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AI applied to the Scientific Method in Physical Sciences
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the physical sciences by significantly improving the scientificmethod through the automation and optimization of complex processes In data collection, neural ne-tworks and machine learning algorithms make it possible to analyze large volumes of information withunprecedented speed. In fields such as particle physics, advanced AI techniques are used to identifypatterns and anomalies in data generated by experiments at particle colliders, such as the Large Ha-dron Collider (Carleo et al., 2019). Simulation is another field where AI has shown a notable impact.Simulation tools based on AI models allow virtual experiments to be performed with increasing accura-cy In materials physics, for example, AI has made it possible to predict properties of new compoundsbefore synthesizing them, saving time and resources (Schmidt et al , 2019) Furthermore, AI is beingemployed in quantum mechanics, where quantum neural networks facilitate the modelling of many-body systems, improving our understanding of complex quantum phenomena (Carleo & Troyer, 2017)In astronomy, AI has been used for image analysis, enabling the detection of exoplanets and the identi-fication of previously hidden cosmic phenomena in vast data sets (McGovern et al., 2021). These appli-cations not only speed up data analysis, but also allow for more accurate predictions and the discoveryof patterns that would be impossible to detect manually. Despite its benefits, the integration of AI intothe physical sciences presents challenges It is crucial to ensure that algorithms are interpretable andverifiable, so that scientific results can be validated by the community. Furthermore, ethical limitationsand the need for regulation in the use of AI in scientific research are areas of growing concern (Nature,2023). In short, AI is redefining how research is conducted in the physical sciences, accelerating disco-veries and optimizing the efficiency of the scientific method.La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) está transformando las ciencias físicas al mejorar significativamente elmétodo científico mediante la automatización y optimización de procesos complejos. En la recolecciónde datos, las redes neuronales y los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático permiten analizar grandesvolúmenes de información con una rapidez sin precedentes En campos como la física de partículas,se utilizan técnicas avanzadas de IA para identificar patrones y anomalías en los datos generados porexperimentos en colisionadores de partículas, como el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (Carleo et al ,2019) La simulación es otro campo donde la IA ha mostrado un impacto notable Herramientas desimulación basadas en modelos de IA permiten realizar experimentos virtuales con una precisión cadavez mayor En la física de materiales, por ejemplo, la IA ha permitido predecir propiedades de nuevoscompuestos antes de sintetizarlos, lo que ahorra tiempo y recursos (Schmidt et al , 2019) Además, laIA está siendo empleada en la mecánica cuántica, donde las redes neuronales cuánticas facilitan elmodelado de sistemas de muchos cuerpos, mejorando nuestra comprensión de fenómenos cuánticoscomplejos (Carleo & Troyer, 2017) En astronomía, la IA se ha usado para el análisis de imágenes, per-mitiendo la detección de exoplanetas y la identificación de fenómenos cósmicos previamente ocultosen vastos conjuntos de datos (McGovern et al , 2021) Estas aplicaciones no solo agilizan el análisis dedatos, sino que también permiten realizar predicciones más precisas y descubrir patrones que seríanimposibles de detectar manualmente. Pese a sus beneficios, la integración de la IA en las cienciasfísicas presenta desafíos. Es crucial garantizar que los algoritmos sean interpretables y verificables,para que los resultados científicos puedan ser validados por la comunidad. Además, las limitacioneséticas y la necesidad de regulación en el uso de IA en investigación científica son áreas de crecientepreocupación (Nature, 2023). En resumen, la IA está redefiniendo cómo se lleva a cabo la investiga-ción en ciencias físicas, acelerando descubrimientos y optimizando la eficiencia del método científico
Domiciano y Tritium Magallum: nueva interpretación de una banda epigráfica en un cuenco de terra sigillata de La Cereceda (Tricio, La Rioja)
