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Effects of inbreeding depression on the success of artificial reproduction in the African catfish Clarias Gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to establish an effective method of artificial reproduction and larval rearing to improve the fry production of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Thus, a hormonal treatment using ovaprim was used to induce maturity in males and females. Two breeding trials were first conducted on captive populations by crossing a male and female Senegalese strain (♂ss/♀ss), and a male and female Beninese strain (♂bs/♀bs). A third reproduction test was carried out by crossing ♀ss/♂bs and ♂ss/♀bs but for this test, the ♀ss and ♂ss are wild breeders that were collected from the natural environment. For the first two breeding tests (♂ss/♀ss and ♂bs/♀bs, respectively), fertilized eggs either did not hatch or some hatched but the fry did not survive. Although the number of broodstock used in these first two breeding tests is small, this lack of hatching and poor larval survival may reflect inbreeding depression. The third breeding test was successful as females and males, respectively, produced large quantities of eggs (13g of eggs for ♀ss and 32g of eggs for ♀bs) and sufficient quantities of sperm to fertilize the eggs (approximately 12g for the Benin strain and 5g for the Senegal strain). Hatching rates of 90% and 60% were obtained for the ♀ss/♂bs and ♀bs/♂ss breeding’s, respectively, after incubation of fertilized eggs on water hyacinth (natural substrate) and pompon (artificial substrate). Comparisons of growth rates of larvae fed two different diets (combination of natural and artificial food, and artificial food alone) showed that artificial food alone was more effective for growth, especially after one month of rearing. The high larval mortalities recorded especially at the end of the experiment were mainly due to poor water quality. Thus, this study provided a better understanding of the conditions in the hatchery and larval culture systems that are critical to the success of artificial reproduction and optimal growth of C. gariepinus fry.</p
Integration of annual forage legume with maize for better feed availability of livestock in maize dominated mixed farming system of Southern Region, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study was conducted at Dore Befano and Meskan district of Sidma regional state and Gurage zone of south nation, nationalities, and peoples of southern Ethiopia’s (SNNPR), where maize dominated. The trial was conducted to evaluate the outcome of under sowing lablab on the grain yield, Stover, and appropriate time and seeding rate of forage crop under sowing. The trial was implemented using a 3 by 3 factorial combination with two sole treatments in an RCBD with three replications. The treatments were sole Maize (T1). Sole forage (T2) and Maize & Forage Simultaneous with maize sowing date full Simultaneous with maize sowing date 75%, Simultaneous with maize sowing date at 50%, Maize & Forage After 15 days of maize sowing full, after 15 days of maize sowing 75%, After 15 days of maize sowing 50%, Maize & Forage After 30 days of maize sowing full, Maize & Forage After 30 days of maize sowing 75% and Maize & Forage After 30 days of maize sowing 50% T3 to T11 respectively. Under sowing of lablab with maize did not affect the grain yield of maize. Among experiments, T5 was a more appropriate seeding rate and sowing time for under sowing of lablab with maize.</p
Assessment of oral health among elderly living in old age homes and within family set up in Bareilly city: A cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: Aging is a natural process but at the same time, the aging population has substantially increased. Socially this stage is considered the total of one lived experience. Materials and methods: The sample size has been 200 which is 100 in each group. Individuals beyond 60 years of age and who will be able to cooperate with the study were included in the study. World Health Organization oral health assessment form (2013) was used to record the oral health status of the subjects. The data were entered into an excel sheet and transferred to SPSS V. 21. for statistical analysis and Chi-square and ANOVA tests were done. Results: On assessment, 83 percent of old-age home residents and 68 percent from the family group did not have a periodontal pocket. Nonetheless, 12 percent of the individuals in a care home and 31% of the subjects in the family setting had pocket depths of 4-5 mm, while 1% of both groups had pocket depths of 6 mm. In comparison among elderly within the family set up and old age, homes reported a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.001) Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the institutionalized geriatric population suffers from a wide range of dental illnesses, the most frequent of which is dental caries. For the same, many of them require extensive treatment.</p
Factors influencing period poverty among female adolescent students in public secondary schools in EDE North, Osun State
