Revista Latinoamericana de Antropología del Trabajo
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Punta Herrero, México: una aldea de pescadores de la costa de Quintana Roo
No full textEn plena temporada de pesca de langosta, realizamos una visita a Punta Herrero, Quintana Roo para documentar la vida cotidiana de los pescadores y sus familias.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/znebhk4a
Percepción del riesgo ante el virus SARS-CoV-2: el caso de conductores de taxi en Zumpango, Estado de México
No full textThis article presents the results of an approach on the perception of risk that a sector of taxi drivers has in the face of the disease known as COVID-19. It starts from understanding the perception of risk as a subjective construction that occurs from the interaction between objective and subjective conditions of existence. Subsequently, the exposure that workers have to an occupation considered essential is analyzed, as well as the way to face with the confinement measures imposed, more than ten months after the mobility restrictions began in Mexico, and with it the impact on workers. income from this sector. The interview technique was used allowing to show different nuances in the perception of risk, which not only express social inequality and culture, but also the subjectivity of the actor, in whose interpretations are present the conviction of being able to get ahead, resignation before the calamity, disbelief about the origin of the pandemic and mistrust in managing it.Este articulo presenta los resultados de un acercamiento a la percepción del riesgo que tiene un sector de los conductores de taxi ante la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19. Se parte de entender a la percepción del riesgo como una construcción subjetiva, que se da a partir de la interacción entre condiciones objetivas y subjetivas de existencia. Posteriormente, se analiza la exposición que tienen los trabajadores de una ocupación considerada esencial, al igual que la manera de afrontar las medidas de confinamiento impuestas, a más de diez meses de que se iniciaron las restricciones de movilidad en México, y con ello la afectación a los ingresos de este sector. Se utilizó la técnica de entrevista, permitiendo mostrar distintos matices en la percepción del riesgo que no solo expresan la desigualdad social y la cultura, sino también la subjetividad del actor, en cuyas interpretaciones están presentes la convicción de poder salir adelante, la resignación ante la calamidad, la incredulidad sobre el origen de la pandemia y la desconfianza sobre su gestión.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/rh3kvpgr
Experiencias profesionales del trabajo de cuidado a personas mayores ante la pandemia del Covid 19 en Buenos Aires (Argentina)
No full textThe aging process is closely related to demographic and epidemiological transitions and brings about qualitative changes in people's lives. The Social and Preventive Isolation implied a drastic change in the daily practices of professionals who are dedicated to the care and care of the elderly. The general objective of this article is to analyze the opinions of professionals about the changes in their work with older people during the ASPO period in the City of Buenos Aires. Through an exploratory and qualitative design, 26 professionals specialized in the comprehensive care of the elderly from various disciplines were interviewed through virtual platforms from April to July 2020. The results show the commitment assumed by the professionals to somehow sustain the activities with various virtual strategies to achieve empathy with the elderly. However, the lack of training in technology management or its absence deepens social inequalities for active participation at a distance. The scarce claim due to the lack of equipment towards the institutions in which these professionals work is striking. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/luumrj7ko El proceso de envejecimiento está estrechamente relacionado con las transiciones demográfica y epidemiológica y trae aparejado modificaciones cualitativas en la vida de las personas. El Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio implicó un cambio drástico en las prácticas cotidianas de los/as profesionales que se dedican a la atención y al cuidado de las personas mayores. El objetivo general de este articulo es analizar las experiencias y prácticas de los/as profesionales acerca de las modificaciones en su trabajo con personas mayores durante el periodo del Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Mediante un diseño exploratorio y cualitativo, se entrevistó a 26 profesionales especializados/as en la atención integral de las personas mayores de diversas disciplinas que se realizaron a través de plataformas virtuales desde abril a julio de 2020. Los resultados muestran el compromiso asumido por los/as profesionales para sostener de alguna manera las actividades con diversas estrategias virtuales para lograr empatia con las personas mayores. Sin embargo, la escasa capacitación para el manejo de la tecnologia o su ausencia profundiza las desigualdades sociales para una activa participación a distancia. Llama la atención el escaso reclamo por la falta de equipamiento hacia las instituciones en las que se desempeñan estos/as profesionales. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/luumrj7k
Consecuencias laborales a partir del tránsito de lesbiana masculina a hombre transexual en el mercado laboral de Aguascalientes, México
