International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
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How Digitalization Enhances Fiscal Sustainability in Local Governments: Findings from Systematic Literature Review
No full textThe study examines the impact of digitalization on fiscal sustainability in local governments to assess how digital tools influence revenue mobilization, public service efficiency, and governance transparency. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on 17 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025. Employing the PRISMA framework, the review synthesizes quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Key findings reveal that digitalization, particularly through e-tax systems, increases tax compliance, streamlines service delivery, and reduces corruption. Commonly reported digitalization efforts include electronic tax filing systems, and smart governance platforms. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist such as limited technological infrastructure, data security risks, institutional resistance and low digital literacy, especially in developing rural areas. A major research gap identified is the limited exploration of long-term fiscal impacts and digital inclusion. These gaps are largely due to the absence of longitudinal studies and the underrepresentation of low-income or geographically remote municipalities in existing research. To address these limitations, the study recommends further investment in digital infrastructure, strengthening of cybersecurity frameworks, and expansion of digital literacy initiatives. Future research could focus on cross-country comparisons, environmental implications of digitalization, and long-term fiscal effects to inform more inclusive and resilient local governance strategies
Exploring the Operations Management of Rice Farmers: A Case Study in Molave, Zamboanga Del Sur: English
No full textThis study explored the operational management of rice farmers in Molave, Zamboanga del Sur, focusing on how they finance their farms and address farming needs from cultivation to harvest. Small to medium-sized rice farmers face increasing challenges related to funding, resource access, and labor practices. Understanding their management strategies provides insights into improving agricultural sustainability. A qualitative case study approach was employed, guided by Sharan B. Merriam’s methodology. Ten experienced rice farmers aged 25 and above, each operating farm for at least two years, participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and audio recordings. The researchers served as the primary instruments of data collection, ensuring accuracy and contextual depth through transcription and thematic analysis. Findings revealed significant financial constraints among farmers, including limited access to credit, high operational costs for equipment, labor, fertilizers, and pesticides, and a lack of effective risk management practices. Additionally, unfair labor practices in rice trading were found to negatively impact farmer income and sustainability. Based on these findings, the study recommends that local governments enhance support for farmers by investing in agricultural infrastructure, organizing farmer associations, and providing free fertilizers and pesticides.Farmers are encouraged to engage in continuous learning and strengthen peer networks to build resilience. Future research should explore the broader impact of farm operations on local economies to inform policy and innovation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of rice farming operations and highlights the need for targeted support to improve rural livelihoods
Polygamy in Islam: Its Relevance to the Social Development of Sulu
No full textThis study looks into how polygamy plays a role in the social growth of the Tausug community in Sulu, Philippines, focusing on its religious approval under Shari’ah law. Based on Islamic teachings, polygyamy isn\u27t just a cultural tradition or personal choice—it\u27s seen as a social institution that helps tackle issues like widowhood, gender imbalance, and creating resilient family units that can handle economic challenges. To acquire these, we employed methods like focus group discussions and interviews with religious scholars (Ulama), community leaders, and polygamous married couples. We monitored their attitudes and actions toward polygamy in different areas of Sulu. What we discovered is that most ulama are firm supporters of polygamy, that as long as it is practiced according to the Islamic teachings—being fair, equal, and economically capable—it can solidify the family and alleviate poverty and sinful acts. Hurdles to this, however, are a lack of general information on Islamic laws of marriage, premarital education is not practiced, and emotional or financial unreadiness. These issues sometimes lead to conflict and negative attitudes towards polygamy. The study is based on two basic theories: structural functionalism, which considers polygamy as fulfilling society\u27s needs, and symbolic interactionism, which studies how cultural and religious interactions shape the perception of marriage. Limitations include a small sample size and some potential bias since the researcher’s own cultural background and interpretations might influence the findings. We also referenced the Qur\u27an (Surah An-Nisa 4:3) and authentic Hadiths to emphasize the spiritual roots of polygamy, and we’ve taken care to cite these more thoroughly. The study recommends that each couple be provided with access to Islamic family law training, Shari\u27ah courts, religious functionaries, and the local government. The study also recommends economic support schemes and public information campaigns to offset myths and encourage responsible practice of polygamy as a healthy community development force for the Tausug
