International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology
Not a member yet
352 research outputs found
Sort by
Pseudomonas Otitidis and Bacillus Subtilis from Saline Soil of Pakistan Exhibiting a Potential for Calcium Precipitation
Get PDFBiomineralization is an important phenomenon reported in microbes of different environments. Present study deals with the analysis of mineralization potential of two salt tolerant species named IQ (Pseudomonas otitidis) and NAY (Bacillus subtilis) isolated from rhizosphere soil. These strains have the ability to show precipitation in acetate supplemented culture medium incubated for 21 days and showed positive results for urease tests. Increase in microbial precipitation was recorded in both strains. However, strain NAY (Bacillus subtilis) showed more precipitation as compared to other IQ (Pseudomonas otitidis). It was also observed that this precipitation was associated with increase in pH of the medium from 7.0 to 8.0 that started to increase on 4th day of culture incubation and increased slightly till 15 days. The FTIR analysis of the calcite crystals showed visible peaks at 711-1400 cm-1 wavelength. The visible bubbling appeared in acid test assay further confirmed the calcite precipitation. The mineral precipitation in both species under salt stress is significant for soil consolidation as well as adjusting soil pH under acidic conditions. 
Determinants of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change by Farmers in District Sargodha, Pakistan: Determinants of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change by Farmers in District Sargodha, Pakistan
No full textPakistan is one of the most affected countries vulnerable to climate change. Additionally, being a predominantly agricultural economy, farming community is more at risk and climate change is predicted to decrease crop yields in Pakistan as a result of higher temperature, variability in rainfall and floods. Understanding the perception and adoption strategies to climate is important to preparing farming community for climate change impact. The present study was aimed to explore determinants of adaptation strategies to climate change by farmers. The data were collected through interview schedule. Logit regression model was used to explore the factors influencing the decision of farmer adaptation strategies to climate change. The study explored that education, farming experience, annual farm income, access to television, access to extension services, access to climate change information and membership in community based organization are main factors influencing the decision of farmers to climate change adoption. The study recommends that Government must ensure extension service, climate information and credit schemes to farmers to alter the production strategies in response to climate change
Development of a New Laboratory Technique for Reducing the Peak Particle Velocity Arising from the Blast: Development of a New Laboratory Technique for Reducing the Peak Particle Velocity Arising from the Blast
No full textCertain vibrational waves are formed as a result of open quarry blasts. The peak particle velocity occurred by these waves provides that structures and people present around the blast point are negatively affected. Thus it is very important that the peak particle velocity is minimum value. In this study, a new laboratory blast technique has been presented for reducing the peak particle velocity formed by vibrational waves occurring as a result of the blast. Two different experiments were carried out in the laboratory. In the first experiment, three peak particle velocities were measured normally. But, in the second experiment, the peak particle velocity value was measured by using the laboratory technique proposed. After that two experiments are compared each other. As a result of the study, it is realized that the proposed technique has considerably reduced the peak particle velocity values
Seismic Interpretation and Reservoir Evaluation Utilizing 2-D Seismic Data and Wireline Logs of Bijnot-01 Well, Fort Abbas Field, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan : Seismic Interpretation and Reservoir Evaluation Utilizing 2-D Seismic Data and Wireline Logs of Bijnot-01 Well, Fort Abbas Field, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan
No full textPresent study attempts to decipher the subsurface structure and reservoir characterization of Fort-Abbas field, located in Punjab platform, Central Indus Basin utilizing 2-D seismic and wireline logs data. Four seismic lines, 944-FABS-42, 944-FABS-43, 944-FABS-48, 944-FABS-49 and wireline logs of Bijnot-01 well have been used for this research work to delineate subsurface structures and demarcation of zone having fair potential of hydrocarbon accumulation. Formation evaluation for hydrocarbon potential using the reservoir properties is also the foremost objective of this research work. Based on the results of seismic data interpretation of Fort-Abbas field and integrating it with formation tops and wireline logs data, three prominent reflectors have been marked i.e. Eocene Sui Main Limestone, Cretaceous Lower Goru and Jurassic Chiltan Limestone. The structure of the area is interpreted as gently dipping monocline. Based on the breakup of reflectors on seismic section, one normal fault is marked. Time and depth contour maps are generated to demarcate lateral extension and closure of the reservoir. Based on interpretation of wireline logs, a zone has been marked from depth of 504 m to 594 m (Datta Formation) as a favorable zone having good potential for hydrocarbon accumulation. Saturation of hydrocarbon (Sh) in this zone is calculated as 57%. Keywords: 2-D Seismic, Punjab platform, Fort Abbas field, petrophysics, wireline logs