Get PDFBackground: Period poverty, which includes a lack of access to menstrual products, can lead to poor menstrual hygiene by wearing pads or tampons for too long to manage what they have, absorbing menstrual blood with newspapers or dirty clothes, and not washing or washing the vagina with dirty water these unhealthy practices can lead to things like fungal infection, bacterial infection, yeast infection and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Period poverty is a serious issue in Nigeria but is overlooked and understudied. The study assessed the level of period poverty among the respondents and the factors influencing period poverty.Methods: This study adopted a descriptive design to describe the factors associated with period poverty among public secondary school students in Ede, Osun state. A multistage sampling technique was used for the study. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, and the level of significance was α0.05.Results: The mean age was 14.2 ± 3.8 years. 29.8% were from JSS1, 25.3% were from JSS2, 25.0% were from SSS1, and 19.9% were from SSS2. Results revealed that the majority 79.5% experienced intense period poverty, 14.1% were rated average, and 6.4% experienced less intense period poverty. 72.4% had personal factors that can influence period poverty, while 27.6% had personal factors that might not influence period poverty. 70.6% gave responses that show the school having conditions that can contribute to period poverty while 29.4% gave responses that show the school having conditions that would not contribute to period poverty. 76.6% had background factors that could influence Period Poverty, while 23.4% had background factors that might not influence period poverty. Conclusion: Curbing these factors that influence (increase) the rate of period poverty would reduce its effects. </p
The effect of radiation dose on CBCT measurements of maxillary gingival thickness
No full textPurposes: 1. to measure Gingival Thickness (GT) both directly and with CBCT using various exposure times, and compare them. 2. to compare hard tissue measurements between different exposure times within each CBCT system. The study hypothesis was that accuracy of CBCT GT measurement is impaired when reducing exposure time. Methods: 8 fresh pig maxillae were utilized for each of two CBCT scan systems (SysA and SysB). Eight disposable dental needles were inserted into the gingival tissue of each jaw until reaching resistance from the underlying bone. A mark on each needle at its entrance point into the soft tissue was created using a permanent marker. Jaws were scanned twice, using low (RadL) and high (RadH) exposure times. The needles were extruded, and an electronic caliper was used to measure the length of the penetrated portion of the needle in mm (Cli). Radiographic GT was measured on cross sectional images, produced in the axial direcion of the 3D location of the needles (Rad) in two software systems (R and I). Descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA were performed. Significance was set at 5%. Results: Software I mean Cli was 2.22mm ± 0.54mm, RadL and RadH were 2.34mm ± 0.47mm and 2.34mm ± 0.52mm. Software R RadL and RadH were 2.16mm ± 0.50mm and 2.23mm ± 0.49mm, respectively. Using pairwise comparisons, both soft and hard tissue RadL and RadH were not statistically different. There was a good correlation between clinical and radiographic measurements of gingival thickness and essentially no significant difference between higher and lower radiation doses. Conclusions: Reducing CBCT radiation may be possible without affecting accuracy of radiographic gingival thickness measurements , thus opening the way to a wider utilization of CBCT in dentistry.Clinical relevance: Reducing radiation dose may enable a wider utilization of CBCT in dentistry.</p
Transosteal radial free flap in palate reconstruction
No full textThe reconstruction of the palate has been a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon, due to the multiple complications that arise, such as infection, dehiscence, and fall of the flap used. We present the description of a new radial free flap fixation technique, commonly used for this type of reconstruction. This transosteal fixation technique prevents dehiscence and flap descent in all cases performed, by combining two widely used procedures, the radial free flap, and the Lefort I osteotomy, with excellent results.</p
Determination of some heavy metals and microbial profile of raw Sugar samples collected from Sudanese Sugar Industries in season 2017 in relation to EU.1998 and ICUMSA,1974 standards
Get PDFThe study was conducted in Sudanese Sugar Industries during the period 2017 to aim the determination some heavy metals and microbial profiles of raw Sugar samples collected from Sudanese Sugar Industries in season 2017 in relation to EU.1998 and ICUMSA,1974 standards. The samples were obtained from all Sudanese Sugar Industries namely, (Kenana, White Nile, Assalaya, Sennar, Guneid, and New Halfa). After that the samples were transferred to the laboratory to assess the quality parameters of raw sugar which include the determination of some heavy metals content of sugar cane per mg/kg in Sudanese sugar companies which include Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic, Determination Microbial analysis for final sugar which includes Detection of Thermopolis Bacteria (Sporeforming Bacteria, Bacteria producing H2S and H2 swell) and Determination Methophilic Bacteria (Total Count of bacteria CFU/10 gm, Determination Coliform Bacteria CFU/ 10 gm, Determination of Leuconstoc Mesenteroides Bacteria CFU/10 gm. and Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds CFU/ 10 gm and Determination the concentration of Dextran. and the data were analyzed by using a Statistical system Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and analysis of variance technique by Least Significant Different Test (LSD) according to Fisher’s LSD method, 2010 at (Probability 0.05). Was applied to compare differences between means. The results showed that the mean concentration of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic was (0.02 mg/ kg grams of sugar), (0.62 mg/ kg sugar), (6.74 mg/ kg sugar), and (2.73mg/ kg sugar). These results Indicate all sample industries were agreeable with critical limit maximum value. It was concluded that the total count of Bacteria for raw Sugar White Nile and Sennar agreed with recommended limit. In the case of total yeasts, Sporeforming Bacteria, and Dextranium Bacteria all samples Industries were highest than the critical limit. While the total Moulds and Bacteria Production H2S all samples Industries were less than the critical limit except Kenana and Guneid respectively. Concerning the Total Count of Leuconstoc Mesenteroides Bacteria in sugar, the results revealed all samples Industries were higher than the recommended limit. And the samples Industries were online with the recommended limit concerning the dextran concentration except Guneid industry was highest than the critical limit (75 ppm). The study recommended that the Sudanese Sugar Industry needs to establish proper quality assurance laboratories to help in monitoring the quality and safety of raw materials and end products.In conclusion, the grain yield of maize increased with increasing N rate and plant density up to the optimum. Therefore, it’s possible to recommend using a high N rate with both low and medium plant density (< 45,000 plants ha-1) and (45,000 to 65,000plants ha-1) to harvest high grain yield. </p
Surgical management of rectal prolapse in ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus)
No full textOut of 300 ostrich chicks imported from South Africa, five chicks of age two months faced rectal prolapse problems at once in the Ostrich Farm Private Limited Rupandehi, Nepal. The feather around the red protruded mass was removed and the protruded mass was cleaned with normal saline. The protruded mass was pushed with gentle pressure and corrected through surgical correction. A blood sample was taken for the analysis of the Hematological profile and the fecal sample was observed under the microscope through floatation and sedimentation techniques. On the fecal examination, no parasites were found. Feed management was done for the first day and Calcium with vitamins and other minerals was given. On the next day, two birds having small protruded masses were recovered. The protruded mass of the next three chicks was restored. Local anesthesia was given with 2ml 2%xylocaine solution around the vent region. Purse string suture is done with silk thread around the anal orifice. Blood serum examination reveals that severe low level of calcium i.e. 6.7,7.1,6.5,6.8,6.9 respectively in all 5 ostrich chicks which should be in the normal range of 9-24. As per my case study, the main cause of this prolapse is the low calcium level, the low fiber in the diet and cold stress due to the winter season.</p
Seroprevalence of Brucella infection in sheep and goat in two Woreda, in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textThe cross-sectional research study was conducted from November 2015 up to April 2016 in order to assess the prevalence of Brucella infection in shoats in two woredas in the Arsi zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in six Peasant Associations (3 PAs from each district). A total of 397 sheep and goats were sampled to be studied. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used as a Screening test for Brucella agglutinins, while Complement Fixation Test (CFT) was used to confirm the reactors by Rose Bengal Plate Test. The statistical analysis of the data was run by Fisher’s exact test and the comparison of proportion was carried out too. Out of the 397 sera samples, 1.51% (n = 6) were seropositive for Brucella infection by RBPT; however, the CFT test indicated that only 0.5% (n = 2) sera were positive. Overall point estimation of 0.2% ovine and caprine Brucella infection was observed. High prevalence has been observed in aborted, parity one (1-5 kidding or lamping), female and in goats than non-aborted, parity two (> 6 lambing or kidding), male and sheep respectively. Especially high Seroprevalence in aborted goats indicates the presence of the illness in the two woredas’. The brucellosis presence in goats and sheep is significant as the infected animals can act as reservoirs of infection and may transmit the infection to human beings by several routes. So, Control measures should be designed and implemented by focusing on the prevention of further illness expansion in the study area by using an appropriate control practices approach.</p
The differential usage of molecular machinery in brain cancer patients with iron-enriched glioma environments
No full textGliomas are neuroepithelial tumors in the brain or spinal cord that arise from glial or precursor cells and include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. They are the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumors, representing 75% of cases in adults and 24% of all cases of primary brain and CNS tumors [1,2]. Despite radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, which are the current gold-standard first-line treatments, patients with gliomas, particularly the highly aggressive and most common subtype glioblastoma multiforme, still have a poor prognosis with a median survival time of 15 months and 5-year survival rates of 5% [3-6]. </p