International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
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Enforcement of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law: Implications to Supply and Demand Reduction
No full textThis study assessed the enforcement of the comprehensive dangerous drug law in Carmona City, Province of Cavite, and its implications for the supply and demand reduction drive. A descriptive method of research was employed to conduct this study. The respondents were the police personnel assigned and the barangay captains of the different barangays within the study setting. The statistical tools used were frequency and percentage distribution, weighted mean, and the chi-square test. The level of significance was established at 0.05.
The study\u27s findings reveal that the enforcement of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act in Carmona City is largely effective, yet impeded by significant operational constraints; nonetheless, this effective enforcement positively impacts both supply and demand reduction efforts concerning dangerous drugs, underscoring the essential requirement for ongoing capacity-building, institutional support, and policy reinforcement to guarantee the sustained success of anti-drug initiatives in local communities
Behavioral Economics Behind Digital Banking Adoption and Retention in the Philippines
No full textThe account ownership in digital-only banks has marked a significant growth since the Bangko Sentral of Pilipinas (BSP) has exclusively segmented these banks apart from the traditional ones in November 2020. This warrants the probe on the behavioral economics behind digital banking adoption and retention in the Philippines to examine how cognitive biases play in one’s decision to use and continually patronize digital-only banks.
Grounded on Prospect Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Psychological Ownership Theory, the researcher administered survey questionnaires to 385 Filipino users of the digital-only banks. Descriptive-correlational research has been employed with the use of robust statistical testing such as PERMANOVA and Spearman’s rho.
The findings of the study reveal that young, predominantly female, college-educated, lower- to middle-income adults characterized the primary adopters, though their engagement remained tentative. Behavioral constructs, adoption and retention drivers consistently drew neutral responses, suggesting cautious acceptance rather than enthusiasm. However, behavioral factors strongly influenced younger, self-employed, and lower-income users, whereas higher earners and those with higher educational attainment relied more on logical evaluation, financial benefits, and product-specific features, indicating varying motivations shaped by demographic intersections.
This outcome calls for a more tailored customer experience so Filipinos can be enticed to adopt and retain digital banking services rather than a one-size-fits-all solution. This behavioral split unearths that some users crave control and confidence whilst the other seek connection and ease. Implications and recommendations have been provided in the end to help further the adoption and retention of digital banking services in the Philippines
Leadership in Perspective: Nature, Challenges, and Future Directions
No full textLeadership is considered as a complex, multifaceted process of influencing, guiding, and managing people towards achieving common goals. It is not about authority or positions, but it requires innate and developed characteristics rooted in social responsibility and emotional intelligence. Researchers agree that effective leadership empowers others, promotes collaboration, and adapts to the changing organizational landscape. Moreover, it aims to address the challenges and ensures inclusive progress. In this light, this paper delves into the nature, impact, and types of leadership – examining the strengths and weaknesses such as autocratic, democratic, transformational, transactional, servant, charismatic, laissez-faire, bureaucratic, and situational leadership. It also highlights how these styles are interconnected and can be applied simultaneously. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the future of leadership, pointing out that blending two or more styles can foster a more motivated and satisfied organizational membership.
This paper also states that no singular leadership style is solely or universally effective in all situations. Instead, the integration of multiple leadership styles which is coined as full-range or hybrid leadership, offering a more responsive, inclusive, and flexible workplace. The insights can serve as important framework for leadership development in numerous sectors most especially in education and governance
Development and Acceptability of Tuyong Tawilis (Sardinella tawilis) Flavored Noodle
No full textThis study examines the role of food innovation in the global noodle market, particularly addressing the nutritional limitations of many instant noodle products. It emphasizes the need for healthier alternatives to meet the growing demand from health-conscious consumers. Specifically, the study advocates for the development of high-protein noodle variants enriched with local flavors, such as "Tuyong Tawilis" (dried Sardinella tawilis), to enhance both nutritional value and market appeal. The innovative noodle variant\u27s quality and safety are ensured by thorough evaluations that involve sensory analysis, physico-chemical, and microbiological investigation. This highlights the importance of flavor theory and new product development in meeting consumer preferences and promoting innovation. The study uses a quantitative approach with 220 respondents—experts and students—selected by convenience sampling to create, execute, and assess the "tuyong tawilis" flavored noodles. The research methodically applies the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model. The results indicate "tuyong tawilis"\u27s potential as a major flavoring component and physicochemical as well as microbiological analysis verify its safety and adherence to consumption guidelines. Sensory assessments support the created product\u27s acceptance by showing a moderate like for a variety of features. In summary, the study presents a novel and well-received flavored noodle product that satisfies changing customer preferences without sacrificing quality or safety. It helps the dynamic food business by combining traditional local flavors with contemporary tastes. It also offers potential pathways for healthier and more pleasant noodle alternatives, helping to shape the continuous evolution of culinary goods in the market
A Comparative Study on Creative Self-Concept among Millennials and Gen Z
No full textCreativity shapes how individuals solve problems, express themselves, and innovate. How individuals view creativity is vital as it shapes how they adapt, solve problems, and thrive in everyday situations. This study explored the creative self-concept of Millennials and Generation Z in Central Luzon, Philippines. Creative self-concept encompasses both creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity, referring to how individuals perceive their creativity. While generational differences in values and skills are widely studied, little is known about how Filipino Millennials and Generation Z perceive their creativity. Using a cross-sectional survey method, information was gathered from 300 respondents, evenly split between their generation group. The independent sample t-test revealed that there is no significant difference in creative self-concept between the participants’ generations (p = 0.19). Similarly, a non-significant result was also observed between respondents’ geographical locations (p = 0.12). However, results from ANOVA revealed that people with more schooling (F = 7.94, p < 0.001) had more creative ideas about themselves compared to those who had lower educational attainment. These results showed that educational experiences may have a bigger effect on how people think about creativity than their generational group or where they live. The study highlights the importance of incorporating activities that foster imagination in schools, enabling students of all ages to generate new ideas and feel confident in their abilities