No full textLabor discrimination towards sexual and gender diversity is a set of practices that have generated a series of negative consequences that have an impact on the constitution of the subjects and the increase in inequalities in the LGBTQ + community. Discriminatory practices begin with difficulties in access to work and continue in development and permanence in it, which is conditioned by the type of market accessed (formal and informal) and sexual diversity or gender identity. The people who are more likely to suffer discrimination in the labor market are those who have a greater number of inequalities and who, in addition, do not have a gender expression congruent to that of their biological sex. Such is the case of male lesbians, effeminate gays, and transsexuals, transgenders, and transvestites. A historical and occupational reconstruction of the experience of five transsexual men who had previously been socialized as male lesbians was carried out. The analysis was carried out from the Queer theoretical proposal and intersectionality. The First Survey on Discrimination and Survey on Discrimination on the grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 2018 was analyzed to know the national panorama on the labor conditions of male lesbians and transsexual men. The main social, economic and health consequences that they experience were identified. transsexual men, as well as the processes of acceptance and inclusion that arise from their transit.La discriminación laboral hacia la diversidad sexual y de género es un conjunto de prácticas que han generado una serie de consecuencias negativas en la constitución de les sujetes y en el incremento de desigualdades de la comunidad LGBTQ+. Las prácticas discriminatorias comienzan con dificultades en el acceso al trabajo y continúan en el desarrollo y permanencia en éste, condicionados por el tipo de mercado al que se acceda (formal e informal) y la diversidad sexual o de identidad de género. Las personas que son más propensas a sufrir discriminación en el mercado laboral son aquellas que tienen un mayor número de desigualdades y que, además, no cuentan con una expresión de género congruente a la de su sexo biológico. Tal es el caso de las lesbianas masculinas, gays afeminados y personas transexuales, transgéneros y travestis. Se realizó una reconstrucción histórica y laboral de la experiencia de cinco hombres transexuales que con anterioridad habian sido socializados como lesbianas masculinas. El análisis se llevó a cabo a partir de la propuesta teórica queer y la interseccionalidad. Se analizó la Primera Encuesta sobre Discriminación y Encuesta sobre Discriminación por motivos de Orientación Sexual e Identidad de Género 2018 para conocer el panorama nacional sobre las condiciones laborales de las lesbianas masculinas y hombres transexuales. Se identificaron las principales consecuencias sociales, económicas y de salud que viven los hombres transexuales, asi como los procesos de aceptación e inclusión que se presentan a partir de su tránsito. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/m2daku14
La precarización de la vejez: trabajo y desigualdades en las experiencias de las y los trabajadores mayores de limpieza del Metro de la Ciudad de México
No full textThis paper analyzes the intersection between old age and labor among the elderly workers employed by outsourcing firms in the cleaning service of the Mexico City subway. This study is based on a qualitative methodology, with an ethnographic perspective and interviews with 16 senior workers ranged between 60 and 87 years old. It analyzes how precariousness was constructed in this workplace, and how processes of structural inequalities –class, gender and age-- constrained elder workers to extend their working lives indefinitely in a neoliberal context characterized by social vulnerabilities, dismantled labor rights and the absence of an elderly care system. It explores how they experience the conditions of the sanitation work and the meaning they forge around it and their lives. Age inequality operates in the labor market as one additional accumulated disadvantage that fuels relationships of exploitation and oppression. Elderly workers are dismissed from work when they are considered unproductive, but the neoliberal labor market reintegrates them as available and exploitable workers stuck in a precarious state. A precariousness of old age emerges: life circumstances framed in economic insecurity, social uncertainty, lack of care and labor exploitation.Este articulo aborda el entrecruzamiento entre vejez y trabajo a partir de las y los trabajadores mayores subcontratados en el servicio de limpieza del Metro de la Ciudad de México. Con base en un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño de tipo etnográfico, realizado con 16 trabajadores mayores de entre 60 y 87 años, analiza cómo se construyó la precariedad en ese espacio laboral, y cómo los procesos de desigualdad estructural -de clase, género y edad- han presionado a las y los mayores a extender indefinidamente su vida productiva, en un contexto neoliberal de desprotección social, desmantelamiento de los derechos laborales y ausencia de un sistema público de cuidados hacia las personas mayores. El articulo examina cómo las y los trabajadores mayores experimentan las condiciones laborales del trabajo de limpieza, y los sentidos que construyen en torno a él y a sus vidas. La desigualdad etaria opera en el mercado laboral; se suma a una espiral de desventajas acumuladas que alimentan relaciones de explotación y opresión. Las y los trabajadores mayores son descartados del trabajo cuando se considera que su fuerza de trabajo perdió valor productivo, pero el mercado de trabajo neoliberal los reintegra como trabajadores disponibles y explotables en los circuitos de la precariedad. Se produce una precarización de la vejez: circunstancias de vida enmarcadas en la inseguridad económica, la incertidumbre social, el déficit de cuidados y la explotación laboral. ark:/s25912755/4buii767