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to propose a new interpretation of the circular epigraphic band that appears on a fragment of Spanish terra sigillata vase from La Cereceda pottery center (Arenzana de Arriba, La Rioja). We understand that the term forma must be interpreted as an element of the ex forma legal formula, which means «according to decree, law or regulation». From here on we suggest the following epigraphic reconstruction: [--- ex] forma [ab I]mperatore Caesare Domitiano [Augusto data/iussa ---]. The conserved text takes up approximately a third of the original inscription and the specific object regulated by Domitian would have been detailed in the missing part. In any case, it would have had to do with some legal fact of great interest to Tritium Magallum. This vase is related to another one found in Segóbriga, whose inscription could be reconstructed in the same way; both of them having the epigraphic bands of the Verdullus vases as a direct antecedent, which commemorated important events in the municipium of Calagurris. On the other hand, we contextualize this finding in relation to other vases produced in La Cereceda, which are decorated with busts of members of the Flavian Dynasty. In these vases the presence of Domitian is significant. Both the ones with an intra-decorative inscription and those that carry imperial effigies of this dynasty would have stemmed from a local initiative and were fashioned to commemorate and acknowledge the Domitian’s provision in favour of Tritium Magallum. In our opinion, it would be concerned with the promotion of this local community to municipium. Although tritium might have received a provisional regulation under Vespasian, it would have formalized its status of municipium under Domitian. This is what the non-preserved part of La Cereceda vase would have referred to.El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una nueva interpretación de la banda epigráfica circular que aparece en un fragmento de cuenco de terra sigillata hispánica procedente del centro alfarero de La Cereceda (Arenzana de Arriba, La Rioja). Entendemos que el término forma ha de interpretarse como elemento de la fórmula jurídica ex forma, que significa según decreto, ley o disposición. A partir de aquí proponemos la lectura: [--- ex] forma [ab I]mperatore Caesare Domitiano [Augusto data/iussa ---]. El texto conservado es un tercio aproximado de la inscripción originaria y en la parte que falta se detallaría el objeto concreto regulado por Domiciano; en todo caso, algún hecho jurídico de gran interés para Tritium Magallum. Se relaciona este cuenco con un ejemplar hallado en Segóbriga, cuya inscripción se podría reconstruir en el mismo sentido, teniendo ambos como antecedente directo las bandas epigráficas de Verdullus, que conmemoran importantes eventos del municipio de Calagurris. Por otra parte, contextualizamos este hallazgo en relación con otros cuencos producidos en La Cereceda, con bustos en relieve de miembros de la domus Flavia, en los que mayoritariamente aparece Domiciano. Tanto el cuenco con inscripción intradecorativa como los que portan efigies imperiales de esta dinastía parten de una iniciativa local y surgen como reconocimiento a lo dispuesto por Domiciano en favor de Tritium Magallum. En nuestra opinión, se trataría de la promoción de este enclave a municipio. Si bien bajo Vespasiano pudo haber recibido una regulación provisional, sería bajo Domiciano cuando Tritium formalizó de manera estable su estatuto municipal. A esto haría referencia la parte no conservada del cuenco de La Cereceda
El sistema portuario de Gades y su área de influencia: aproximación a la organización fiscal y comercial en época romana a partir del poblamiento costero
Get PDFEl avance del conocimiento del ámbito costero bético está definiendo un panorama heterogéneo y variable generado a partir de la implantación del modelo productivo, comercial y fiscal romano. Las políticas territoriales y la inclusión de la península en las redes mercantiles trajeron consigo un profundo cambio en los modelos de explotación de los recursos naturales. El nuevo sistema se sustentó en una jerarquización del territorio y la creación de una estructura portuaria con los principales núcleos urbanos a la cabeza (Gades, Baelo Claudia, Iulia Traducta, Carteia, etc.), generándose en torno a éstos un poblamiento especializado en la producción y dependiente de los primeros. Los sucesivos estudios parecen apuntar a una serie de diferencias territoriales que permiten definir distintas áreas o distritos portuarios con características poblacionales y evolutivas propias. En el caso del área del Estrecho de Gibraltar, la preponderancia tradicional de Gadir como referente comercial en las rutas atlánticas marcará en buena medida el desarrollo de toda su área de