International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology
Not a member yet
352 research outputs found
Sort by
Geoelectrical Survey for the Exploration of Ground Water using Vertical Electrical Sounding: A Case Study of Androt District Rawlakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir : Geoelectrical Survey for the Exploration of Ground Water using Vertical Electrical Sounding: A Case Study of Androt District Rawlakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir
No full textVertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method has been widely used to depict the subsurface lithology, thickness and structure based on resistivity of layered media with the ultimate objective of evaluating groundwater potential. In this investigation, VES was used to outline subsurface geology to produce a 2D subsurface resistivity model based on the resistivity contrast of layered rocks, for evaluating the accessibility of groundwater in the Siwaliks group of Androt District Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). The Schlumberger electrode configuration was used with spacing arrangement of current electrode (AB/2) going from 1.5 to 250 meters and potential electrode (MN) 1 to 50 meters. The VES data was qualitatively analyzed by using iteration software (IPI2win) which showed that the area is composed of clay, shale, fractured sandstone with intercalation of clay based on resistivity contrast. At depth of 40m-100m along VES indicates good prospects for ground water potential, associated with sandstone beds of Siwaliks group. The resistivity depth section maps at potential depth of 30m, 40m, 60m and 80m are prepared for the demarcation of potential reservoir beds at various depth. The interpreted sounding curves are interpreted qualitatively and pseudo section, Resistivity section and geological log are prepared based on resistivity contrast which shows agreement with geology and hydrological condition of the area. The favorable reservoir rock as an aquifer demarcated in the study area is fractured sandstone with intercalation of clay beds, with apparent resistivity range of 80Ωm to 100Ωm and thickness of 20m to 50m at different sites. The apparent resistivity sections revealed that the North East (NE) and North West (NW) regions are comparatively good potential reservoir for ground water. Keywords: Vertical electrical sounding, ground water, resistivity, IPI2win
Petrophysical and Geochemical Analysis of Chichali Formation for the Source Rock Evaluation: A Case Study of Chanda-01 Well, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan : Petrophysical and Geochemical Analysis of Chichali Formation for the Source Rock Evaluation: A Case Study of Chanda-01 Well, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan
No full textA source rock has the ability of generating hydrocarbons after the maturation of the organic component for a specific period of time. The hydrocarbon generation and release from a potential source rock is dependent on the content of the organic matter, which is determined by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content. In this research, the Chichali Formation of Cretaceous age is considered to be a source rock in the Chanda gas field, Upper Indus Basin on the basis of petrophysical and geochemical results of well Chanda-01. The study includes computation of TOC, mineralogy and parameters like porosity, permeability and fluid saturation which have been carried out from Well log data. Additionally, geochemical results of the well have been incorporated in order to calibrate and authenticate both results. The formation is encountered at a depth of 4543 m in Chanda-01 well and its thickness is about 34 m. The formation has been divided into two parts on the basis of lithology. The upper part is representing sandy shale, whereas the lower part exhibits massive shale unit. The log data of natural gamma ray, resistivity, density and spectral gamma ray, including uranium, thorium and potassium curves have been interpreted in the lower part of the formation, which confirms that the formation is possibly deposited in anoxic conditions with sufficient organic rich content. Moreover, geochemical analysis of the rock cuttings of the well shows good Vitrinite Reflectance and TOC results which complement the results obtained from the petrophysical analysis. Seven rock samples of Chichali Formation have been analyzed for its TOC & VR value which confirms that shale in this area has fair source potential as the average value of both tests against these samples are greater than 1%. Therefore, having fair source rock potential in Chanda gas field, there is a possibility that Chichali Formation could be a potential source in the other fields of Upper and Middle Indus basins and a prospect for the shale gas resource as well. Keywords: Chichali Formation, source rock evaluation, total organic carbon, DlogR technique
Standards of Wastewater Reuse/Disposal in KSA: Reconsideration: Standards of Wastewater Reuse/Disposal in KSA: Reconsideration
