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River Morphological Study of Downstream Paneki River in Palu Watershed Following The Earthquake and Liquefaction Disaster at Central Sulawesi
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An earthquake that struck Central Sulawesi Province in 2018 triggered liquefaction in several locations such as Jono Oge village where the middle stream of Paneki River flows. Liquefaction caused the Paneki River wash in the densely populated settlement became narrower and shallower due to “flowing” material. In response, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing initiates River Improvement and Sediment Control in Paneki River project. The implementation of this project will affect the river’s behaviour, especially its morphological aspects. Therefore, a study of the discharge capacity and morphological analysis due to said project is needed. The study is conducted using numerical model simulation to obtain the river discharge capacity and river morphological changes in form of bed changes. The model simulation result shows the maximum discharge capacity of Paneki river is 259.81m3/s, also the bed upstream and downstream of the river degrade, with consolidation dam - 1 (CD-1) stabilized the river bed upstream of the dam to 2740 m relative to the river outlet. Stabilization due to the position of CD - 2 could be described using the following equation of y = -1018 ln(x) + 7208.1, the average degradation of the downstream area could be described with y= 0.017x0.6701.
Keywords: River morphology, numerical model, bed degradation.
Abstrak.
Gempa bumi yang melanda Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah pada tahun 2018 memicu terjadinya likuifaksi di beberapa lokasi seperti Desa Jono Oge tempat Sungai Paneki mengalir. Likuifaksi menyebabkan aliran sungai di desa tersebut menjadi sempit dan dangkal akibat material yang “mengalir”. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat melakukan pekerjaan Perbaikan Sungai dan Pengendalian Sedimen di Sungai Paneki untuk mengatasi dampak liquifaksi, dimana pelaksanaan pekerjaan ini akan mempengaruhi perilaku sungai, terutama morfologinya. Oleh karena itu, studi tentang kapasitas debit dan analisis morfologi sungai karena proyek tersebut perlu diperlukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model numerik untuk mengetahui perubahan morfologi sungai berupa perubahan dasar dan kapasitas debit sungai. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan kapasitas debit maksimum adalah 259,81m3/s, dasar sungai di hulu dan hilir sungai mengalami penurunan, dengan bendungan konsolidasi - 1 (CD-1) menstabilkan dasar sungai di hulu bendung hingga 2740 m relatif dari outlet sungai. Stabilisasi akibat posisi CD - 2 dapat digambarkan dengan persamaan: y = -1018 ln(x) + 7208.1, degradasi rata-rata daerah hilir dapat digambarkan dengan y= 0.017x0.6701.
Kata-kata Kunci: Morfologi sungai, model numerik, degradasi dasar sungai
Effect of Jetty to the Capacity of Bogowonto River Mouth, Kulon Progo Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
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Bogowonto River is the main river in the Bogowonto watershed which is included in the Serayu Bogowonto River Area. In the dry season, the mouth of the Bogowonto river closes because sediment deposits accumulate at the river mouth, disrupting the river flow to the sea. At high tide, sediment holds the Bogowonto River flow because it impacts the backwater downstream of the Bogowonto river, causing flooding in several locations, especially around Yogyakarta International Airport. The flow capacity of the Bogowonto river is decreasing, causing flooding problems, so this study needs to do an analysis. Backwater analysis at the Bogowonto River estuary simulates the existing jetty in the HEC-RAS program. In contrast, simulated morphology change river was with two jetty scenarios using the DELFT3D program.
Keywords: Sediment, flooding, backwater, estuary, jetty.
Abstrak.
Sungai Bogowonto merupakan sungai utama di DAS Bogowonto yang termasuk dalam Wilayah Sungai Serayu Bogowonto. Pada musim kemarau muara sungai Bogowonto menutup karena endapan sedimen menumpuk di muara sungai sehingga mengganggu aliran sungai ke laut. Pada saat pasang, sedimen menahan aliran Sungai Bogowonto karena berdampak pada bagian hilir sungai Bogowonto sehingga menyebabkan banjir di beberapa lokasi terutama di sekitar Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta. Kapasitas aliran sungai Bogowonto yang semakin berkurang sehingga menimbulkan permasalahan banjir, sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan suatu analisis. Analisis backwater di muara Sungai Bogowonto mensimulasikan jetty eksisting dalam program HEC-RAS. Sebaliknya, simulasi perubahan morfologi sungai dengan dua skenario jetty menggunakan program DELFT3D.