The Influence of Behavioral Skills and Instructional Challenges on Teaching Performance of Public Elementary Teachers
No full textThe primary objective of this study was to assess the level of teaching performance among public elementary school teachers in Magdalena District, Division of Laguna. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the teachers\u27 behavioral skills and identify instructional challenges that may impact their performance. The findings of this research are intended to serve as the foundation for developing targeted intervention programs aimed at enhancing teacher effectiveness and promoting the delivery of quality education. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing survey questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations to gather data. A total of 100 public elementary school teachers from the Magdalena Sub-Office were selected as respondents.The results revealed significant positive relationships among behavioral skills, instructional challenges, and various dimensions of teaching performance. Notably, competencies such as effective communication, conflict resolution, and content delivery emerged as the most influential predictors of successful teaching outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional development focused on behavioral and instructional competencies. Furthermore, addressing issues related to resource availability and embracing classroom diversity were identified as critical factors in enhancing teaching performance. Overall, the study highlights the necessity for a comprehensive, skill-based approach to teacher development in order to foster a more effective and enriching educational environment.
 
Perceived Fitness Benefits and Competitive Engagement of Aero Gymnastics and Conventional Physical Education among Grade 7
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the perceived fitness benefits and competitive engagement of aerobic gymnastics and conventional physical education (PE) exercises. A total of 90 students were selected through convenience sampling from the school where the research was conducted. The participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups: one group participated in an eight-week aerobic gymnastics program, while the other engaged in conventional PE exercises. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was utilized to achieve the study’s objectives, enabling a comparative analysis of the two interventions in a controlled environment. Data collection involved a teacher-made questionnaire based on a 4-point Likert scale, which comprised five statements under each subcategory to measure students\u27 fitness levels and engagement. This tool provided a clear visual representation of the data. Participants engaged in distinct activity sets according to their assigned intervention: aerobic gymnastics or conventional PE exercises. For data analysis, both descriptive statistics (means and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (dependent and independent t-tests) were employed to assess changes within and between groups. The findings revealed that participation in both aerobic gymnastics and conventional PE exercises had resulted in significant improvements in students’ physical fitness and competitive engagement
The Mediating Effect of Job Expectations on Selected Human Resource Management Practices and Career Satisfaction
No full textAs companies face changes from globalization, new technologies, and a younger workforce, Human Resource Management (HRM) has become more important in keeping employees satisfied and motivated. This study looked into how HRM practices and job expectations affect the career satisfaction of Generation Z alumni. The researchers used a descriptive quantitative method with 91 participants. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. The results showed that HRM practices have a strong and direct effect on career satisfaction. While job expectations also had a positive connection with satisfaction, they did not serve as a link between HRM practices and satisfaction. This means that HR practices alone can already help increase how satisfied employees feel in their careers. Based on the findings, organizations can focus on improving HR practices such as fair salary, open communication, giving feedback, and providing training or growth opportunities. These can make employees feel valued and more engaged at work. The study also suggests that HR planning should support not just work performance but also overall employee well-being
Evaluating Nippon Yusen Kaisha’s Remote Diagnostic Center: An Analysis of End-User Perspectives Among Engine Management-Level Officers
No full textThe integration of shore-based diagnostics in maritime operations is reshaping shipboard maintenance and decision-making practices. This study evaluated Nippon Yusen Kaisha’s Remote Diagnostic Center (RDC) from the perspectives of engine management-level officers onboard its vessels. Specifically, it assessed the RDC’s usefulness, clarity, reliability, ease of use, influence on decision-making, and challenges in shipboard integration.
A total of 214 respondents, equally divided between Chief Engineers and Second Engineers, participated through a structured survey analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that the RDC is moderately useful in enhancing data-driven decisions and supporting the Planned Maintenance System (PMS). It assists in detecting abnormalities and promoting condition-based maintenance, though its reports remain supplementary to firsthand inspections. Reports were generally viewed as clear and accessible, but their influence on major decisions was moderate.
