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Sleep quality of inpatients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19
No full textBackground: Low sleep quality and sleep disturbances are reported to be higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period. This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the factors that affect their sleep quality.Materials and methods: Patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at the pandemic clinic of a University Training and Training Hospital between 15 May-15 September 2020 were included. The study included 150 patients who agreed to participate in the study, who were hospitalized in the COVID-19 clinics in a Training and Research Hospital. Adult patients over the age of 18 who had been accepted to participate in were enrolled in the study. The patients who had any diagnosed sleep-related disorders or neurological and psychiatric diseases were excluded. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Results: The patient’s PSQI score average was significantly higher in females, illiterate, married, and individuals with the first three days of diagnosis of disease. During their 75.2% hospitalization time, sleep patterns deteriorated and 90.0% of those patients also deteriorated 1-3 days after hospitalization. Given the conditions that caused sleep disorders during the time hospitalized, there were causes such as respiratory distress (41.3%), hospital environment (36.1%) and pain (32.0%). The requirements that patients need most to improve their sleep quality during the hospital period may be said to be good management of disease symptoms (36.4%), increased social support systems (33.3%), and communication with health staff (20.0%).Conclusion: For sleep disorders in hospitalized patients with a positive (+) diagnosis of COVID-19, it can be said that 71.3% of the patients have poor sleep quality.</p
Review on the prevalence and economic importance of camel tuberculosis in Ethiopia
No full textCamel tuberculosis is a chronic disease, which is portrayed by the development of granulomas, essentially in the respiratory tract and related lymph nodes, from which the mycobacteria are discharged and contaminate other susceptible animals. Camel tuberculosis has public health implications, especially in pastoral areas of Ethiopia due to the communities having the habit of consuming raw milk and its products and those who do have consistent or day-to-day contact with their camels. In the pastoral areas of Ethiopia, the camel is the spine of their everyday life and extraordinarily adjusted to cruel conditions camels are for the most part raised in Afar, Somali, and Oromia (Borena, Kereyu and Guji). Camels have a high contribution to the economic development of the country. The pastoral community utilized camel products, such as milk and meat, and used camels for various purposes for example, for transportation, drafting, ploughing land, festivity and rivalry as in dashing. In most parts of Ethiopia, camel milk is accepted as a treatment for gastritis, asthmatics, stomach inconvenience, HIV, Hamot (kar), tuberculosis, fever, urinary issues and hepatitis. Among significant illnesses, tuberculosis is one of the principles, which influence camel’s Health and has a zoonotic impact. In addition to this, the etiological agents are transmitted to humans through an aerogenous route from those animals with active cases in the herd. The infection has been reported from several parts of pastoral areas of the country essentially dependent on tuberculin tests and abattoir inspections. Therefore, attention should be given to the control of tuberculosis in livestock; public health education on the zoonotic importance of the disease or awareness creation and the national tuberculosis control needs to consider the one health approach and further epidemiological studies should be undertaken.</p
Survival and epidemiological, social, economic and clinical aspects of pediatric peritoneal dialysis: An integrative review
No full textIntroduction: The kidneys are fundamental organs for survival and the progressive loss of their functions causes the loss of regulatory, excretory and endocrine functions, essentially affecting the entire balance of the organism. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered a complex disease and a worldwide public health problem with the number of patients continuously increasing, even in the pediatric population. CKD often progresses to end-stage requiring Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice to maximize the survival, growth, and development of pediatric patients, however, if dialysis is necessary, Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a high-quality and low-cost RRT modality preferred therapy for children and adolescents with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). In this scope, this study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the survival and the epidemiological, clinical, social and economic profile of children and adolescents with PD.Methods: It is an integrative review whose data collection was carried out between January 2019 and January 2021 following the methodology suggested by the literature, using a validated data collection instrument. The following health science descriptors (DECs) from the VHL portal (virtual health library) were used: children, adolescents, chronic peritoneal dialysis, survival and epidemiology.Results: Thirty-five studies were selected and evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). The level of evidence of the articles was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) scale. Survival and epidemiological, social, economic and clinical aspects of pediatric PD in Brazil and worldwide have been described and reviewed.Conclusions: The complexity and costs involved in the care of pediatric patients in RRT impact their survival. Mortality and morbidity are higher than in healthy children and life expectancy is considerably lower. ESKD is more severe in the pediatric population and interferes with general development, weight and height gain, regulation of mineral metabolism and causes definitive cardiovascular calcifications. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice to maximize the survival, growth and development of pediatric patients. However, if dialysis is necessary PD is the first-choice modality in this population. Unfortunately, data are scarce in the literature on its survival and its epidemiological, social, economic and clinical aspects.</p
A multivariate analysis of veterinary preferences for NSAIDs in Nigeria
No full textVultures are obligate scavengers known to accomplish incredible ecological feats unmatched by other birds of prey. However, the role of animal health specialists in vulture conservation is under-emphasized in Nigeria, despite vulture’s explicit dependence on the carcasses of domesticated livestock under the regime of veterinary caregivers. In our research, we evaluate the perception of animal health specialists on vultures and the veterinary use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for livestock treatment in the study location. Data collated from a semi-structured questionnaire were analyzed using correspondence analysis to produce a simple visual display of the complex count data matrix. The prevalence of 10 NSAIDs was analyzed along 3 column attributes namely; Not-in-Use (NU), Rarely-Used (RU), and Frequently-Used (FU). The NSAIDs were statistically under the significant influence by the column attributes at 0.05 alpha-level (X2≤64.35;P<0.0000), with the principal axis accounting for 74.33% of the total inertia. Ketoprofen aggregated close to the centroid, while diclofenac and Ibuprofen were strongly associated with FU. Aspirin and Indomethacin inclined significantly towards the NU and RU axes, respectively. Despite the global consensus on the toxic influence of some NSAIDs on the vultures, about 90% of the research respondents were unaware of the hazards toxic NSAIDs are likely to impose on the vultures. Diclofenac has received less than enough focus, despite its extended use for livestock treatment in Nigeria. Future conservation interventions should therefore be designed to involve, engage and educate the veterinary practitioners in Nigeria. </p
Secondary metabolites production combined with lead bioremediation by Halamphora sp. marine diatom microalgae and their physiological response
Get PDFThis study was designed to investigate the physiological and biochemical response of the diatom microalgae Halamphora sp. (SB1 MK575516.1) to the toxicity of lead (Pb) as well as its ability as phytoremediation. Four different concentrations of Pb (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1) were applied for 10 days. Fatty acid profile, mineral composition, secondary metabolite contents, and physiological responses have been determined in Halamphora biomass. We found that this metal was mainly removed by bio adsorption on cell surfaces and that Halamphora sp. could acclimatize upon long-term exposure to Pb stress. A decrease in the cell’s number and size, polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as mineral content in Halamphora sp were observed under Pb stress. However, an increase in polyphenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid contents has been recorded at 100 mg Pb L-1, with stimulation of the antioxidant capacity as measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. An increase in MDA, proline, and H2O2 levels were also observed. On the other hand, the deleterious effect of Pb resulting from the cellular oxidative state can be alleviated by the enzymatic system such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). The present study indicates the ability of Halamphora sp. to remove heavy metals from the aquatic environment and produce antioxidant biomolecules.</p
New Rice (Oryza sativa L.) demonstration and popularization in Pawe district, Metekel zone, North Western Ethiopia
Get PDFRice is one of the millennium crops that give more attention by the government of Ethiopia to bring food security across the nation. Research has been conducted on rice and released promising rice varieties by Pawe agricultural research center in collaboration with Adet agricultural research center in the past. The objective of this demonstration was to popularize and demonstrate the newly released rice variety i.e. PSBRC92 and to get feedback from the end-users. In the field demonstration, a total of 50 rice producer farmers participated and they have given their own suggestions concerning the new rice variety compared with the check one. The advantages of using the new rice variety over the standard check are early maturity and high quality of resistance to diseases. Farmers’ agricultural experts and researchers were discussed fruitfully. Finally, farmers showed their interest to use the new rice variety, if they have got access to get the seed. Generally, all the stakeholders have agreed to do more to maximize and popularization of the new rice variety and the paper will provide some information to the readers about rice variety development research in Pawe as well as in Ethiopia.</p
