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Biogenesis of <em>Melia Azedarach</em> silver nanoparticles using leaves and fruits in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines
No full textFolk medicine has been considered one of the novel remedies for treating cancers. Women's cancers are increasing worldwide, and disease recurrence has been a major threat all over the world. Our current study focused on the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by organic methods and their chemo-preventive capacity against the breast (MCF-7) and ovarian cancer (PA-1) cell lines from humans by employing MTT, Flow cytometry, and migration assays. Plant extracts in organic nanoparticle production have become more common in recent years due to their benefits, including affordability, effectiveness, simplicity and briefness. Melia azedarach leaf and fruit methanolic extracts were used to successfully create silver nanoparticles simultaneously to evaluate the potency and efficacy of the extracts. Characterization studies were performed using synthesized M. azedarach silver nanoparticles (MA-AgNPs). A typical SPR peak was discovered ranging from 400 nm (leaf) and 427 nm (fruit) using absorption spectroscopy, with an average particle size of 92.5 nm (leaf) and 124.1 (fruit) nm. The zeta potential for Melia leaves and fruits was found to be -20.9 and -31.2 mV for the extracts. The relevant functional groups for the capping agent found in the extracts and silver nanoparticles formed as a result of the reduction of silver nitrate were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia would be useful in new antimicrobial medications being developed. MCF-7 and PA-1 cell lines were found to be more susceptible to the cytotoxic action of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles that were synthesized exhibited extremely positive anti-cancer activity. </p
The way of future through voluntary selection
No full textThis article is a follow-up on the recent publication introducing the concept of “Voluntary Selection” which allows for engineering the phenotypic profile of a population by adopting the reproductive cells of donors rather than couples themselves. Foreseeing a genetically converging world through Voluntary Selection, and looking from a Middle Eastern and North African perspective, the article focuses on five major themes where improvements are necessary to allow for maintaining stability and achieving a minimum level of living standards despite matters such as different levels of access to environmental resources, global warming and depleting fossil fuel resources. These themes are namely the provision of evolutionary explanation for religions, women’s rights, generating wealth in the form of living atmospheres, distributed workload across society and distributed food production. The following discussions illustrate how by changing the way we look at the world, utilizing our available but neglected resources, dreaming, believing, and acting, we can solve some of the most fundamental global problems. The provided solutions are protective of individual freedoms, facilitate the convergence of lifestyles to a pleasant, practical, elegant, sustainable and modern model and protect the fabric of society as the foundation for higher-level achievements necessary for the maintenance and improvement of our living standards.</p
Omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids: The effects on the psychophysical well-being of adolescents and adults
No full textBackground: Fatty acids of the omega-3/omega-6 groups are used especially in cases of pregnancy, lactation, and malnutrition. In recent decades, pediatrics has been trying to find out whether the use of omega-3/omega-6 has effects on human growth and neurodevelopment.Aims: Check the state of the art on the use of omega-3/omega-6 type fatty acids in the diet, in adolescent and adult populations.Materials and methods: A total of 72 original articles on the topic of human growth and nutrition in pediatrics have been selected on PubMed through September 2022.Results: In literature, the use of omega-3/omega-6, with greater prevalence in the former group than the latter group, appears to be most effective in hypertension hypothesis, dyslipidemia, and high C-reactive protein values, cardiovascular risk, and neuropathic pain, while appearing to have less impact on neurodegenerative (except in multiple sclerosis) and mental disorders (except in depression). Interesting benefits can be detected when combining omega-3/omega-6 with spirulina algae, chitosan, probiotics, vitamin D, fiber and plant extracts. Conclusion: Significant evidence emerges on the importance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplementation, but important structural shortcomings of research designs still emerge from the published studies; moreover, many studies assume that fatty acid supplementation can have a curative effect on already active diseases, when in fact such prescriptions should be considered as adjuvant therapies to prevent or promote symptomatic regression, precisely because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulating virtues. However, there is no concrete and robust evidence of the positive impact on psychological well-being. Future research that can resolve the critical issues highlighted is hoped to promote a better approach to the topic of omega-3/omega-6 supplementation in human health.</p
The impact of manipulation phase feeding system on the broiler performance and carcass lipid profile: A review