Las múltiples dimensiones del trabajo precario e informal: algunas problematizaciones desde las ciencias sociales
No full textark:/s25912755/9j2pdxp2
Sanar, acariciar, embellecer. Masculinidades y estética profesional en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
No full textThis article considers the experiences of men who are trained to be workers in the beauty industry. It is a qualitative study developed with students and graduates of Vocational Training courses in body aesthetics and hairdressing. Their motivations, expectations and experiences throughout the training in the institutions are analyzed, as well as their labour practices in the activity, problematizing the way in which masculinities are built in these trades. The findings arise from a field work carried out between 2017 and 2019 in the City of Buenos Aires, based on focus groups with male students and in-depth interviews with graduates of educational centers. Among the conclusions we observe that these occupations, which involve the practice on the body of another person and their well-being, are framed within hierarchical gender relations. According to these characteristics, the study describes disruptive practices of men in this feminized work culture around the hegemonic gender codes, but at the same time, recognizes their limits within the framework of a deep-rooted gender and class labour market segregation.Este articulo se interroga sobre las experiencias de varones que se forman para ser trabajadores en el mundo de la estética. Es un estudio cualitativo desarrollado con estudiantes y egresados de cursos de formación profesional en estética corporal y peluqueria. Se analizan sus motivaciones y experiencias a lo largo de la formación en las instituciones, asi como sus prácticas laborales en la actividad, problematizando las formas de la masculinidad que se construyen en esos oficios. Los hallazgos surgen de un trabajo de campo realizado entre 2017 y 2019 en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, a partir de grupos focales con estudiantes varones y entrevistas en profundidad con egresados de los centros educativos. Entre las conclusiones observamos que las ocupaciones de la estética, que involucran la práctica sobre el cuerpo de otra persona y procuran su bienestar, se enmarcan dentro de relaciones de género jerarquizadas. De acuerdo a estas caracteristicas, el estudio describe prácticas disruptivas de varones en cuanto a los códigos de género hegemónicos en esta actividad feminizada, pero a la vez, reconoce sus limites en el marco de las arraigadas segregaciones de género y de clase en el mercado de trabajo. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/ioopkzjt
Covid-19, teletrabajo y cuidados: impacto en la vida de las mujeres profesionales de Argentina
No full textThis article is the result of an exploratory research on telework and care during the period in which the mandatory social isolation measure is applied, sanctioned by the Argentine government as a health policy in the face of the advanceof covid-19. Based on data obtained with techniques such as surveys and interviews with women who telework and care for women in Argentina during 2020, there is evidence of the necessary debate about not legislating in favor of this modality of remote work as if it were a new labor paradigm, when in fact it is a flexible way of working and minimizing employer costs, as well as a hybrid mechanism between paid and unpaid work that womensolve with daily care and domestic work in the face of the crisis of the hetero-patriarchal capitalist order. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/t6qawg3gjEl presente articulo es resultado de una investigación exploratoria sobre teletrabajo y cuidados durante el periodo en que se aplica la medida de aislamiento social obligatorio, sancionada por el gobierno argentino como politica sanitaria ante el avance del covid-19. A partir de datos obtenidos con técnicas como encuestas y entrevistas a mujeres que efectúan teletrabajo y cuidados en Argentina durante 2020, se evidencia el necesario debate acerca de no legislar en favor de esta modalidad de trabajo remoto como si se tratara de un nuevo paradigma laboral, cuando en verdad resulta un modo de trabajo flexible y minimizador de costos patronales, asi como un mecanismo hibrido entre trabajo pago y no pago que resuelven las mujeres con cuidados y trabajos domésticos diarios ante la crisis del orden capitalista heteropatriarcal. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/t6qawg3g
José Sergio Leite Lopes e a formação da Antropologia do trabalho no Brasil
