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Chapter 99 - Presenting data
No full textPresenting data is one of the challenging steps in writing manuscripts. It is crucial to reflect an organized flow of ideas throughout the different sections of the paper to convey a clear message in a storytelling manner. Simplicity and clarity are essentials. Having a structure for presenting the data makes it easy to deliver the manuscript effectively. The IMRAD style is one of the most used by different publishers: Introduction (Question asked?), Methods (How was it studied?), Results (What was found?), Discussion (What do the findings mean?). The introduction section should summarize the knowledge gap that led to the research question. The method section should state the patient population, methods selection, and statistical analysis used in the study. The result section is the “number section,” where all relevant results should be reported objectively. A suggested flow of the discussion section is to summarize the major findings at the beginning, which will address the questions posed in the introduction. Then, comparing the results with the most recent trials should follow, whether the results supported or declined the current thinking. Next, the authors should explain the discrepant results followed by the study\u27s possible clinical and scientific implications. Finally, a suggestion for further work should conclude the section. Graphs give the researcher the advantage of visual emphasis of the data and a quicker grasp of the results while minimizing lengthy text descriptions
Health-related quality of life and treatment satisfaction in pediatric patients with hypogammaglobulinemia treated with subcutaneous versus intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy
No full textDiagnostic Accuracy of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Pre-renal and Pre-hepatic Transplant Evaluation — A Meta-analysis
No full textInfant and Toddler Peanut Oral Immunotherapy: Initiation Before Age 2 Increases Ad Libitum Peanut Consumption
No full textBackground: Peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) has promising potential of disease modification, but there are no studies to date evaluating high-dose POIT, leading to ad libitum (ad lib) consumption of peanut products, especially in children 6 months to 4 years of age.
Objective: To report real-world outcomes of high-dose POIT in children 6 months to 4 years of age, including adverse events, achievement of ad lib consumption, and the impact of age on these outcome measures.
Methods: Patients 6 months to 4 years of age with a diagnosis of peanut allergy were enrolled in a POIT protocol with a goal dose of 3000 mg. Demographics along with POIT and clinical outcomes 6 months after POIT are reported.
Results: Sixty children, with a median age of 16 months, started POIT. Three (5%) were lost to follow-up, and 6 (10%) discontinued POIT because of recurrent adverse events or the inability to consume daily peanut protein. Fifty-one (85%) children completed POIT in a median of 7 months and were consuming ad lib peanut products for a duration of 6 months after completion of the POIT protocol. Sixteen (26.7%) children experienced a total of 22 adverse reactions during POIT. Initiating POIT before 24 months of age increased the likelihood of ad lib peanut consumption by an odds ratio of 11.69 (1.19-114.31, P = .035).
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that high-dose POIT in infants and toddlers is well tolerated and can lead to ad lib introduction of dietary peanut products into the diet, especially if initiated before 2 years of age
Can Anemia Be a Prognostic Indicator to Scope for Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma?
Full text linkGastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a rapidly progressive disease that has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 20%. It commonly presents with major symptoms of dysphagia and weight loss in addition to a long-standing history of reflux. As of now, screening for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is dependent on identifying risk factors which include a family history of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma or patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and at least one other risk factory for EAC such as age greater than 50 years, obesity or central adiposity, history of smoking, or male gender. Here, we present a case of an individual who presented with rapidly worsening dysphagia which was preceded by early anemia. We hope this case presents anemia as a crucial factor that would warrant screening patients with early complaints of dysphagia or weight loss for esophageal adenocarcinoma
B-59 Malnutrition Drastically Worsens Outcomes of Mitra Clip Implantation; Insights from Real World Data
No full textComparison of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization, serotype-specific and protein-specific antibody and cytokine levels in young children prior to, during and post COVID-19 pandemic
No full textBACKGROUND: We studied changes in pneumococcal epidemiology and immunology in young children at pre-COVID, during-COVID and post-COVID time-frames.
METHODS: Pneumococci were cultured from nasopharynx and density semi-quantified at six healthy child visits, age 6-36 months, and during acute otitis media (AOM). Serum antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Nasopharyngeal cytokine/chemokine levels were measured by rt-PCR. Differences between pre-COVID (2017 Mar-2019 July), during-COVID (2020 March-2022 March) and post-COVID (2022 April-2023 July) were analyzed.
RESULTS: At healthy visits, pneumococcal detection was significantly lower during-COVID (21 %) vs. pre-COVID (28 %) and returned to 27 % post-COVID. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal detection during AOM was not different during the three time frames (47-49 %), and density was consistently higher during AOM compared to healthy visits. Multiple vaccine and non- vaccine serotypes were detected during all time-frames. During-COVID, antibody levels to serotype 6A were lower than pre or post-COVID when measured at 24 months old. Increasing antibody levels occurred across the three time-frames for serotypes 22F and 33F. Pneumococcal- specific protein IgG levels did not differ across the three time-frames. Nasopharyngeal cytokine/chemokine levels during-COVID were lower.
CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization, antibody and cytokine levels in young children differed compared to before and after the pandemic
What Will it Take to Cure Cancer? Historical Context and Future Directions in Cancer Medicine
No full textLaurie Sands, MD Memorial Lecture:
What Will it Take to Cure Cancer? Historical Context and Future Directions in Cancer Medicine. Christopher Lieu, MD, Co-Director, GI Medical Oncology, Associate Director for Clinical Research, University of Colorado
Objectives: Where have we been? Chemotherapy Where are we now? Targeted and Immunotherapy Where are we going? How do we get better
Babesiosis unmasked in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report
No full textChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-related autoimmune cytopenias are common. Herein, we present the case of a patient with bicytopenia (anemia and thrombocytopenia), weakly positive direct Coombs test, and increased hemolytic markers. Cytopenias were initially presumed to be autoimmune and related to CLL. He was started on prednisone but to no effect. This prompted re-evaluation of peripheral blood smear which showed intra-erythrocytic inclusions. Considering the patient’s recent extensive hiking in tick-endemic areas and current residence in New York State, polymerase chain reaction for Babesia was performed, yielding a positive result. Treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin for 6 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in both cytopenias and hemolytic markers
Updates and Current Knowledge on the Common Forms of Gastroenteritis: A Review
No full textAcute gastroenteritis is a major cause of diarrheal illnesses throughout the United States. The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published within the last ten years. There are multiple etiologies of gastroenteritis that affect the general population. Out of the many causes, norovirus continues to be a leading cause of acute diarrheal illness worldwide. Rotavirus was also a common form of diarrhea worldwide, but the development of routine vaccination has largely reduced its incidence. Bacterial gastroenteritis continues to be a significant burden on healthcare facilities worldwide. Supportive care remains the cornerstone of treatment, while using antibiotics remains crucial in severe bacterial forms of gastroenteritis. Acute gastroenteritis remains a significant global health concern requiring a multifaceted approach for effective management. Enhanced diagnostic techniques, vaccine development, and robust public health measures are essential in controlling the spread of gastroenteritis