No full textMinistry of Agriculture and Water (MAW) in Saudi Arabia had setup very stringent standards for wastewater reuse and discharge (WWRD) in 1989, for example, turbidity and nitrate as nitrogen were not to exceed 1NTU and 10 mg/l respectively. Those limits cannot be met without additional expensive tertiary treatment. Those standards are not needed for all WWRD. In fact, secondary treatment with disinfection and efficient management are adequate for most of WWRD. The author published an article back in 1999 in Water Research Journal, Vol. 33, in which he assessed the standards and recommended setting up less stringent standards as a function of intended reuse and method of irrigation. The standards were re-evaluated and modified by MAW and other ministries in 2003, 2005 and 2006. Unfortunately, the modifications were not to the expected level, and still only a small part of treated wastewater is being used. The remaining portion of wastewater is discharged into a wadi/sea. This article reassessed the standards published in 2003, 2005 and recommended setting up revised standards for reuses and discharges relevant to the intended uses and discharges. Keywords: Wastewater, reuses, discharges, standards Saudi Arabia
Geospatial Variability and Drinking Water Safety Scenario of Groundwater in Aland Taluka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka
Get PDFGroundwater quality and distribution systems are major concerns in hydrogeology which needs proper understanding in order to relate the quality and quantity of groundwater. Water quality represents the chemical constituents or ionic concentration of water. Drinking water is very sensitive and needs immediate prevention of pollutants to groundwater reserves. In this sense, Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the essential factors to determine the quality and grade of the groundwater. Groundwater is highly influenced by lithological assemblage prevailing in the area. The study area is covered by Deccan traps which consist of basalts. The variation of water quality from both open wells and bore wells in accordance to the depth variations were analyzed with reference to water table. The significance of the research illustrated the society related problems from water quality using geospatial and decision making tools, and quality of the water using WQI analysis
Petrography of Jutana Dolomite: Implications for Geotechnical Utility: Petrography of Jutana Dolomite: Implications for Geotechnical Utility
No full textPresent study has been carried out to know the reliance of mechanical properties on the petrographic parameters. The Jutana dolomite is comprised of dolomite, sandy dolomite and siliciclastic beds. In this study microfacies analysis and geotechnical utility of Jutana dolomite has been determined. Based on the microscopic study different microfacies were identified. The mechanical properties of Jutana dolomite were investigated with the help of the strength tests such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and uniaxial tensile strength (UTS) and shear strength. The results of the strength tests show that the Jutana dolomite is a moderately strong, which is suitable for construction purpose. In addition, the interrelationships of petrographic and mechanical properties of Jutana dolomite were determined. The percent quartz (8-41%) grains play a positive impact on the uniaxial compressive strength of Jutana dolomite. Key words: Petrography, dolomite, uniaxial compressive strength, Khewra gorge
Prediction of Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete Containing Zeolite and Diatomite by ANN: Prediction of Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete Containing Zeolite and Diatomite by ANN
No full textThis study was designed to investigate with two different artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model for the behavior of concrete containing zeolite and diatomite. For purpose of constructing this model, 7 different mixes with 63 specimens of the 28, 56 and 90 days splitting tensile strength experimental results of concrete containing zeolite, diatomite, both zeolite and diatomite used in training and testing for ANN systems was gathered from the tests. The data used in the ANN models are arranged in a format of seven input parameters that cover the age of samples, Portland cement, zeolite, diatomite, aggregate, water and hyper plasticizer and an output parameter which is splitting tensile strength of concrete. In the model, the training and testing results have shown that two different ANN systems have strong potential as a feasible tool for predicting 28, 56 and 90 days the splitting tensile strength of concrete containing zeolite and diatomite
Delineation and Assessment of Hab watershed, Balochistan, Pakistan through Geo-spatial Technology: Delineation and Assessment of Hab watershed, Balochistan, Pakistan through Geo-spatial Technology
