Texas A&M International University: Research Information Online (RIO)
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Revising the leadership paradigm in sub-Saharan Africa: A study of community-based leadership
No full textMuch of the discourse on leadership in sub-Saharan Africa emphasizes leader characteristics, skills, styles, and behaviors, while ignoring the relationships, interactions, practical judgments, and unique contexts that make up leadership in everyday cultural community life. This essay argues that the focus on individual leaders hardly reflects leadership as practice in African communities. An alternative, pragmatic view based on unique historicity and cultural community norms is proposed, one that has a chance of fostering social change and institutional transformation. © 2009 The American Society for Public Administration
Bean farmers and thunder mugs: Russell Lee\u27s 1940 farm security administration photographs and letters of Pie town and Catron county
No full textInformation systems theorizing based on evolutionary psychology: An interdisciplinary review and theory integration framework
No full textEvolutionary psychology holds great promise as one of the possible pillars on which information systems theorizing can take place. Arguably, evolutionary psychology can provide the key to many counterintuitive predictions of behavior toward technology, because many of the evolved instincts that influence our behavior are below our level of conscious awareness; often those instincts lead to behavioral responses that are not self-evident. This paper provides a discussion of information systems theorizing based on evolutionary psychology, centered on key human evolution and evolutionary genetics concepts and notions. It is argued here that there is often a need to integrate evolutionary and non-evolutionary theories, and four important preconditions for the successful integration of evolutionary and non-evolutionary theories are discussed. An example of integration of evolutionary and non-evolutionary theories is provided. The example focuses on one evolutionary information systems theory-media naturalness theory-previously developed as an alternative to media richness theory, and one non-evolutionary information systems theory, channel expansion theory
Solving the market split problem via branch-and-cut
No full textIn 1999 some researchers put forth some small but extremely difficult 0/1 problems derived from the market split (market sharing) problem originally proposed by a researcher in 1978. These problems, offered as a challenge to the optimisation community, motivated a series of research efforts trying several competing methodologies. As part of their testing, they employed both branch-and-bound and branch-and-cut algorithms and reported that branch-and-bound performed poorly and branch-and-cut did even worse. Based on this result they concluded that \u27standard approaches to integer programming are not well suited for this class of problems\u27. Other researchers offered similar assessments. In this note we demonstrate that current state of the art branch-and-cut methods, unavailable earlier, is able to solve these problems to optimality. Then we also solve 40 numerical problems to optimality and also find that it works quite nicely on even larger problem instances. Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd
Sujeto y Función
No full textUna comunicología semiótica interesada en la tensión que se da entre los procesos del sujeto y la lógica del sistema que los define, debe comenzar por reconocer la sujeción en que consiste ser para accionar. El documento retoma de la semiótica del relato de Algirdas Julien Greimas un modelo de interpretación del sujeto como dispositivo para el cumplimiento de las funciones propias del relato – sistema de relaciones simbólicas– en el que se encuentra inmerso y que en algún sentido le da su razón de ser. Como resultado de estas tensiones, el sujeto aparece como incompleto, móvil y complejo. Visto el problema desde la comunicología, la distensión como desujeción consiste en la producción de un sujeto situado que, sin ser concebido como libre, se entiende como interactuante y, por tanto, en proceso de devenir, función de sí mismo. Para ello, a diferencia de lo que se admite para el sujeto como ficción narrativa, el presente trabajo reconoce el papel que en la comunicación juega la facultación que opera el sujeto concreto, desde y contra el sistema pero, sobre todo, a favor de sí mismo.Palabras clave: sujeto, tensión, función semiótica, función matemática, comunicología
A note on integer programming formulations of the real-time optimal scheduling and flight path selection of UAVs
No full textIn recent years, considerable attention has been given to research on various aspects of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications. UAVs are currently used for various military and civilian missions in the air, sea, space, and on the ground. In two recent papers, Shima et al. (2007) and Kim et al. (2007) considered closely similar m-UAV problems. In Shima et al. (2007), the problem is considered with each target being served by only one UAV to minimize the total travel distance across all UAVs (called load balancing), however, in Kim et al. (2007), the problem is considered with maximum number of targets that each UAV can serve with the objective of minimizing load balancing. Kim et al. presented mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations of the load balancing problem both for when the UAVs return to their original depot and when they do not. Shima et al. presented a combinatorial optimization formulation of their model with a branch-and-bound solution procedure. The MILP formulation of the load balancing problem is also adaptable to Shima et al\u27s problem. However, there are major inefficiencies with the MILP formulation presented in Kim et al\u27s model. In fact, The MILP formulations presented in Kim et al. are highly complicated with huge number of variables and constraints making them impractical for applications. The purpose of the present note is to provide explicit MILP formulations that dramatically reduce the number of variables and the number of constraints for variety of UAV tour assignment problems including the two models mentioned above and via simulation we show significance of these new formulations. © 2009 IEEE
A comparative analysis of e-collaboration research funding in the European Union and the United States
No full textMuch of the funding for research and development initiatives in the area of e-collaboration comes from government agencies in various countries. Government funding of e-collaboration research in the European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.), in particular, seems to be experiencing steady growth in recent years. In the EU, a key initiative to promote governmental investment in e-collaboration research is the Collaboration@Work initiative. This initiative is one of the EU\u27s Information Society Technologies Directorate General\u27s main priorities. In the U.S., government investment in e-collaboration research is channeled through several government branches and organizations, notably the National Science Foundation. There are key differences in the approaches used for government funding of e-collaboration research in the EU and U.S. Among other differences, the EU model appears to foster research that is aligned with the action research tradition, whereas the U.S. model places emphasis on research that is better aligned with the experimental research tradition. © 2009, IGI Global
El consumo de programación extranjera de la televisión nacional: una aproximación a la construcción de la identidad de los habitantes de Saltillo, Coahuila
No full textEn este artículo ofrece un acercamiento a los patrones de consumo de la programación extranjera de la televisión abierta, con base en una muestra de los habitantes de Saltillo, Coahuila. Se explora si la exposición frecuente a contenidos extranjeros se relaciona con algunos rasgos de mexicanismo, como una pista para entender la construcción de identidades en esta región. Los resultados permiten afirmar que los habitantes de Saltillo, al igual que otras regiones del país, prefieren exponerse a la programación que les ofrecen los canales nacionales y, principalmente, a los géneros cuya producción es de carácter nacional (noticieros, telenovelas, programas cómicos). Los resultados también sugieren que no existe relación entre el consumo de programación extranjera y los rasgos de mexicanismo incluidos en el estudio.Palabras clave: televisión, consumo, identidad
Acceso y usos de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC\u27s) entre las niñas y los niños mexicanos: el caso de la ciudad de Monterrey
No full textEl siguiente texto muestra algunos de los resultados de una investigación realizada sobre el acceso y los usos de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC’s) entre las niñas y los niños de quinto y sexto de primaria de la ciudad de Monterrey. Las temáticas que se abordan son las características del entorno mediático en el que las niñas y los niños se desenvuelven, poniendo especial atención en el acceso y usos de la red Internet, en el cómo aprenden a usar la red Internet y cómo navegan en ésta