International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology
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Landslide Hazard Mapping of Bagh District in Azad Kashmir: Landslide Hazard Mapping of Bagh District in Azad Kashmir
No full textLandslide is a process which comprises creep movement, flow movement, rockfalls, snow avalanche and soil flow on a slope. Human beings in hilly regions face catastrophe in the form of land sliding specifically during rain time period. This paper will inspect the study of landslide hazard areas detection from NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)’s Digital Elevation Model and moderate resolution Landsat-8 imagery over the district of Bagh in Azad Kashmir by applying hazard evaluation technique of average weighted overlay method with 6 factors in GIS environment. The outcome of this calculation is an area in the form of hazardous zones in eastern, north-eastern and south eastern of Bagh district in AJK. Landsat-8 imagery is considered effective for observing topographies over a large area while SRTM DEM (1arc second) with large global coverage provides elevation data with 30-meter resolution. GIS technique like assigning weights (weighted overlay method) on different parameters of the landslide can be helpful to policy makers and disaster management departments to overwhelm the serious situation during the hazard. Keywords: Landslide, SRTM, DEM, landsat-8, remote sensing, GIS
Suitability Analysis of Groundwater for Eco-friendly Agricultural Growths in Food Basket of Pakistan : Short Communication
No full textSuitability Analysis of Groundwater for Eco-friendly Agricultural Growths in Food Basket of Pakista
Effective Fragmentation and Flyrock Control Strategies at Quarries : Effective Fragmentation and Flyrock Control Strategies at Quarries
No full textThis paper presents the effective fragmentation and flyrock control strategies that could be applied at quarries to improve the productivity and safety. Fragmentation measurement and modelling as well as a comprehensive drill and blast audit are essential for improving the fragmentation. Face profiling and bore tracking are good tools to manage the ―as-designed‖ and ―as-drilled‖ conditions to get reasonable fragmentation from face burden zone and minimise the flyrock risk. In general, a large scatter in fragmentation data was observed at sites and the causes should be analysed by a detailed root-cause analysis technique. Two case studies were presented in this paper showing some of the effective fragmentation strategies. Finally, a flyrock model was shown to determine the safe blast exclusion zone for the mining equipment and personnel. Some key guidelines were suggested to minimise the occurrence of the flyrock
Effect of Coarse Aggregate and Slag Type on the Mechanical Behavior of High and Normal Weight Concrete Used at Barrage Structure : Effect of Coarse Aggregate and Slag Type on the Mechanical Behavior of High and Normal Weight Concrete Used at Barrage Structure
No full textPresent study is an effort to assess the composite effect of limestone aggregate and blast furnace slag on the mechanical characteristics of normal and high weight concrete at various structural units (barrage girders, main weir and block apron) of New Khanki Barrage Project, Punjab. Mix designs for different concrete classes falling under the domain of high and normal weight concrete were prepared after aggregate quality testing. On attaining satisfactory results of quality testing nine concrete mixes were designed (three for each class: A1, A and B) by absolute volume method (ACI- 211.1). The required compressive strength of normal and high strength was set at 6200, 5200 and 4200 Psi for the concrete types A1, A and B respectively after 28 days (ACI -318). For compressive strength assessment, a total 27 concrete cylinders were casted (9-cylinders for each mix) and were water cured. The achieved average UCS of cylinder concrete specimens at 3, 7 and 28 days are 5170, 6338 and 7320 Psi for A1 – type, 3210, 4187 and 5602 Psi for A-type and 2650, 3360 and 4408 Psi for B- type mix. It has been found that all concrete mixes for suggested classes attained target strength at age of 7-days. The coarse aggregate (Margala Hill limestone) and fine aggregates (from Lawrancepur /Qibla Bandi quarries) used in all concrete mix designs have demonstrated a sound mechanical suitability for high and normal weight concrete. Keywords: Limestone, aggregate, compressive strength, concrete mix design
GIS Based Morphometric Analysis of Bori-Chikli Watershed of Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India: GIS Based Morphometric Analysis of Bori-Chikli Watershed of Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
No full textWater is a very important asset for life on the earth. Because of an increasing demand, groundwater exploration and exploitation needs detailed geo-scientific investigations. GIS and remote sensing are an advent technology useful in drainage morphometric studies. In present investigation, authors studied morphometry of the drainage systems. Geologically, area is composed of alluvium, massive and/or fractured and weathered basaltic flows (simple and compound) and small patches of sand gravel and silt along major streams with E-W, NW-SE and N-S trending dykes. Morphometric analysis explains the geometry of drainage basin, drainage network, texture and relief characteristics. The study area shows dendritic drainage pattern, associated in areas having similar lithology and low relief. Present research paper shows morphometric analysis of drainage basin using high-resolution remote sensing data and GIS tool to evaluate various parameters for watershed development and management plan in Bori-Chikli watershed of the Jalgaon district, Maharashtra state. Keywords: Morphometric analysis, Bori-Chikli watershed, Maharashtra, India
Evaluation of Resistance to Los Angeles Abrasion and Physical Factors with Grindability Properties of Some Aggregate Materials : Evaluation of Resistance to Los Angeles Abrasion and Physical Factors with Grindability Properties of Some Aggregate Materials