Analysis of Geological, Mechanical and Characteristics of Aggregates used in Tailings Ponds: Analysis of Geological, Mechanical and Characteristics of Aggregates used in Tailings Ponds
No full textIncreasing social demand, economic developments, consumption fluctuations, urbanization, industrialization, modernization, population growth and technical needs have resulted due toincrease in the production of natural resources throughout the world. However, there is a less importance focused on the environmental regulations. Waste water is one of the environmental problemsthatmining activities may cause. It contains a lot of solid and liquid contaminants.Aggregatesare found among the most abundant ones in natural resources. They are obtained from river basins, sea and lake edges, quarries and industries as by products and waste. During mining activities or terminated mining activities, these materials are used in the creation of stability, impermeability and settlement of tailings dam. In this paper, construction of tailings pond by using aggregates are given in detail together with their classification, particle stability, particle shape, particle size, particle texture, covered in minerals of particle, particle porosity and trending to chemical reactivity of aggregates
Structural architecturing and hydrocarbon reservoir potential of Sakesar Limestone: Surghar Range, North Pakistan : Structural architecturing and hydrocarbon reservoir potential of Sakesar Limestone: Surghar Range, North Pakistan
No full textThe Surghar Range western extension of the Trans-Indus ranges constitutes the southeastern anterior foldand-thrust belt of the Kohat Plateau. This structural territory is comprised of various local to regional scale anticlines right from Serkia-Mitha Khattak to Kutki areas. The existing range-front anticlinal trend is well-built along the eastwest trending segment of the Surghar Range. These anticlinal features reveal infantile tendency from east to west and unearthing the platform rock sequences ranging from Permian to Eocene which is unconformably overlain by the Mitha Khattak Formation, equivalent facies to the Rawalpindi Group. This formation in turn has been overlain by the fluvial sediments of Siwalik Group. Overall three major anticlinal structures have been mapped from west to east as the Mitha Khattak, Makarwal and Malla Khel anticline. Different stratigraphic levels are exposed in cores of these anticlines and illustrate probable prospect that could be potential hydrocarbon reservoir horizons. The Eocene Sakesar limestone has been chosen for detailed studies. This horizon exposes along the range front which making fraction of the frontal limbs of different anticlines. Various fractures network and joints pattern has been observed in the Sakesar Limestone at different localities along the range and reveal high secondary porosity and permeability. Most of the secondary features induced and primary diagenetic opening and ruptures planes are interconnected and tenders proficient conduit lattice for munificent circulation of fluids in the Sakesar horizon. Origin of fractures and joints growth is mainly associated to force folding in response to the compressional, transpressional and trans-tensional deformation being observed in the region. The studied anticlines reveal that they are the product of fault-bend and fault-propagation folding tender excellent structural fluid trapping philosophy. The range frontal flanks reveal that different level of strata thrust over the foredeep showing variation in the subsurface level of basal detachment horizon which is too hopeful for the construction of structural traps at various levels. Blending of the structural style of the area with the sedimentary structural features of the Sakesar Limestone of Surghar Range urges that this structural province is significantly associated to make hydrocarbon reservoir potential at the stratigraphic level of Sakesar Limestone. The mapped fractured rocks assist the fluid storage aptitude and transmissivity along the medium to enhance the reservoir eminence of the Sakesar Limestone. That’s why one of the most important preconditions for the hydrocarbon accrual is in hand in the Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges of the outer Himalayan Orogenic province of north Pakistan. Keywords: Surghar Range, deformation style, Sakesar Limestone, reservoir potential, tectonic, diagenetic fractures
Development of the Productivity in European Aggregate Production: 8th International Symposium on Aggregates (2016) Kutahya, Turkey