No full textWater is one of the key elements of life and Pakistan is facing acute water shortage. The problem is more severe in the mega cities like Karachi and nearby areas in which industries and population are growing at a very high rate. Presently, Karachi is getting only about 55 percent of water against its fast increasing requirements leading to water crises in Karachi city. The Hab River is one of the main and important water supply sources for Hab industrial estate and Karachi. Therefore, it is extremely important to study this area with an aim to explore, develop and exploit its water resources for the current and upcoming requirements of the area. This paper is about the investigation of the potential of water resources in the Hab watershed through geo-informatics. Hydrological modeling has been done in GIS environment, which outlines a complete picture of Hab watershed and provides assessment of the potential of the watershed located in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Watershed boundaries have been established and its area has been estimated in GIS environment. Considering the large area, Hab watershed has been categorized as macro watershed. Drainage characteristics of the watershed have been defined through GIS datasets, which were derived by performing drainage analysis on a terrain model. Other key contributions of the study include stream network analysis, flow accumulation and flow pattern analysis of the watershed. Keywords: Geo-informatics, hydrological modeling, delineation, drainage network, watershed
Environmental Impact of Sand Mining in Malir River Bed Karachi, Pakistan: 8th International Symposium on Aggregates (2016) Kutahya, Turkey
No full textExtraction or mining of sand and gravel from river beds/flood plains plays an important role as aggregate in construction industries but has placed immense pressure on the environment, where sand and gravel resources occur. Present study was carried out to determine the environmental effects of sand and gravel mining in Malir River bed in Karachi. Field work was carried out in the study area to determine the physical environmental effects of mining. Results show that destruction of landscape, reduction of farm, grazing land and lowering of water table are the environmental effects that result due to sand and gravel mining in Malir River. Due to continuous open pit mining of the sand and gravel deposits of more than 100 ft thickness, the underlying bed rock which is a part of Gaj Formation of Miocene age is exposed on the surface of river bed, which may destroy the existing aquifer system in near future. Sand mining is widespread and highly unregulated in the Malir area. It is concluded that the government develops and implements policies designed to protect the environment around Malir sand and gravel mining areas in Karachi
Petrographic and Geochemical Analyses of Kirana Hills Shield Rocks around Sargodha and Economic Potential : Petrographic and Geochemical Analyses of Kirana Hills Shield Rocks around Sargodha and Economic Potential
No full textThe present study deals with geochemical and petrographic analysis of the Kirana Hill shield rocks of Punjab plains from Buland, Hachi, Shaheen Abad, Shaikh and Machh hills. On basis of the current studies certain modifications have been made in the classification and nomenclature of rocks exposed in the study areas. Chemical analyses have also been carried out in order to calculate Cross Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington (CIPW) norms”, to strengthen nomenclature scheme and finally rocks are classified by using “MAGMA SOFTWARE”. Rhyolites predominate over the basalts/dolerites, andesites, and phyllite/ slate. Rhyolitic rocks are light grey, greenish grey and light brown in color, aphanitic in nature. The observed microscopic textures are aphyric, phyric or porphyritic and micropoikilitc. Moreover, some rhyolitic rocks also show flow texture. They are either cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline or microcrystalline to cryptocrystalline. No glassy material has been observed in any thin section. Mafic rocks are characterized by the presence of ferromagnesian minerals with plagioclase. Andesites exhibit mainly porphyritic texture, but aphyric texture has also been observed in few samples. Hydrothermal alterations are also very common in these rocks. Other rock assemblages identified during laboratory studies from Kirana area include: tuffs i.e. (Lithic Crystal Tuff and Lithic Tuff), basaltic andesite, rhyodacite/ dacite, slate/ phyllite, ankeritic rocks/ veins and quartzofeldspathic veins. Our studies also reveal that no evidence of quartzite has been found in the samples collected from above mentioned areas of Kirana, although it has been reported in previous literature. Iron (Fe) has been observed in rhyolite as well as other volcanic rocks of Kirana hills, its presence suggests magma from deep mantle instead of crustal melting / anatexis. In the present analysis some primary and secondary copper minerals including chalcopyrite, atacamite and malachite have been identified. Some anomalous values of the Rare Earth Elements are also observed. Inclusive geological investigations are recommended for better studies to appraise the potential of Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and trace/Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the area. Keywords: Mineral, petrographic, chemical analyses, rhyolite, hydrothermal alterations, Kirana Hills
Dry Grinding Kinetics of Gölbaşı (Ankara) Andesite in Ball Mill: 8th International Symposium on Aggregates (2016) Kutahya, Turkey
No full textKinetic study using a laboratory steel ball mill was carried out to determine dry grinding properties of andesite sample. The Si (specific rate of breakage) values were determined by using the single sized feed fractions of 850+600 µm, -600+425 µm and -425+300 µm. Dry grinding of single size intervals showed that andesite followed the first-order breakage law. The breakage parameters of andesite in terms of the Si, aT and α values were determined