No full textIn recent years, the usage of aggregate materials has increased both in Turkey and the entire world. It can be said that the main reason of this rise is the population growth together with the demand towards the more qualitative life. Therefore, the usability of some aggregate materials was investigated in the present paper. The properties of Los Angeles abrasion resistance, freezing-thaw resistance, slake durability strength and frost resistance of basalt and andesite samples obtained from Karaman and Ankara regions were studied at the first stage. In the second order, the grindability performance of these materials was also determined from the discontinuous grinding tests and the obtained results were correlated. Whereas the Los Angeles resistance of the basalt sample was higher than the andesite sample, the mass losses after the freezing-thaw and the frost tests for the andesite sample were superior. Both of the basalt and andesite samples were classified as ‘very high’ for their slake durability strength (Id-2) values. The material percentage of the andesite sample, which is passing through the sub-size ( %90) was greater than the value obtained for the basalt sample during the same grinding time. The resistance to the crushing process was obtained to be maximum at -850+600 µm of feed size for the basalt and the andesite samples
Assessment of Pollution Load in Marble Waste Water in Khairabad, District Nowshera, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan : Assessment of Pollution Load in Marble Waste Water in Khairabad, District Nowshera, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
No full textThe current research was conducted to investigate pollution load in marble wastewater of marble industries in Khairabad, District Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. These marble industries dispose their wastes directly into the river Kabul passing through Jehangira and Khairabad, District Nowshera. For this purpose water samples were collected from selected locations of the marble industries along the length of river Kabul. Physical parameters like pH, temperature and electrical conductivity were analyzed on the spot, while Total Suspended Solids and Total Dissolved Solids were analyzed in laboratory using standard methods. Heavy metals were analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were compared with Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) and concluded that some of the parameters were within the safe limits of PAK-EPA, but the heavy metals concentrations were very high and thus affect water resources, if not adequately and properly managed. Moreover, the concerned sectors should regularly monitor the marble factories. Keywords: Wastewater, physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, Pak-EPA
Water Quality Assessment and Hydrochemistry of Shallow Groundwater in Bhara Kahu area, Islamabad, Pakistan : Water Quality Assessment and Hydrochemistry of Shallow Groundwater in Bhara Kahu area, Islamabad, Pakistan
No full textThe groundwater quality of Bhara Kahu, Islamabad has been evaluated using water samples collected from 8 localities. The analysis has been performed to determine the drinking and irrigation groundwater quality. The standard procedures were adopted after the American Public Health Association (APHA) for sampling. The analysis revealed the concentration of the Ca, K, Mg, Na, NO3, HCO3, SO4, Cl, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), hardness, turbidity, pH, alkalinity and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used to compare with the results for the determination of the quality of groundwater. It is concluded that the groundwater in the Bhara Khau area is not polluted and may be used for drinking purpose. The geochemical evolution of groundwater describes it to be of Ca-HCO3 type showing a single aquifer having a younger groundwater. The suitability of the groundwater determined by the EC and the sodium hazard determines the groundwater to be safe. Keywords: Groundwater, physicochemical, Bhara Kahu, hydrochemical facies
Mesoscopic Structures can give Insights to the Regional Ones –An Example of Pumpelly’s Rule from a part of Kala-Chitta Range near Kahi Village, Nizampur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: An Insight into Economic Geology : Short Communication
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Spatial and Temporal Changes in Salinity of Arable Lands in Shah Bandar Tehsil, Thatta District, Sindh
Get PDFThe cultivable lands are reducing significantly in hot and dry arid regions of the world due to soil salinity and sodicity resulting in yield losses. Similarly, the coastal Shah Bandar Tehsil of Thatta district is also severely affected by different levels of soil salinity and sodicity. The topography of the area is uneven, so ill drained depressions and saline creeks are common. This area was worst affected by floods of 2010 and 2011. The flood water kept standing for several months causing water logging in the area. Irrigation is done with perennial and non perennial canals, as groundwater is highly saline due to saltwater flooding and seawater intrusion. In order to identify spatial and temporal variations in soil salinity and sodicity, 48 soil samples were collected from six sites of Shah Bandar Tehsil during Post and Pre monsoon seasons of 2011-2013. Physicochemical data indicate that average pHe of soil ranges between 7.4 and 7.8 during Post and Pre monsoon seasons of 2011-2013. While soil salinity (ECe) and sodicity (SAR) ranged from 1.09 to 47.10 dS/m and 2.43 to 43.79 during Post monsoon seasons of 2011 and 2013 respectively. Whereas, during Premonsoon seasons of 2012 and 2013, EC and SAR ranged from 2.30 to 65.8 dS/m and 3.12 to 50.51 respectively. Thus, soil salinity and sodicity vary from site to site and season to season due to arid climate, high evapotranspiration and fallow lands because of reduced flow of freshwater and seawater intrusion. Data show that the soil quality improved significantly as indicated by reduced soil salinity and sodicity due to floods of 2010 and 2011.
Keywords: Soil salinity, temporal and spatial variation, coastal area, seawater intrusion, flood effects