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Exhibición y programación cinematográfica en Monterrey, México de 1922 a 1962: un estudio de caso desde la perspectiva de la “Nueva historia del cine”
No full textEl trabajo, inspirado en la perspectiva teórica sobre la Nueva Historia del Cine (New Cinema History), describe y discute la exhibición y programación de películas de 1922 a 1962 en la ciudad de Monterrey, México, la tercera en población en el país. Con el propósito de ofrecer un estudio de caso fuera de los Estados Unidos y Europa que permita contrastar y refinar las afirmaciones previas sobre los factores sociales, culturales y económicos que influyen en la oferta cinematográfica, el estudio describe la ubicación geográfica de las salas de cine de esta ciudad altamente industrializada y la evolución de su programación a lo largo de ese periodo. El estudio se basa en investigación documental en los archivos de la ciudad y en las carteleras cinematográficas publicitadas en los diarios locales durante las cinco décadas cubiertas. Mediante información sobre el número de cines en las diferentes partes de la ciudad y el origen de 12,462 filmes exhibidos durante 52 días de cada uno de los cinco años en la muestra, el artículo analiza la presencia histórica de las películas de Hollywood en la ciudad, el auge y declive de la exhibición de cintas nacionales durante los 1940 y los 1950 y los incrementos y decrementos históricos en el número de salas cinematográficas así como sus características. En la discusión final se ofrece una reflexión sobre la manera en que los cines y sus estrategias de programación interactuaron con las redes sociales y culturales de la población, estableciendo las bases de una cultura de la pantalla entre las audiencias locales diferenciada principalmente de acuerdo a la clase social. El proyecto es una réplica de un estudio similar realizado en Flandes, Bélgica por Daniel Biltereyst (Universidad de Gante) y Philippe Meers (Universidad de Amberes).AbstractInspired in the new cinema history perspective, and with the objective of providing a case study from a location outside of the United States and Europe to contrast findings and refine assertions about social, cultural and economic factors influencing the supply and consumption of films, this paper discusses the exhibition and programming of motion pictures from 1922 to 1962 in Monterrey, Mexico, the third largest city in the country. Through archival research and the programming schedules of daily newspapers of the epoch, the study explores the way in which sites for film exhibition were situated in this highly industrialized Mexican city, geographically close to the United States and the historical evolution of their programming during that period. Using data on the number of cinemas in the different parts of the city and the origin of 12,462 films exhibited during 52 days of each of the 5 years in the sample, the paper discusses the historical presence of Hollywood films in the city, the boom and decline in the exhibition of national films during the 1940s and 1950s, and the historical increase and decrease in the number and characteristics of cinema venues. The paper concludes with a discussion on the way in which cinemas and their programming strategies interacted with the cultural and social networks of the city, establishing the basis for a screen culture among local audiences particularly along class lines. The project is a replica of a Belgian study coordinated by Daniël Biltereyst (University of Ghent) and Philippe Meers (University of Antwerp)
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root bark extracts
No full textThe development of resistance to antibiotics by infectious agents has been a continuous challenge. Thus, in this study, the aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, a potential plant source for novel antibiotics. Toward this end, dried powdered samples of the root barks of Z. zanthoxyloides were extracted successively to obtain Crude Petroleum Ether (CPE), Defatted Ethanol Ether (DEE) and Defatted Ethanol Chloroform (DEC) extracts. The antimicrobial activities indicated by the size of the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) of each extract at concentrations 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 μg μL -1 were evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) using disc diffusion method. Two sets of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed. The first set comprised separate ANOVAs for each microorganism because the positive controls were different for each microorganism, although the negative control (DMSO) was the same for all. The second set was a single combined ANOVA with all microorganisms included with their positive controls excluded. The first set of analysis showed that DEE had significantly (p\u3c0.001) higher antimicrobial activity than DMSO, CPE, or DEC. No significant interaction between extract and concentration was detected. The second set indicated a significant (p\u3c0.01) interaction effect between extract and microorganism. Although no significant differences in ZOI were observed for microorganisms exposed to DMSO, CPE and DEC; one particular microorganism VREF was found to be the most susceptible to DEE. In addition, findings of this study show the potential of Z. zanthoxyloides as a source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc
For better or worse? Gender and perceptions of formal and informal justice systems in afghanistan
No full textWe draw on survey data from a national probability sample of 6, 406 Afghan adults (aged 18 years and older) to explore gender differences in the perceptions of formal and informal justice systems. The study utilizes binary logistic regression to probe whether men and women differ in their attitudes and the extent to which other factors may mediate both within– and across–ethnic group differences. We find that women have more confidence in the formal system than their male counterparts, whereas the opposite is true for the informal system. The scholarly and policy implications of these results are discussed. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Programmatic and teaching initiatives for ethnically diverse nursing students: A literature review
