytic activity in CEV-affected fish. Respiratory burst of phagocytes was strongly increased in diseased fish, the increase being attributed to an increased phagocyte count rather than enhancement of their metabolic activity. The present work also newly shows histopathological changes in the pancreatic tissue of diseased koi.O
Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak re-emergence regulation in East Africa: preparedness and vaccination perspective
Get PDFSudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, and Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) are the most potentially life-threatening and grievous species reported among the Ebolavirus genus. Previously, the most common cases pointed to EBOV as the primary causative agent of Ebolavirus epidemics and fatalities. From 2013 to 2016, a devastating EBOV outbreak in West Africa resulted in 29,000 illness cases, prompting WHO global member countries to prioritise vaccine candidates in the early stages of development. The impending spread of EBOV in Guinea, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo highlighted the ongoing need for secure and effective vaccine programmes against emerging infections using the most secure deployment precautions and methodologies. The West Africa outbreak and all current outbreaks in other countries have been prevented through the effective immunisation of healthy individuals through vaccination and their interactions with identified patients, medical practitioners, and frontline emergency professionals. Despite the fact that EBOV outbreaks previously only infected a small percentage of the global population, they have occasionally caused widespread suffering and huge economic costs in endemic countries. Reported transmission of such viruses beyond nonendemic zones in conjunction with the bioweapon potentiality of ebolaviruses necessitates the discovery and production of EBOV vaccines globally.O
Evaluating the quality of surface carbonized woods modified with a contact charring or a gas flame charring technique
Get PDFSurface carbonization, or charring, of wooden exterior cladding boards is a modification method that creates a fully organic barrier layer in resemblance to a coating. The process effectively degrades the wood and transforms it into a carbonaceous residue that protects the underlying unmodified wood from environmental stresses. The surface quality of wood modified in this manner is a combination of several factors and depends on the manufacturing method and wood species. To assess the quality of spruce and birch modified with contact and flame charring techniques, several experiments were set up from the nanoscale to macroscopic evaluation of surface resistance to different stresses. The changes in elemental composition are scaled with the modification severity with little differences between wood species. The carbon structures analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were found to be amorphous, but the electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) revealed higher ordering with what is assumed to be random graphitic stacking of carbon sheets. These carbon-carbon bonds are stable, so a higher ordering is hypothesized to induce improved resistance to exterior stresses. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a clear difference between contact-charred and flame-charred woods. The selected contact charring temperature was not high enough to induce the transformation of cell walls from anisotropic into an isotropic material but provided other benefits such as a relatively crack-free, smooth and scratch resistant surface. Surface roughness was able to adequately predict the surface quality of the contact-charred samples, and scratch tests were found to be suitable for evaluating the mechanical stress resistance of the surface instead of abrasion. In terms of overall quality, birch instead of spruce was concluded to better respond to both charring methods, although contact charring eliminates some species-specific characteristics, resulting in more homogeneous surfaces.OA-hybri
Comparison of Two Different Management Practices under Organic Farming System
Get PDFOrganic farmers usually do not have the opportunity to address the actual symptoms of deficiency through the foliar application of synthetic fertilization, therefore, the main treatment is realized by green manure crop cultivation and application of organic fertilizers. The aim of this long-term experiment was to compare two different production systems with and without livestock in terms of organic farming, and a control variant with no fertilization was also included (treatment 1). The production system without animal husbandry was based on solely the application of renewable external resources (compost or digestate) (treatment 2) and the same fertilization with the addition of auxiliary substances (AS) (treatment 3). The production system with animal husbandry included utilization of fertilizers produced on the farm (fermented urine or manure) using solely farm fertilizers (treatment 4) and in addition with AS (treatment 5). Each treatment had three replications. This work describes the average yields from four experimental years and five experimental localities. Winter wheat, potatoes, winter wheat spelt and legume-cereal mix with corn were used and examined as model crops during the first four years of this long-term research. The highest average yield of winter wheat grain and potato tubers during the first two years of the experiment were obtained after the treatments 2 (7.1 t/ha grain, 33.9 t/ha tubers) and 3 (7.0 t/ha grain, 34.1 t/ha tubers). The several times higher nitrogen content in applied digestate and compost in comparison with fermented urine and manure was probably the reason for such results. On the contrary, the results obtained from the third (spelt) and fourth (LCM and corn) experimental years favored treatment 4 (5.5 t/ha grain, 4.6 cereal unit/ha) and 5 (5.4 t/ha grain, 4.7 cereal unit/ha) from the long-term point of view. After four experimental years, the presented results supported the application of farm fertilizers as a preferable option. The treatments with additional application of AS did not provide a higher yield, therefore, such an application seems unnecessary.O
Physical-Mechanical Properties of Peat Moss (Sphagnum) Insulation Panels with Bio-Based Adhesives
Get PDFRising energy and raw material prices, dwindling resources, increased recycling, and the need for sustainable management have led to growth in the smart materials sector. In recent years, the importance and diversity of bio-based adhesives for industrial applications has grown steadily. This article focuses on the production and characterization of insulation panels consisting of peat moss and two bio-based adhesives. The panels were pressed with tannin and animal-based resins and compared to panels bonded with urea formaldehyde. The physical-mechanical properties, namely, thermal conductivity (TC), water vapor diffusion resistance, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), compression resistance (CR), water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) were measured and analyzed. The results show that the insulation effectiveness and mechanical stability of moss panels bound with tannin and animal glue are comparable to standard adhesives used in the composite industry.O