No full textAggregate industry is one of the indispensable sectors of country economies due to the employment potential and the intense input-output relations with other sectors, especially with the construction sector. In this study, the productivity growth of the countries producing aggregates in Europe over the years 2012 to 2014 is investigated. Data were analyzed using the MPI (Malmquist Productivity Index), which can evaluate the multiple and different unit parameters simultaneously and examine the improvement of the decision making units over time. According to the results, the greatest development was obtained in Latvia and Turkey among the evaluated countries
The Impact of Diagenesis and Dolomitization on the Reservoir Potential of Middle Jurassic Samana Suk Formation from Khanpur Dam Section Hazara Basin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan : The Impact of Diagenesis and Dolomitization on the Reservoir Potential of Middle Jurassic Samana Suk Formation from Khanpur Dam Section Hazara Basin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
No full textDetailed study of the Samana Suk Formation has been carried out from the Khanpur Dam Section. Two lithological units have been identified in the studied section, limestone and dolomite (60% and 40% respectively). The dolomite is present in the form of beds or veins filling fracture and joints. In the field three types of dolomitization can be observed, yellowish, brown and saddle varieties. Microscopic studies reveal either partial, complete and selective dolomitization, which include (1) fine crystalline planar-euhedral, subhedral dolomite and non-planer anhedral dolomites (2) fine to medium crystalline non-planar-anhedral dolomite, (3) medium crystalline planar-euhedral dolomite, (4) coarse crystalline planar-subhedral dolomite, (5) coarse crystalline non-planar-Anhedral dolomite and (6) saddle dolomites. The dolomitic facies have intercrystalline porosity compared to limestone facies, which is characterized by inter-particles, moldic, vug, intraparticle, fractures and burrows porosities. The porosity of the limestone facies varies between 3% and 6%, which increase to 12% in the fractured samples, while the porosity of the dolomitic facies is in the range of7% and 14%. It has been concluded that the increasing porosity is the direct result of dolomitization. This interpretation is consistent with the field and petrographic observation, which indicate that dolomitization is secondary in nature. The dolomitization is the direct result of fluid along the fault plane due to tectonic loading creating pressure gradient. Keywords: Samana Suk Formation, diagenesis, dolomitization, Hazara basin, porosity analysis
River Profile Analysis to Identify Active Tectonic Imprints in Rossenna Watershed, Northern Apennines, Italy: River Profile Analysis to Identify Active Tectonic Imprints in Rossenna Watershed, Northern Apennines, Italy
No full textNorthern Apennines is tectonically an active fold and thrust belt. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based drainage network was extracted to analyze river profiles to document the influence of neotectonics on landscape evolution in Rossenna river basin, northern Apennines Italy. This approach decodes the neotectonic signals by computing channel steepness, Hack stream-length gradient (HSLG) and knickpoints analyses. The main objective was to examine how spatially variable rock uplift relate to changes in river morphology. The results obtained are consistent with the recent tectonic uplift of the region. The presence of knickpoint anomalies and higher values of steepness and HSLG index in south west region and the lower segments of Rossenna River indicate high relative uplift in these areas, which is related to the presence of strikeslip and thrust faulting. It is concluded that these results are useful to constrain the active tectonics in a simpler and faster way using river profile analysis. Keywords: DEM, neotectonics, river profile, steepness, knickpoints, Hack stream-length gradient index, Apennine
Characterization of Limestone Aggregates for Iron-Steel Industry : Characterization of Limestone Aggregates for Iron-Steel Industry
No full textLimestone is a basic industrial raw material. It is consumed by 84% in chemical industry, 12% in refractory and road construction and 4% in civil engineering, agricultural applications and iron steel industry and substantial quantity as lime. Limestone as a source of lime should have some specific physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, technological processes for high quality lime production are also very important. In this investigation, chemical composition, physical properties (bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption rate), mechanical properties (Schmidt strength and Los Angeles Abrassive strength) and thermogravimetric properties (TGDTA) of limestone samples were determined. The tests were carried out to determine the characteristic properties of limestone for high quality lime production suitable for iron-steel making industry