Kata-kata Kunci: Sedimen, banjir, backwater, muara, jetty.
 
Development of a Mini Compression Test Machine using Arduino Microcontroller as Texture Analyzer Prototype
Get PDFA texture analyzer is a standard device to measure food texture properties. This study aims to develop a mini compression test machine prototype that can function as a texture analyzer with simple operation and portability. The components and materials were chosen based on: low cost, manufacturability, and availability in the local Indonesian market. The prototype dimension was 375 × 215 × 450 mm, and used a linear ball screw slider for the translation movement with a 200 mm effective sliding distance. For obtaining the compression load, a 10 kg load cell was used, and it was replaceable by a load cell with a lower capacity if a higher measurement accuracy was required. After calibration, the linear vertical displacement and load cell had ±0.1 mm and ±1 g of accuracy, respectively. The prototype was tested to measure the texture properties of potato chops. As a result, the machine could successfully measure the load and displacement data and detect a crack phenomenon, verifying its usability as a food texture analyzer.A texture analyzer is a standard device to measure food texture properties. This study aims to develop a mini compression test machine prototype that can function as a texture analyzer with simple operation and portability. The components and materials were chosen based on: low cost, manufacturability, and availability in the local Indonesian market. The prototype dimension was 375 × 215 × 450 mm, and used a linear ball screw slider for the translation movement with a 200 mm effective sliding distance. For obtaining the compression load, a 10 kg load cell was used, and it was replaceable by a load cell with a lower capacity if a higher measurement accuracy was required. After calibration, the linear vertical displacement and load cell had ±0.1 mm and ±1 g of accuracy, respectively. The prototype was tested to measure the texture properties of potato chops. As a result, the machine could successfully measure the load and displacement data and detect a crack phenomenon, verifying its usability as a food texture analyzer
Computational Study of Nocardiotide-A Analogues in the Development of Technetium-99m Radiopeptides for Cancer Imaging for Targeting Somatostatin Receptor 2
Get PDFNocardiotide-A (cWIWLVA) is a cyclic peptide with significant cytotoxicity against several cancer cells. The present research aimed to design a radiopeptide based on nocardiotide-A analogues to be labeled by technetium-99m targeting SSTR2, which is the most widely expressed receptor in several types of human cancers and used as radiopeptide target. Nocardiotide-A analogues were individually designed by replacing valine at the lead compound with lysine, arginine, histidine, asparagine, and glutamine, and this was simulated by molecular dynamics using AMBER18. A molecular docking using AutoDock 4.2 was performed and evaluated to understand the effect of chelation of technetium-99m on 99mTc-HYNIC-EDDA and 99mTc-HYNIC-tricine on the binding affinity of nocardiotide-A analogues. The molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that the designed nocardiotide-A-based peptides were stable in the binding pocket of SSTR2 for 200 ns. Moreover, the nocardiotide-A-based radiopeptides are able to interact with residues Q102, D122, Q126, and N276 by building hydrogen bonds, which are essential binding residues in SSTR2. The molecular docking simulation revealed that the best docking parameter is exhibited by 99mTc/EDDA/HYNIC-cWIWLNA and 99mTc/tricine/HYNIC-cWIWLNA with a binding free energy of –12.59 kcal/mol and –8.96 kcal/mol, respectively. Taken together, nocardiotide-A-based radiopeptides are prospective to be further developed for cancer imaging targeting SSTR2
Compaction Control Using Degree of Saturation and Plasticity Index on Tropical Soil
Get PDFSoil compaction in the field is conventionally controlled using maximum dry density, (ρd)max, and optimum moisture content, (w)opt, as the target properties. However, achieving accurate control of these target properties can be difficult due to variation of compaction energy level (CEL) and soil type. Recently, a novel soil compaction control approach using optimum degree of saturation, (Sr)opt, as the target properties has been proposed. It was argued that (Sr)opt can be a better compaction control property as the value is less sensitive to the variation of CEL and soil type. This paper presents an investigation of the compaction characteristics of tropical soils from several locations in Indonesia based on both primary and secondary data. This study was performed by exploring the relationships between (i) dry density (ρd) and Sr, (ii) (ρd) and plasticity index (PI), (iii) (ρd) and CBR, as well as (iv) (ρd) and permeability. This study showed that the (Sr)opt of the soils was 91.2%, with variation between 81.2% and 96.5%. This study also showed that (ρd)max can be related to PI at a given CEL. It is expected that the proposed relationships can be better references for field compaction control practices in Indonesia