No full textThis article intended to include the effect of manipulation phase feeding systems on broiler performance and carcass-serum lipids. The results of many different research studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of different phase feeding. The result showed that broiler performance was not affected but fat deposition and cholesterol, total feed intake was significantly reduced by the different phase feeding programs. So, we can conclude that phase feeding is one of the methods to reduce fat deposition and cost by controlling the amount of feed intake. </p
BAT’s specific Micro-RNA or Novel approach for treatment of obesity: A hypothesis
No full textBackground: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to compromised diastolic function, ultimately culminating in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and no early diagnostics are available. We sought to gain insight into biomarkers and potential mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction in obese mice (db/db) and lean rats (Goto-Kakizaki) pre-clinical models of T2D-associated diastolic dysfunction.Methods: The microRNA (miRNA) content of circulating Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) was assessed in T2D models to identify biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction/rarefaction. The potential source of circulating EV-encapsulated miRNAs was determined, and the mechanisms of induction and the function of candidate miRNAs were assessed in Endothelial Cells (ECs).Results: We found an increase in miR-30d-5p and miR-30e-5p in circulating EVs that coincided with indices of coronary microvascular EC dysfunction (i.e., markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage/senescence) and rarefaction, and preceded echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction as they are upregulated in ECs of the left ventricle of the heart, but not other organs, in db/db mice. Furthermore, the miR-30 family is secreted in EVs from senescent ECs in culture, and ECs with senescent-like characteristics are present in the db/db heart. Assessment of miR-30 target pathways revealed a network of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Over-expression of miR-30e in cultured ECs increased fatty acid β-oxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation while inhibiting the miR-30 family decreased fatty acid β-oxidation. Additionally, miR-30e over-expression synergized with fatty acid exposure to down-regulate the expression of eNOS, a key regulator of microvascular and cardiomyocyte function. Finally, the knock-down of the miR-30 family in db/db mice decreased markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage/senescence in the microvascular endothelium.Conclusion: MiR-30d/e represents early biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets that are indicative of the development of diastolic dysfunction and may reflect altered EC fatty acid metabolism and microvascular dysfunction in the diabetic heart.</p
Anal adenosquamous carcinoma on perineal fistula: A case report
No full textIntroduction: Adenosquamous Carcinoma (ASC) of the anus presenting both glandular and squamous histopathologic features is a rare colorectal neoplasm.Case presentation: A 63-year-old man presented with a one-year history of intermittent rectal pain and bleeding on a perineal fistula. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed adenosquamous carcinoma of the anus, The patient received neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy over a period of five weeks. then he underwent abdominoperineal resection and a permanent colostomy. Histology revealed invasive adenosquamous carcinoma on the resection specimen and the patient was started on adjuvant therapy with FOLFIRINOX.Discussion: Primary ASC of the colon and rectum are extremely rare clinical entities with poor prognosis. Most of the data come from individual case reports and a few small series, making it a challenge to understand the histogenesis of the disease. And the treatment modalities are not yet well codified, which has an impact on overall survival.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and radical surgery with other available therapeutic modalities can improve clinical outcomes.</p
Muscle strength, level of pain and balance in women with knee osteoarthritis after a sensory-motor exercise program associated to photobiomodulation therapy via cluster: a single-blinded randomized with placebo control trial
No full textIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic condition of the joints that leads to pain, stiffness and disability. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a sensory-motor exercises program and the photobiomodulation on pain, muscle strength, severity of the injury and dynamic balance of women with knee osteoarthritis. Method and Materials: Thirty-two women were randomized in sensory-motor exercises associated with the placebo photobiomodulation group (SMAG) and sensory-motor exercises with the active photobiomodulation group (SMPG). The pain, knee flexor and extensor peak torque, severity of the injury and dynamic balance were evaluated with the numeric pain rating scale, cell roll, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and timed up and go, respectively. Subjects were administered sensory-motor exercises, strengthening exercises and photobiomodulation via cluster applied at the end of each training session for 8 weeks, 2 times/week. Results: There was no significant improvement in the knee flexor and extensor peak torque, meantime, there was a significant linear positive correlation in the sensory-motor exercises program associated with the placebo photobiomodulation group (p = 0.002) at the end of treatment. A significant improvement in the severity of injury (p = 0.002) and dynamic balance (p = < 0.001) was observed in both groups. Furthermore, the level of pain showed a significant improvement in the sensory-motor exercises program associated with the placebo photobiomodulation group (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Sensory-motor exercise program promotes beneficial effects on the severity of the injury and dynamic balance and its association with photobiomodulation was able to produce an extra effect in pain relief. However, adding photobiomodulation to routine exercise regimes for subjects with knee osteoarthritis should be investigated.</p