The study concludes that NYK’s RDC is a reliable support tool with room for improvement. Enhancements in scope, usability, and real-time responsiveness are recommended to maximize operational value in maritime practice
Assessing the Performance of Vessel Safety Inspectors of Maritime Safety Services Units in the Coast Guard Districts of Southern and Southeastern Mindanao
No full textIntroduction: This study assessed the performance, motivation, and challenges of vessel safety inspectors in the Maritime Safety Services Units of the Coast Guard Districts of Southern and Southeastern Mindanao. It examined how operational conditions in maritime safety enforcement and qualifications of the inspectors affect their effectiveness.
Method: The study determined the vessel safety inspectors’ age, sex, educational background, length of service, and inspection-related training, and correlate these factors with the six dimensions of performance: knowledge, skills, identity, context of performance, personal factors, and fixed factors. Their motivation was also assessed in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic influences.
Results: Most inspectors are young, male, and degree holders in Criminology and Marine Transportation. Overall performance was “rated as Good” (89%) with strength in personal factors (93%) including professionalism and communication, and identity (90%) such as adherence to protocols and awareness. Areas for improvement includes critical thinking and fixed factors (86%) such as geographic constraints, policy limitations, and resources availability. Motivation was moderate (intrinsic mean = 3.45; extrinsic mean = 3.28). Experienced inspectors have higher motivation, particularly on external rewards. Operational conditions such as limited logistical support, inadequate training opportunities, and mobility constraints were the identified challenges in inspections.
Conclusions: Vessel safety inspectors demonstrate competence despite operational challenges. Strengthening recruitment, targeted trainings, logistical support, motivation programs, and modern technology – anchored on a clear action plan will enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and aligning inspection practices with maritime safety policies and procedures
Review and Analysis of the Anti-Sexual Harassment Policies and Procedures in Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK) For the Protection of Female Seafarers
No full textThis study reviewed and analyzed the anti-sexual harassment policies and procedures of NYK-Fil Ship Management, focusing on the protection of female seafarers. Using a mixed-methods design, the research gathered quantitative data from a descriptive survey and qualitative insights from interviews with NYK-Fil office personnel and representatives from other manning agencies. Findings revealed that awareness of anti-sexual harassment policies among NYK-Fil seafarers is high, with no significant differences across age, rank, or experience. However, the interviews pointed out ongoing challenges, including fear of retaliation, cultural issues onboard, and gaps in leadership accountability. While NYK-Fil’s policies align with the requirements of Republic Act 12021 (Magna Carta for Seafarers), the study highlighted areas for improvement, including clearer communication, inclusive policy enhancements, and stronger leadership accountability. The findings suggest that awareness alone is insufficient; lasting protection depends on consistent enforcement and cultural transformation within the industry to fully protect all seafarers
The Influence of Promotional Discounts, Perceived Scarcity, and Emotional Appeal on the Purchase Intention of College Students at a State University in Cebu City
No full textThis research aimed to explore the impact of promotional discounts, perceived scarcity, and emotional appeals on the purchasing intentions of college students attending a state university in Cebu City. The study employed a quantitative method that integrated descriptive, correlational, and predictive designs. Data were gathered from 395 students through a modified survey questionnaire, yielding a Cronbach\u27s alpha of 0.924. The study employed descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho correlation, and multiple regression to test the gathered data. The results showed that all three factors significantly influenced students\u27 purchasing intentions; the highest predictor among the three was emotional appeal, followed by promotional discounts and perceived scarcity. This suggests that students may be influenced by marketing strategies that invoke urgency; however, what ultimately affects them more are those that give emotional sentiments while providing value with discounts and promotions. The study, therefore, concludes that students’ purchasing intentions are probably influenced more by marketing strategies that combine emotional engagement with a reasonable price and scarcity acting as a supporting marketing strategy. Furthermore, this research offers valuable insights into how sales promotions, feelings of scarcity, and emotional appeal impact college students\u27 purchasing intentions