Evolutionary Trends in the Landscape of Hausa Open Spaces: Key Enablers of Habe City Planning Mythology
Get PDFThis study took the ‘origin-pattern-function’ of landscape progression as the central theoretical framework and conducted a systematic study on the evolution of open-space landscape patterns in Habe cities, situated between the river Niger and the river Benue in northern Nigeria. This study aimed to explore the embedded landscape cosmology in Hausaland and the origins of its historic mythology. A descriptive research and review approach was adopted, to explain and interpret prevailing practices, existing circumstances, attitudes, reasons, and on-going processes. It unveils the planning of open spaces and houses according to an ancient cosmology that organized towns during the Habe Hausa Dynasty. The open spaces appear to be a sphere of convergent and divergent forces that maintain a delicate balance, whereas the outcrop hills of central Hausaland are domicile places with religious appeal and better defensibility. Further, the physical effects of Islamic influence are visible in the landscape of Hausa cities, such as locating a mosque in the heart of the city as well spatial expressions of the practice of the seclusion of women. The study also revealed that the concept of triple outdoor space in the landscape of Habe cities is identical with that of the traditional Hausa family dwellings enclosed by a compound wall with a gate. This paper presents the key enablers of the Hausa cities’ transformation into commercial, administrative, religious, and agricultural centers. It recommends that in the event of landscape development without certain public guidelines or natural practices, complicated mediation measures should be invoked if disorder is not to prevail. It finally seeks a comprehensive application of local practices and innovative methods with the aim of averting vulnerability of urbanization
Teknologi Realitas Virtual (RV) dalam Pelatihan Bahasa Asing untuk Pelaku UMKM Indonesia
Get PDFThis article evaluates the integration of virtual reality (VR) technology in foreign language training for SMEs in Indonesia using the Kirkpatrick Model. The study involved SME actors from various industries who participated in a tailored VR language training program. Surveys and interviews were conducted to assess participants' reactions, perceptions, and relevance to language learning goals. The evaluation measured learning outcomes such as improved language proficiency and increased confidence in using foreign languages in business settings. The study also investigated behavioral changes resulting from VR training, including language skills application in daily business activities and communication strategies with international partners or customers. The overall impact of the program on SMEs' competitiveness, market expansion, and international collaboration was evaluated. The findings indicate that the VR training program was effective, with positive reactions, learning outcomes, and behavioral changes in business activities. The study emphasizes the importance of measuring reactions and suggesting improvements in training materials and implementation schedules based on participant feedback. The VR-based language training program holds promise for enhancing SMEs' language skills, competitiveness, and internationalization efforts.Artikel ini mengevaluasi integrasi teknologi virtual reality (VR) dalam pelatihan bahasa asing untuk UMKM di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Model Kirkpatrick. Penelitian ini melibatkan pelaku UKM dari berbagai industri yang berpartisipasi dalam program pelatihan bahasa VR yang disesuaikan. Survei dan wawancara dilakukan untuk menilai reaksi, persepsi, dan relevansi peserta terhadap tujuan pembelajaran bahasa. Evaluasi tersebut mengukur hasil pembelajaran seperti peningkatan kemampuan bahasa dan peningkatan kepercayaan diri dalam menggunakan bahasa asing dalam lingkungan bisnis. Studi ini juga menyelidiki perubahan perilaku yang dihasilkan dari pelatihan VR, termasuk aplikasi keterampilan bahasa dalam kegiatan bisnis sehari-hari dan strategi komunikasi dengan mitra atau pelanggan internasional. Dampak keseluruhan dari program ini terhadap daya saing UMKM, perluasan pasar, dan kolaborasi internasional juga dievaluasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa program pelatihan VR efektif, dengan reaksi positif, hasil pembelajaran, dan perubahan perilaku dalam kegiatan bisnis. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya mengukur reaksi dan menyarankan perbaikan dalam materi pelatihan dan jadwal pelaksanaan berdasarkan umpan balik peserta. Program pelatihan bahasa berbasis VR menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa, daya saing, dan upaya internasionalisasi UMKM
