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Review on Listeriosis in small ruminants and public health significance in Ethiopia
No full textListeria monocytogenes is a bacterium mostly transmitted to man through food and it can cause mild gastroenteritis or severe infections of the bloodstream and/or the central nervous system, or abortion, depending on host susceptibility. Listeriosis is a serious illness caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria, which is a Gram-positive psychotropic, facultatively anaerobic, none sporulating, motile, small rod. It displays characteristic tumbling motility that is facilitated by the presence of peritrichous flagella. Motility is temperature-dependent, showing high motility at 20-30°C when the flagellar expression is maximum. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and can be found in soil, water, feces, silage, effluent foods, and sewage. It has the ability to form biofilms which can contribute to its ability to colonize food processing facilities. The primary mode of transmission for Listeria is through soil contamination and ingestion of contaminated feed. Calves that develop the septicemic disease may acquire infection from contamination of the cow teat from the ingestion of milk containing the organism or from a cow with subclinical bacteremia, through the navel from the environment and also as congenital infection. Infection with Listeria. monocytogenes usually follow ingestion of contaminated feed and may result in septicemia, encephalitis, and abortion. There are few clinical features that are unique to listeriosis. Therefore, clinicians must consider a variety of potential causes of infection, including viral infections (influenza) and other bacterial infections that may cause sepsis or meningitis. Cook thoroughly raw food from animal sources, such as beef, pork, or poultry. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly before eating. Keep uncooked meats separate from vegetables and from cooked foods and ready-to-eat foods. Avoid raw (unpasteurized) milk or foods made from raw milk. Wash hands, knives, and cutting board and can contact with before and after handling cooked foods.</p
Severe polycystic liver disease: An unsual cause of chronic Budd-Chiari Syndrome
No full textAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary disease, characterized by the development of cysts in the renal parenchyma with extra-renal manifestations. Liver damage is rarely a source of complications. A Budd-Chiari syndrome could occur following the compression of the supra-hepatic veins by the cysts. It is an exceptional mechanical complication. We present a case of a 54 year old woman, with a diagnostic of an asymptomatic autosomal dominat polycystic kidney disease since childhood was admitted to our hospital due to significantly increased abdominal girth. The physical examination showed grade III ascites. A paracentesis for relief at admission disclosed an exudative fluid. A abdominal computed tomographic scan showed multiples cystic lesions in the kidneys and liver, with a large hepatic cyst responsible for compression of the suprahepatic veins and the inferior vena cava resulting in chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. The treatment was radiological drainage followed by percutaneous sclerosis of cysts to alleviation of the compression. Unfortunately, the patient died a few days after an intraperitoneal cystic rupture. </p
Clinical features and outcomes of epidermolysis bullosa in thai children: A 20-Year review from a Tertiary Care Center
No full textBackground: Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder with skin fragility. Only a few cases have been reported in Thailand. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes of EB stratified by subtype.Methods: A retrospective single-center study of EB patients at the Dermatology Unit, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, was reviewed from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2021. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and some skin biopsies.Results: There were 38 enrolled patients, age range from 0 to 25 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Family history of EB and consanguineous marriage were found in 6 cases and 2 cases, respectively. The most common type of EB was dystrophic EB (DEB) (26 cases) (68.4%), including recessive DEB in 15 cases (39.5%) and dominant DEB in 11 cases (28.9%). Other types were EB simplex in 10 cases (26.3%) and junctional EB in 2 cases (5.3%). Common complications were cutaneous bacterial infection (39.5%), anemia (31.6%), failure to thrive (18.4%), and protein energy malnutrition (15.8%). Musculoskeletal (21.1%), gastrointestinal (13.2%), and eye complications (7.9%) were exclusively found in DEB. Nineteen patients (50%) received regular follow-ups with a median duration of 9 months (range = 0.5 to 248 months). The mortality rate was 31.6% (6/19). Five cases died from bacterial sepsis, while one case died from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion: DEB is the most common type of EB in Thai children, and bacterial sepsis is the predominant cause of death. Further multicenter and molecular genetic studies are recommended for a definite diagnosis.</p
Surgical management of the urogenital problem in male cattle
No full textObstructive urolithiasis is urine retention due to the calculi lodgment in the urinary tract. Thus, treatment of urolithiasis is basically to establish normal urinary passage, which can be accomplished in various ways depending on the severity of the condition. This case report describes surgical management of urolithiasis through penile amputation in a five-year-old local breed bull that was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu Ethiopia with a complaint of difficulty in passing urine that had developed certain days before presentations. Upon presentation, the animal was found to be dull and depressed, and tail wringing, stamping the feet, kicking at the abdomen, and stretching were observed. On clinical examination per rectal palpation, the urinary bladder was distended. Based on the history and rigorous clinical examination the case was tentatively diagnosed as obstructive urolithiasis. Then penile amputation was performed through a post-scrotal approach after aseptic preparation and controlling of the animal in the appropriate position. Fortunately, after surgery, the animal was urinated continuously and postoperative follow-up and complications were recorded. Finally, the bull was uneventfully recovered and the skin suture was removed on the 15th day of the operation. </p
