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An Overview of Technology Landscape in Construction Materials for the Indonesian Construction Industry
Get PDFAbstract.
The Indonesian construction sector plays a substantial role in the nation's economic growth. According to the World Economic Forum, this industry currently contributes approximately 6% to the global GDP and is projected to increase to 14.7% by 2030. Nevertheless, the construction sector predominantly relies on traditional craft-based methods, resulting in suboptimal performance and quality due to limited technology utilization. Hence, the Indonesian construction industry must increase investment in technology adoption, development, and application to enhance national development support. Material technology plays an essential role in construction projects. A survey of 40 Indonesian contractors revealed that the utilization priority for concrete and steel materials remains high under normal conditions and during the covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical development, utilization, contribution, and future strategy for concrete and steel construction material technology in Indonesia. Contrastingly, this data is crucial for shaping construction technology development and utilization policies in Indonesia. The study will systematically chart the technological landscape in the country, employing literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaires as its methodology.
Keywords: Material technology, technology development, technology utilization.
Abstrak.
Sektor konstruksi Indonesia memainkan peran penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi negara ini. Menurut World Economic Forum, industri ini memberikan kontribusi sekitar 6% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) global dan diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi sekitar 14,7% pada tahun 2030. Namun, sektor konstruksi masih sangat mengandalkan metode tradisional, yang mengakibatkan kinerja yang kurang optimal dan kualitas yang rendah karena rendahnya penggunaan teknologi. Oleh karena itu, industri konstruksi Indonesia harus meningkatkan investasi dalam adopsi, pengembangan, dan penerapan teknologi untuk meningkatkan dukungan pengembangan nasional. Teknologi material memainkan peran penting dalam proyek konstruksi. Sebuah survei terhadap 40 kontraktor Indonesia mengungkapkan bahwa prioritas pemanfaatan material beton dan baja tetap tinggi dalam kondisi normal dan selama pandemi covid-19. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang perkembangan historis, pemanfaatan, kontribusi, dan strategi masa depan untuk teknologi material konstruksi beton dan baja di Indonesia. Sebaliknya, data ini krusial dalam kebijakan pengembangan dan pemanfaatan teknologi konstruksi di Indonesia. Studi ini akan secara sistematis menggambarkan lanskap teknologi di negara ini, dengan menggunakan studi literatur, wawancara, dan kuesioner sebagai metodologi utamanya.
Kata-kata kunci: Teknologi material, pengembangan teknologi, pemanfaatan teknologi
Artificial Light as A Supporting Element to Achieve Sacredness in the Holy Spirit Cathedral Church of Denpasar
Get PDFThe sacred space in Catholic Church buildings is intended for people to experience the mystery of God’s work of salvation and the epiphany of faith through light as one of its design elements. Light is seen as a significant aspect of Catholic teachings, representing divine manifestation through its symbolic function. The presence of artificial light in the worship room of the Holy Spirit Cathedral Denpasar was designed to accommodate all worship activities in conveying symbolic meanings. This study aimed to determine how artificial lighting through pragmatic, psychological, and symbolic functions is present in the prayer room. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The study results showed that the pragmatic function of light in the worship room of the Holy Spirit Cathedral Denpasar is considered a supporting aspect, while light with its psychological and symbolic functions is considered to be the main aspect, which is very influential in creating a spatial atmosphere that facilitates the religious experience of the churchgoer. Although the presence of artificial lighting in the worship room does not fulfill visual comfort, churchgoers consider the presence of artificial light to be able to accommodate the whole procession of worship activities
Morphological and Fractal Characteristics of City Road Networks from Philippine Metropolitan Regions
Get PDFCity road networks evolve from the fundamental need to connect various locations and to subdivide available space, especially in large urban areas. No two cities are exactly the same, however, and the differences manifest themselves in the layout of roads across their geographical regions. In this work, the fractal dimensions of urban roads from the three major metropolitan regions of the Philippines were investigated, along with the distributions of dimensionless spatial metrics for characterizing roads and road-bounded blocks. The dimensionless metrics reveal the commonalities, particularly the road and block motifs found in the urban road network tapestry. On the other hand, the fractal dimensions hint at the difference in levels of urbanization of the various cities and municipalities, which are considered subject to geographical constraints. This research adds to the growing literature with a complexity perspective on urban systems by reporting on an archipelagic road network data set. From a practical perspective, this work is deemed to be a useful first step towards an even deeper quantitative analysis of these regional economic centers and its insights may be used for drafting effective policy measures for management and further development
Inferring Socioeconomic Characteristics from Travel Patterns
Get PDFNowadays, crowd-based big data is widely used in transportation planning. These data sources provide valuable information for model validation; however, they cannot be used to estimate travel demand forecasting models, because these models need a linkage between travel patterns and the socioeconomic characteristics of the people making trips and such a connection is not available due to privacy issues. As such, uncovering the correlation between travel patterns and socioeconomic characteristics is crucial for travel demand modelers to be able to leverage such data in model estimation. Different age, gender, and income groups may have specific travel behavior preferences. To extract and investigate these patterns, we used two data sets: one from the National Household Travel Survey 2009 and the other from the Metropolitan Washington Council of Government Transportation Planning Board 2007-2008 household survey. After preprocessing the data, a range of machine learning algorithms were used to synthesize the socioeconomic characteristics of travelers. After comparison, we found that the CatBoost model outperformed the other models. To further improve the results, a synthetic population and Bayesian updating were used, which considerably improved the estimation of income. This study showed that the conventional inference of travel demand from socioeconomic patterns can be reversed, creating an opportunity to utilize the plethora of crowd-based mobility data
Spectral Matching of Three-Component Seismic Ground Accelerations for Critical Structures
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This study introduces a new procedure for three-component spectral matching of seismic ground acceleration records. The procedure involves preserving the phase angle and varying the Fourier amplitudes to match the spectra of the recorded records with a provided target spectrum that represents the spectral values of ground motions in three orthogonal directions. Several three-component recorded records were matched against two target response spectra to test the method. An accurate convergence was achieved in the velocity and displacement records. In addition, the scales among the components’ magnitude were maintained, creating realistic three-component ground motions. Such ground motion inputs are important to qualify critical structures sensitive to three-component motions. Our proposed procedure is novel because the present practices are mostly created based on one-component ground motions.