Feature Extraction Evaluation of Various Machine Learning Methods for Finger Movement Classification using Double Myo Armband
Get PDFThe deployment of electromyography (EMG) signals attracts many researchers since it can be used in decoding finger movements for exoskeleton robotics, prosthetics hand, and powered wheelchair. However, decoding any movement is a challenging task. The success of EMG signals' use lies in the appropriate choice of feature extraction and classification model, especially in the feature extraction process. Therefore, this study evaluates an eight-feature extraction evaluation on various machine learnings such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA). The dataset from four intact subjects is used to classify twelve finger movements. Through 5 cross-validations, the result shows that almost all feature extractions combined with SVM outperform other combinations of features and classifiers. Mean Absolute Value (MAV) as a feature and SVM as a classifier highlight the best combination with an accuracy of 94.01%
Lessons Learned in Interfacial Tension Prediction Using a Mixture of Sulfonate- and Ethoxylate-based Surfactants in a Waxy Oil-brine System
Get PDFThe chemical-enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) method is applied to change reservoir rock or fluid characteristics by injecting alkaline, surfactant, and polymer or a combination of two or three of the compounds. Surfactant flooding improves oil recovery by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water. Selecting reservoir surfactants, especially microemulsions, requires careful screening. This study predicted waxy oil system interfacial tension using surfactant mixtures at below- and above-optimum salinity. To predict the interfacial tension, microemulsion types, HLB, ideal salinity, and HLD were used. The study predicted oil-surfactant-water interfacial tension using SAE, FEO, and their mixtures. We improved the Huh equation by adding a fitting parameter, β, to accommodate the transition from type III to type II microemulsions as salinity increases. With increasing salinity, anionic surfactant’s hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions change, affecting the values and surfactant layer thickness. This study improved hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLDN) by establishing a fixed interval for nonionic surfactants. Van der Waals attraction, values and interface surfactant layer thickness are connected, reflecting the fact that lower values reduce interfacial tension better. This study also found that surfactant packing at the oil-water interface increases the order of the oil-solution ratio and the microemulsion values with polarity
Tourism for Peace and Community Engagement: A Soft Power Approach to Conflict Resolution
Get PDFThe study analyses the soft power approach to conflict resolution using tourism and community involvement initiatives. This study investigates the impact of Peace through Tourism (PTT) and Community participation (CP) on Conflict resolution (CR) in Border destinations of Jammu and Kashmir (UT) in order to explore the possibilities of promoting just, peaceful, and inclusive societies, as articulated by Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16). Using community involvement and tourism as a means to greatly minimise conflict of all kinds as the main objective, about 340 residents of border towns were polled with questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to test and validate the study's assumptions about the relationships between variables. Current research findings suggest that peace through tourism plays a key role in resolving conflict at destinations and may play a supportive role in building peace on a global and local scale. The results also showed that community participation in tourism development has a big effect on resolving conflicts and that community participation lets locals enjoy the benefits of tourism activities and gives them the power to improve their skills through small business ventures. The paper gives suggestions for how different groups can help build peace through cooperative tourism projects and community interaction based on tourism