A Narrative review of exercise and metabolic disease of the heart
No full textAccording to the WHO’s report, the number of people with diabetes worldwide is increasing, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults who is over 18 years old has risen from 4.7% in the 1980s to 8.5% in 2014. Among them, the prevalence of diabetes in low- and middle-income countries has even reached as high as 9.3% over the decades. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is not only affecting the liver but is also considered a problem for the heart, as there is about 25% of the patients suffer from the cardiovascular syndrome. Around the world, the elderly population is growing rapidly. The elderly population is growing faster than expected, with Taiwan becoming an aged society in 2018. One of the health issues associated with aging is the population with cardiovascular disease increases. Patient care may result in huge expenditures on the national economy, society, family care, medical resources, and drugs. This article adopts perspectives from literature reviews using databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed (Medline), Up-to-date and Google scholar using three main methods: search for keywords cardiovascular disease, physical fitness, exercise prescription intervention, quality of life, cardio metabolic disease, etc.; search for related articles on physical activity and cardiovascular disease, neuroendocrine, molecular biology, etc.; combined with case-control studies, systematic review and meta-analysis, analytical research, and randomized control studies to explore the effects of physical activity intervention and the fitness level of the elderly on the epidemiology of the cardiovascular disease, prevention of cardio metabolic disease, improvement of quality of life. Understanding which types of exercise intervention help improve the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease. This article aims to propose exercise prescriptions for physical fitness to prevent cardiovascular disease; be used as a reference for health promotion in the world, provide guidance on cardiovascular disease prevention and cardiovascular disease care for the elderly, and construct guidelines on physical fitness and exercise prescriptions in Taiwan. </p
A rare and challenging case of ROHHAD (Rapid-onset Obesity with Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Autonomic Dysregulation) syndrome
No full textRapid-onset Obesity with Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic Dysfunction and Autonomic Dysregulation is a rare and complex pediatric syndrome with unknown etiology. The disease hallmark is sudden and severe obesity in early childhood, with a later onset of central hypoventilation, responsible for high mortality.We present the case of a 2.5-year-old boy with sudden weight gain starting after 12 months of age (18 kg in a year) and hypoventilation in the setting of acute nasopharyngitis, requiring Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) initiation. Additionally, he presented symptoms and signs of autonomic disturbance, neurodevelopmental delay and behavior disorders. High prolactin, leptin and insulin were also present. Despite periodic adjustment of settings and adherence to NIV and great efforts to control food intake, he remained morbidly obese and died during an infectious intercurrence at 6 years of age.This case illustrates the challenging diagnosis and treatment/management of this rare syndrome, which can have a variable and not always complete presentation and has no specific diagnostic test available. Identifying hypoventilation and NIV treatment is essential to decrease morbimortality. However, most patients do not live past ten years old.</p
General determinants of aging: The size and geometry of living beings
No full textThe relationship between basal metabolic rate and weight changes which are a normal part of the human aging process can be represented in holographic form. The purpose of the study is to verify the validity of said representation through the development of the objectives, which are to examine the relationship between the total amount of energy lost and the amount of energy lost per unit of body mass, as well as the relationship that exists between the total amount of energy lost and body mass. There are previous studies that relate the size of living beings with their metabolic rate. Our study provides the foundation for the holographic description of that relationship. The analysis of the data allowed us to generate a coherent description of our notion using the tools at our disposal. According to the results of the study, there is a correlation that can be considered statistically significant between the basal metabolic rate per dry kilogram of an organism and the total amount of energy it expends. Based on this observation, we can conclude that the biological system in question satisfies the conditions of the holographic principle.</p