Keywords: Spectral matching, three components, component scales, phase angle, critical structures.
Abstrak
Studi ini mengusulkan prosedur baru terkait penyesuaian spektra catatan percepatan gempa. Prosedur ini dilakukan dengan mempertahankan sudut phasa tetapi mengubah amplitudo Fourier catatan percepatan gempa demikian hingga spektrumnya sesuai dengan target. Target spektrum yang diinputkan mewakili tiga komponen gempa. Untuk mengujinya, beberapa catatan gempa tiga-komponen disesuaikan spektrumnya terhadap dua target spektra. Ketelitian yang cukup baik terlihat dari catatan kecepatan dan simpangan. Skala ketiga komponen juga dijaga sehingga dihasilkan percepatan gempa tiga-komponen yang realistis. Percepatan gempa sejenis ini diperlukan dalam proses kualifikasi struktur penting yang sensitif terhadap pengaruh gerakan tiga arah. Prosedur tersebut adalah baru karena teknik yang ada sekarang didasarkan pada penyesuain spektrum per-komponen.
Kata-kata Kunci: Penyesuaian spektra, tiga komponen, skala komponen, sudut phasa, struktur penting.
An Enhanced Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Method on Throughput Maximization in Urban 5G FBMC Heterogeneous Network
Get PDFReports have shown that the demand for data managed by wireless systems is expected to grow by more than 500 exabytes by 2025 and beyond. 5G networks are predicted to meet these demands, provided that the spectrum resources are well managed. In this paper, an enhanced dynamic spectrum allocation (E-DSA) method is proposed, which incorporates a cooperative type of game theory called the Nash bargaining solution (NBS). It was assumed that there is one primary user (PU) and two secondary users (SU) in the network and their spectrum allocation was analyzed by testing the validity of the algorithm itself by using price weight factors to control the costs of the spectrum sharing. The solution was established by combining a proposed multiplexing method called the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) for 5G configuration, with the E-DSA algorithm to maximize the throughput of a heterogeneous 5G network. It was shown that the throughputs for 5G with E-DSA implementation were always higher than those of the ones without E-DSA. The simulation was done using the LabVIEW communication software and was analyzed based on a 5G urban macro and micro network configuration to validate the heterogeneity of the network
Physicothermal and Topography Analysis of Polyurethane Modified Bitumen with Rediset for WMA Application
Get PDFThe effects of modifying a 60/70 penetration grade bitumen with 3 wt% polyurethane (PU) and a Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) additive, namely Rediset, were explored in this research. Penetration, softening point, viscosity, and ductility tests were employed for consistency testing, while the differential scanning calorimetry was used for thermal characterization. The topography and surface roughness of the modified bitumen were evaluated using atomic force microscopy. Adding PU and Rediset to the base bitumen (BB) stiffens the BB slightly, giving it a lower penetration and higher viscosity values, which improves the rutting resistance. The thermal transition of the glass temperature and melting temperature are similar to the BB. Furthermore, the addition of PU and Rediset to BB shows a clear bee structure topography in dry condition, indicating better dispersion, while in wet condition, the bee structure is mostly affected in the catana and para phase that reveals a reduced in the the wax content of the BB. The bitumen modified with PU and Rediset has a lower surface roughness than BB, making it less susceptible to moisture damage
TransJakarta Service Evaluation in Controlling COVID-19 Transmission Using Twitter Sentiment Analysis
Get PDFThis study attempted to understand passenger perception of using public transport by utilizing Twitter data about the services of the TransJakarta Busway. Tweets were the main data source to capture users’ responses toward these services. Users’ perceptions were analyzed by sentiment analysis using a naïve Bayes algorithm. Furthermore, content analysis was used to inform improvements in service maintenance. The findings showed that the pandemic had a major impact on TransJakarta services, from a decrease in users, route closures, and fleet reductions to changes in user behavior. Most Tweets were negative regarding (1) poor bus frequency, leading to long queues and passenger overcrowding at bus stops and inside buses; (2) failure to maintain social distancing measures; (3) frequent violations of the 50% bus capacity reduction during peak hours, and showing a lack of consideration in measuring demand size during peak hours; (4) staff’s weak control of implementing the health protocol exacerbated poor services. This study suggests service improvement based on peak hour demand analysis to offset the implications of a 50% capacity restriction by providing proper bus frequencies and headway arrangements considerable enough to avoid crowding, followed by optimal monitoring of health protocol by staff. Tweet data may inform poor management in controlling the transmission of COVID-19 on public transportation. Hence, using Twitter data could replace conventional data collection methods like user interviews. Beneficial information from Tweet data can be captured at relatively low costs. Therefore, it may aid the evaluation of PPKM policy implementation to create more resilient public transportation during pandemics