Effects of photo-selective netting in Summer Beefsteak Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation on the environmental conditions under nets as well as growth and yield
Get PDFLocated in a subtropical zone, Taiwan has intense summer sunlight that affects beefsteak tomato cultivation. In this study, beefsteak tomatoes were grown net-house under photo-selective netting of different colors to investigate netting performance. A significantly higher photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was observed under the 24-mesh white (W24) and 24-mesh pink (H24) netting. A difference between the four net-house was only observed for wavelengths of 500–599nm. In 32-mesh blue (B32), the red to blue (R/B) and red to far-red (R/FR) ratios were significantly lower across canopies. The photosynthetic capacity of photosystem II of leaves in W24 was the lowest among the four treatments. In all four, fruit growth was relatively low under the impact of high temperatures, with the lowest single fruit weight and the smallest number of fruits per plant observed in W24. In H24 and 24-mesh pink (HH24), the yield per plant was significantly higher. Significantly fewer whiteflies were observed in the netting houses in H24, HH24, and B32 than in W24. However, the netting still failed to prevent high temperatures at noon. In H24 and HH24, the amount of light retained in the canopies was greater, the photosynthesis capacity was unchanged, the fruit yield was greater and the number of whiteflies in the netting houses was significantly lower. Therefore, pink netting is recommended for beefsteak tomato cultivation.</p
Role of pet animals (dogs, cats) for emerging and re-emerging zoonoses disease: Review
No full textA pet has been shared in the environment many times and also they are bringing major psychological well-being to society. However, dogs and cats were a carrier of microorganisms that are pathogens for human infection, like viral, bacterial, parasitic, and others. From those pathogens are the emerging or re-emerging viral zoonoses for a human being, such as rabies, cowpox, rotaviruses, and others. Bacterial infections include scratches, pasteurellosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira, and tuberculosis leading to severe cases for people because of the different factors which occur in pet animals. Similarly, parasitic infections including hydatidosis, and leishmaniasis, are also recalled as pet-related zoonotic diseases. Lack of Veterinary care, good personal hygiene and pet hygiene, and absence of health education are the factors such as a risk of zoonotic infection.</p
Risk factors and incidence rates of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people with vaccine booster in general medicine, Toledo (Spain), for the period December 2021 to February 2022
Get PDFBackground: The effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 has been demonstrated, but because new variants appear and immunity fades over time, continuous monitoring is necessary.Objectives: To determine incidence rates (IR) and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people with vaccine booster (VB).Methodology: An observational, longitudinal, and prospective study of patients with COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people with VB in a general practice setting in Toledo, Spain, for the period December 2021 to February 2022, during the wave of infections by omicron variant.Results: Forty-six cases of COVID-19 breakthrough infections with booster shot were included. The IR was 3.1 cases per 100 people with booster. The IR was higher in < 45 years (4.7%) vs. > 65 years (4.2%), and in women (3.6%) vs. man (2.6%). The only statistically significant risk/prevention factors were the presence of diseases of the skin [RR = 2.74 (95% CI: 1.3, 5.79)], Genitourinary chronic diseases [RR = 1.87 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.95)], complex family [RR = 0.22 (CI 95%: 0.58, 0.08)] and chronic diseases of the mental group [RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.2)].Conclusion: The IR of COVID-19 breakthrough infections with a booster shot, at the peak of omicron infections (December 2021-February 2022), in the general medicine clinic, Toledo, Spain, was high, suggesting modest VB protection effectiveness against symptomatic infection. Statistically significant risk and protective factors show mixed results; so, it is hypothesized that they are related to other main variables such as gender and age, and/or with risk/preventive behaviors. However, the small numbers of COVID-19 breakthrough infections with booster shots prevent definitive conclusions.</p
The protection of reinforced concrete structures: Active and passive systems
No full textThe conservation state, maintenance, repair, and complete restoration of reinforced concrete structures are recurring actions necessary to preserve the built infrastructure. A big issue related to enormous costs aimed at extending the service life of construction systems and addressed to sustainability. In the investigated cases of buildings and civil engineering structures, active and passive protection methods are presented. Both exhibit advantages and disadvantages that need to be accurately studied in order to make a correct and durable choice. Generally, active systems are often used in harsh environmental conditions, where more forms of localized corrosion take place, while passive methods are often utilized where the degradation and the structures are less adversely affected by intense degradation phenomena.</p