Anesthetic Management of Critical COVID-19 Infection: A Narrative Review of Concepts and Evidence-Based Clinical Practices
No full textAnesthesiologists are on the frontline in the war against the global COVID-19 pandemic, providing airway, ventilatory, and hemodynamic support to acute patients suffering from severe and critical COVID-19 infection.</p
Glimepiride induced Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH): A case report
No full textThe Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) is an important cause of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients and can be caused by a variety of drugs. SIADH is a recognized side effect of 1st generation sulfonylurea (Chlorpropamide) due to its effect on vasopressin secretion. Here we described a 55-year-old woman with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on glimepiride with SIADH presenting with anorexia, asthenia, and altered mental status. After the withdrawal of glimepiride, these symptoms were improved and sodium level returned to a normal value which demand monitoring of serum sodium level during treatment with glimepiride.</p
Inferior dental nerve symptomatology in dental practice needs exclusion of sickle cell disease
No full textSickle cell disease is defined as two abnormal beta-globin genes at least one of which is the sickle cell gene denoted by the capital letter S [1]. Other Abnormal beta-globin-genes are denoted either by capital letters of the alphabet C D E G K … [2] or by the name of the place where the abnormal haemoglobin was found, for example, Haemoglobins Korle Bu [3], Osu-Christiansborg [4], K Woolwich [5] all of which are qualitative beta-globin gene abnormalities. There can, however, be a quantitative beta-globin gene abnormality which then is called beta-thalassemia and which I denote as beta-thal. </p
Aromatherapy in conjunction with physical/occupational therapy in an acute care setting: Early results
No full textPain and nausea are common complaints by patients in acute care settings and these symptoms can prevent participation in their physical or occupational therapy sessions. Because mobilization during acute care hospitalization is important for reducing the length of stay, postoperative complications, risk for deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and pressure ulcers, implementing non-pharmacological solutions to engage patients in mobilization is worth investigating. It is hypothesized that the use of inhaled essential oils may improve patients’ perception of pain and their coping with nausea, enabling a patient to have active participation in physical or occupational therapy. This participation can minimize hospitalization-related risks as well as potentially reduce the length of stay in the hospital.This IRB-approved study is an early feasibility, single-site, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial utilizing three essential oils: lavender, mandarin, and peppermint. These oils are administered via an inhalation patch affixed to the chest region of the subject’s gown. Perceived pain or nausea levels are assessed before and after the use of aromatherapy during which the subject participates in their planned physical or occupational therapy session. While it is too early to determine the effects of aromatherapy, preliminary results suggest the use of lavender oil may have a positive effect on pain. </p
Prospective geo-modeling in cardiac surgery with extra-corporeal circulation-partial assessment at the Lille University Hospital
No full textFaced with the imminent opening of the new competing “Lens/Bois-Bernard” care unit in the Nord - Pas-de-Calais region (4 million inhabitants), a prospective modeling study was carried out in 1999 in response to a request from the Lille University Hospital (LUH), which sought to estimate the positive or negative impact on its recruitment catchment areas and consequently on its 1996 cardiac surgery activity (comprising 2 care units, i.e., 84 beds). In 1996, only 3 care units with the “Clinique du Bois” in Lille showed our regional undersupply of cardiac surgery compared to the national average of 5.96 [1,2]. </p
The period of manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents living on the territory of ZATO (Closed administrative-territorial entity)
No full textType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents remains one of the urgent problems of pediatric endocrinology. There is a constant increase in disease rates, both worldwide and Russia. The occurrence of pathology in childhood leads to a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their parents, the early development of chronic complications and disability, which makes type 1 diabetes a social problem in society. Despite numerous scientific works devoted to the study of the factors of manifestation of the disease, the causes of the occurrence are still unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of the study: is to identify and study possible clinical and laboratory features of the onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents permanently residing in the territory of closed administrative-territorial entities (ZATO). Materials and methods: a continuous cohort retrospective study of children with type 1 DM was conducted for the period from 2009-2019, permanently residing in the ZATO territory to obtain data related to the period of manifestation of the disease. The study group included 55 children from 0 - 18 years of age suffering from type 1 diabetes. Results: Data on the anamnesis of life and disease, and indicators of clinical and laboratory studies (fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia, average daily glycemia, average amplitude of glycemia fluctuations and glycated hemoglobin) at the time of disease manifestation are presented. A comparative analysis was carried out with the indicators of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia, the obtained features were described.</p