An Explanatory Case Study on Teachers’ Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Special Needs in Rural Philippine Classrooms
No full textThis explanatory case study examined nine elementary teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education in Odiongan North District, Romblon, between January and June 2025. Guided by the Social Model of Disability, Contact Theory, and the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study employed semi-structured, expert-validated focus group discussions, which were thematically analyzed to reveal four interrelated themes: moral and pedagogical motivations; contextual influences; gaps in formal professional development; and lived experiences. Insights informed a seven-module Inclusive Teaching Empowerment Series (ITES) addressing legal frameworks, differentiated instruction, co-teaching, reflective practice, and digital microlearning. The study highlights the need for sustained, context-responsive capacity building, leadership support, and resource allocation in rural, multigrade settings. Recommendations include integrating ITES into DepEd Learning Action Cells and formal peer-led workshops to scale inclusive practices
Cameras on Duty: Exploring the Impact of Body-Worn Cameras on Law Enforcement Practices and Accountability
No full textThis study examined the perceptions of the PNP personnel of Cabuyao Component City Police Station and barangay officials in different barangays in Cabuyao City, Laguna regarding the impact of body-worn cameras on law enforcement operations, practices, and accountability. This study analyzed significant differences in their responses concerning awareness of BWCs’ role in reducing crime, enhancing police accountability, and improving community trust. Additionally, the study explored challenges in the use of BWCs and assessed their effectiveness in preventing police misuse of force. This study employed descriptive quantitative research design, and the data gathered through questionnaires distributed to the police personnel and barangay officials from various barangays in Cabuyao City. Findings showed that PNP personnel and barangay officials recognized the benefits of BWCs in promoting transparency of their operations, reducing crime rates in high-crime prone areas, and strengthening community trust. Key challenges to effective implementation of BWCs include limited funding for purchasing, technical difficulties during police operations, and inadequate training in using BWCs. These results underscore the positive impact of BWCs in enhancing modern policing procedure. Addressing operational challenges and fostering alignment between law enforcement agencies and the public perspectives are therefore essential in achieving long-term positive impact
From Imbalance to Inclusion: A Quantitative Study on Gender Participation Trends in Engineering and Architecture Education (AY 2020–2025)
No full textGender disparity remains a persistent issue in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly within engineering and architecture programs. While national and institutional initiatives have promoted inclusivity, localized assessments are essential to determine whether these efforts translate into sustained enrolment equity. This study employed a quantitative descriptive-comparative design, drawing on institutional freshman enrolment data from Academic Year (AY) 2020–2021 to AY 2024–2025. A total of 10,052 enrolment records were analyzed across multiple programs, disaggregated by gender. Descriptive statistics, visual trend analysis, and a chi-square test for trend were applied to assess gender participation over time. Findings revealed fluctuating patterns of female enrolment, with a notable increase in AY 2021–2022 (+52.1%) followed by modest growth and stabilization. While some programs (e.g., Architecture, Chemical Engineering) approached gender balance, others (e.g., Electrical and Mechanical Engineering) remained strongly male-dominated. The chi-square test indicated no statistically significant linear trend in female participation across years, χ²(1, N = 10,052) = 1.68, p = .196. Although there are signs of progress in selected programs, the lack of a significant trend suggests that institutional efforts toward gender inclusion have not yet resulted in consistent, system-wide change. The study highlights the need for program-specific interventions, continuous monitoring, and intentional policy implementation to address persistent enrolment disparities in STEM fields.
AI Literacy Among University Students and Faculty: Similarities and Differences
No full textThis study assessed AI literacy levels among 111 respondents at Centro Escolar University using a four-dimensional framework (Kong, 2024). Despite widespread AI adoption (99.1%), only 5.4% received formal training, revealing a critical educational gap. Faculty demonstrated significantly higher literacy in metacognitive (p = 0.02), affective (p < 0.01), and social dimensions (p < 0.01) compared to students. Both groups showed similar cognitive understanding and tool usage patterns. The research aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals 4 (Quality Education) and 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by identifying barriers to equitable AI education. Findings indicate urgent need for structured AI literacy programs, ethical curriculum integration, and institutional policy development to prepare students for an AI-driven workforce. This study contributes to understanding AI literacy disparities in higher education and provides evidence-based recommendations for comprehensive educational reform supporting sustainable development objectives
The Professional and Personal Development of Private and Public Senior High School Teachers
No full textThis study examined the professional and personal development of private and public senior high school teachers in Jones, Isabela, Philippines. Using a descriptive survey design, 60 teachers completed questionnaires assessing their demographic profiles, 21st-century competencies, and personal and professional capabilities. The results showed high proficiency across most areas, with no significant differences between private and public school teachers. Educational attainment positively impacted professional capabilities. Teachers demonstrated strong skills in classroom management, communication, and creating a respectful learning environment. However, areas for improvement include supporting learners and adapting to technological changes. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing professional development to enhance teaching practices and student outcomes. Key implications include the need for collaborative learning experiences, technology integration, and curriculum design that incorporates real-world applications. The recommendations emphasize personalized professional development programs, reassessing assessment methods, and creating inclusive learning environments. This study contributes to understanding teacher development in the Philippine context, particularly by comparing the private and public sectors. This underscores the critical role of teacher motivation and enthusiasm in fostering student engagement. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of professional development initiatives and examine rural-urban disparities in teacher capabilities. Overall, the study advocates for a holistic transformation of educational practices to better equip teachers to meet 21st-century challenges and improve students’ learning experiences