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence of programmatic and teaching initiatives implemented by nursing faculty to enhance the academic success rates of ethnically diverse students (EDS). Methods: A search of the literature in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and MEDLINE databases, wherein primary sources about programmatic and teaching initiative to promote academic success among EDS, was conducted. Using specific the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature subject headings and Medical Subject Headings, 230 articles were retrieved from both databases. A total of 22 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2011 were included in the literature review. Results: We found that evidence on the predominant programmatic and teaching initiatives for EDS academic success was inconclusive. The most common programmatic and teaching initiatives implemented by nursing faculty were peer mentoring, faculty-student mentoring, social networking, academic support, and financial support. Conclusion: Although positive student outcomes were reported about programmatic and teaching initiatives for EDS, the evidence remained inconclusive. Recommendations for policy and future research in this area of nursing education research were provided. © 2012 Korean Society of Nursing Science
Analyzing software piracy from supply and demand factors: The competing roles of corruption and economic wealth
No full textThis study analyzes the competing roles of economic wealth and corruption on software piracy based on the supply-demand perspective. The study argues that even though greater economic wealth may encourage people to buy legal software instead of using pirated software, the ease of access to pirated copies in the open market as a result of corruption can have a stronger influence on the decision to use pirated software. The empirical results also reveal that while an increase in economic wealth can reduce software piracy, its effect tends to be moderated by the level of corruption in a country. These results indicate that a pricing strategy that makes software more affordable is not a sufficient policy for combating software piracy. Additional policies aimed at combating corruption should be implemented concomitantly for effective resolution of this problem. Copyright © 2012, IGI Global
Convergence analysis for least-squares finite element approximations of second-order two-point boundary value problems
No full textIn this paper, a C0 least-squares finite element method for second-order two-point boundary value problems is considered. The problem is recast as a first-order system. Standard and improved optimal error estimates in maximum-norms are established. Superconvergence estimates at interelement, Lobatto, and Gauss points are developed. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate theoretical results. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Bilingual Memory
No full textThis chapter provides a general overview of some of the major theories psycholinguistics have employed to explain how bilinguals store and access information from and between their two languages. It starts with reviews on early theoretical formulations, and goes on to evaluate Paivio\u27s bilingual dual coding theory, and the highly influential hierarchical models that assume a bilingual memory structure composed of language-specific mental lexicons and a shared conceptual representation. Next, it critically evaluates the distributed model of bilingual memory that poses a bilingual memory structure based on word type. The chapter concludes by evaluating the possibility that bilingual lexical access might be language-nonselective in which the bilingual\u27s two languages continuously interact and compete for activation during the language comprehension process. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing, Ltd
Bacterial loading during flooding: A case study from 2010 on the Bi-national Rio Grande
No full textEscherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria loadings were tracked during the summer 2010 major flood event of the Rio Grande using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model. This bi-national watershed spanning Texas and Mexico has loading from urban point source sewage outfalls and non-point source loadings from rangeland and agricultural areas located upstream of a urban centre (Laredo/Nuevo Laredo). Flood events represent a high risk for human health since bacterial loadings increased during the flood. Sampling during flood conditions is dangerous and therefore there are comparatively few studies that have examined bacterial values in rivers during flood events. Therefore, the safest way to obtain bacterial concentrations during a flood event is through hydrologic modelling. Significantly, the initial assumption of constant bacterial loading within the basin is not valid. As demonstrated by previous research there is a strong linear correlation between streamflow and E. coli values. The outcomes of this study will provide guidelines for users of the SWAT model to predict bacteria fate and transport during future flood events and will therefore assist communities in improving management of their water supplies. Finally, use of satellite precipitation data as primary input for the SWAT model potentially extends the findings of this study to areas of the developing world that lack ground monitoring of precipitation. © 201 WIT Press
Concentración global del negocio de la publicidad. Los cuatro principales grupos: WPP, Omnicom Group, Interpublic y Publicis.
No full textLa tendencia a la concentración mediática en el contexto global no ha sido ajena al sector de la publicidad. En las últimas décadas, mientras que las industrias culturales se adaptaban a las exigencias del mercado global, las empresas publicitarias hacían lo propio a través de su participación en alianzas, fusiones y todo tipo de estrategias que dieron como resultado la agrupación de más empresas en menos manos. En la actualidad (2012) menos de una decena de firmas controlan el mercado internacional, mismas que se presentan con diversas marcas pero operan en alianzas y acuerdos que conforman grandes grupos publicitarios. En este artículo se definen detalladamente los cuatro principales grupos de publicidad en el panorama internacional: WPP, Omnicom Group, Interpublic y Publicis. AbstractThe trend of media concentration in the global scene isn’t foreign to the advertising sector. Over the last decades, while cultural industries were adapting to the requirements of the global market, advertising companies were doing their own repositioning, taking part in alliances, mergers and numerous strategies with the resulting consequence of the conglomeration of more companies in fewer hands. Currently (2012, less than a dozen companies control the international market. They appear under diverse names but operate in alliances and agreements that in turn constitute large advertising groups. In this article we define in detail the four principal advertising groups in the international scene: WPP, Omnicom Group, Interpublic and Publicis
Repoll, J. (2010). Arqueología de los estudios culturales de audiencia. México, D.F.: Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México.
No full textConsultar texto completo para acceder a la reseña de la obra: Repoll, J. (2010). Arqueología de los estudios culturales de audiencia. México, D.F.: Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México