No full textThis essay interprets a fragment of the work of José Sergio Leite Lopes, highlighting its central role in the constitution of an Anthropology of work, in Brazil. The analysis focuses on the innovative work of this anthropologist, whose implications are considered on two scales, articulated with each other. At a first level, he adopts ethnographic field research methods among industrial workers. Adapting to the context of the factory the resources systematized by Anthropology, in the study of non-industrial peoples, the researcher opens an unprecedented field of empirical research. It brings a renewed breath to social research on labor relations, especially by subjecting the academic categories to scrutiny of empirical data recorded firsthand. In a second level, the formation of Anthropology of work is located on the wider scale of Social Sciences, and particularly in the case of Leite Lopes, of Brazilian Social Thought. By extrapolating the sphere of production, also investigating the time of the reproduction of the workforce, its cultural aspects and its leisure practices, Leite Lopes' research has a strong repercussion in the field of Brazilian studies and Brazilian culture; especially with regard to one of its core elements – namely, soccer. The argument that the article proposes suggests that by opening space for research on the factory floor, this pioneering intellectual contributed at the same time for the constitution of an ethnographic research line and for the empirically more rigorous treatment of what some of the thinkers of the national formation call the "Brazilian dilemma".O presente ensaio interpreta um fragmento da obra de José Sergio Leite Lopes, destacando seu papel central na constituição de uma Antropologia do trabalho, no Brasil. A análise se concentra sobre a contribuição inovadora deste antropólogo, cujas implicações são consideradas em duas escalas, articuladas entre si. Em um primeiro nivel, ele adota métodos de pesquisa de campo etnográfica entre trabalhadores industriais. Adaptando ao contexto da fábrica os recursos sistematizados pela Antropologia, no estudo de povos não industriais, o pesquisador abre campo inédito de investigação empirica. Traz com isso um sopro renovador í pesquisa sobre relações de trabalho, especialmente submetendo as categorias acadêmicas ao escrutinio de dados empiricos registrados em primeira mão. Em um segundo nivel, a formação da Antropologia do Trabalho se situa na escala mais abrangente das Ciências Sociais, e particularmente no caso de Leite Lopes, do Pensamento Social Brasileiro. Ao extrapolar a esfera da produção, investigando também o tempo da reprodução da forí§a de trabalho, seus aspectos culturais e suas práticas de lazer, as pesquisas de Leite Lopes repercutem no campo dos estudos da brasilidade; especialmente no que se refere a um de seus elementos nucleares – a saber, o futebol. O argumento que o artigo propíµe sugere que ao abrir espaí§o í pesquisa no chão da fábrica, este intelectual pioneiro concorreu a um só tempo para a constituição de uma linha de pesquisa etnográfica e para o tratamento empiricamente mais rigoroso daquilo que alguns dos pensadores da formação nacional denominam o "dilema brasileiro". http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/twsu127w
(Sobre)viver na adversidade: o caso do moto-taxismo durante a pandemia do Covid-19 na cidade de Araraquara-SP (Brasil)
No full textThis article seeks to reflect about the work of motorcycle taxi drivers during the pandemic period of covid-19 in the city of Araraquara-SP. From the perspective of the informal work of the motorcycle taxi drivers, it is sought through the category of risk to understand the craft by discussing the issue of need, urgency and meaning in the material and symbolic reproduction on the workers' lives. To discuss issues of risk, urgency and need, we will bring up the debates proposed by Anthony Giddens (1991), Mary Douglas (1992), and Ulrich Beck (2011). In order to trace another approach to understanding, and to seek the meanings triggered by these agents while forming the symbolic (of culture) during their work, we will bring to discussion the comprehensive path of Weberian sociology in parallel to the relative interpretation of culture in Clifford Geertz (2012) . The methodology that guides this article is the perspective of qualitative research, derived from social anthropology, based on fieldwork in ethnographic practice carried out through in-depth discovery and without a previous script, performed in three observation sites. This article seeks to understand the work of motorcycle taxi drivers during the Covid-19 period as a risky and survival activity at the same time that it produces meaning, experiences and subjectivities. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/5kmpbrxr9O presente artigo busca refletir sobre o trabalho moto-taxista durante o periodo da pandemia de covid-19 na cidade de Araraquara-SP. A partir do recorte do moto-taxismo busca-se por meio da categoria de risco compreender o oficio discutindo a questão da necessidade, urgência e sentido na reprodução material e simbólica da vida dos trabalhadores. Para discutir as questíµes de risco, urgência e necessidade traremos os debates propostos em Anthony Giddens (1991), Mary Douglas (1992), e Ulrich Beck (2011). Para traí§armos uma outra abordagem de compreensão, e buscar os sentidos acionados por estes agentes enquanto formação do simbólico (da cultura) durante seu oficio traremos í discussão o caminho compreensivo da sociologia weberiana em paralelo a interpretação relativa da cultura em Clifford Geertz (2012). A metodologia que orienta este artigo é a perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa derivada da antropologia social, pautada no trabalho de campo na pesquisa etnográfica realizada por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e com e sem roteiro prévio, realizada em três locais de observação. Este artigo busca compreender o trabalho moto-taxista durante o periodo da Covid-19 enquanto uma atividade de risco e sobrevivência ao mesmo tempo que produtora de sentido, vivências e subjetividades. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/5kmpbrxr