influencia durante el periodo romano. En este sentido, los enclaves costeros identificados en la actual provincia gaditana presentan unas características en cuanto a su desarrollo, patrones y ritmos de ocupación y producción que la diferencian de otras áreas béticas como pueden ser la actual costa onubense y malagueña, propiciando la identificación del litoral gaditano como un área o distrito portuario.The advance of knowledge of the Betic coastal area is defining a heterogeneous and variable panorama generated from the implementation of the roman productive, commercial and fiscal model. Territorial policies and the inclusion of the Iberian Peninsula in the mercantile networks brought with them a profound change in the models of production and exploitation of natural resources. The new system was based on a hierarchical structuring of the territory and the creation of a port structure with the main urban centres at the head (Gades, Baelo Claudia, Iulia Traducta, Carteia, etc.), generating around them a population specialised in production and dependent on the former. Successive studies seem to point to a series of territorial differences that make it possible to define different port areas or districts with their own population and evolutionary characteristics. In the case of the area of the Strait of Gibraltar, the traditional preponderance of Gadir as a commercial reference point on the Atlantic routes will largely mark the development of its entire area of influence throughout the Roman period. In this sense, the coastal enclaves identified in the current province of Cádiz have certain characteristics in terms of their development, patterns and rhythms of occupation and production that differentiate them from other Betic areas such as the current coasts of Huelva and Malaga, leading to the identification of the coast of Cádiz as a port area or district
One Health bottom-up analysis of the dissemination pathways concerning critical priority carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from storks and beyond
No full textBACKGROUND: 'One Health' initiatives to tackle the rising risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have flourished due to increasing detection of Enterobacterales producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases (CPs). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to conduct an in-depth holistic analysis of Escherichia coli (Ec) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) isolates recovered from landfill-foraging white stork faecal samples and clinical isolates from a nearby hospital. METHODS: Faecal samples (n = 211) were collected from storks foraging at two landfills in Spain. Ec/Kp stork isolates were recovered on selective media and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), together with isolates obtained from the nearby hospital. These genomic data were compared with public genomes from different contexts (clinical, environmental, or animal hubs) to understand global transmission dynamics. RESULTS: A wide range of blaESBL/blapAmpC (blaCTX-M/blaSHV-12/blaDHA) were detected in 71 stork samples (33.6%), while blaCP (blaKPC/blaNDM/blaOXA-48/blaVIM) were identified in 28 (13.3%) samples. Clonal and plasmid transmissions were evidenced inside and between both landfills. Mapping against 10 624 public Ec/Kp genomes and from those of nearby hospital revealed that identical strains (<10 allelic differences with Ec-ST38/ST131 and Kp-ST512 lineages) and epidemic plasmids (full identity/coverage with IncN/blaKPC-2, IncF/blaKPC-3, IncX3/blaNDM-7, IncL/blaOXA-48) were found from clinical isolates in countries located along the storks' migration routes. CONCLUSIONS: Storks may be contaminated by bacterial isolates from a likely human origin and become non-human reservoirs of critical genes, which can be dispersed over long distances. Identifying strains/plasmids along the stork's routes that are identical or closely related to those described here opens new perspectives for large-scale research to understand the AMR transmission dynamics
Intelligent Sensor Software for Robust and Energy-Sustainable Decision-Making in Welding of Steel Reinforcement for Concrete
Get PDFChemical Lasers Based on Polyatomic Reaction Dynamics: Research of Vibrational Excitation in a Reactive
Get PDFThe research presented by the author investigates a polyatomic reaction occurring in the gas phase. This study employs the Quasi-Classical Trajectory (QCT) approach using the Wu–Schatz–Lendvay–Fang–Harding (WSLFH) potential energy surface (PES), recognized as one of the most reliable PES models for this type of analysis. The substantial sample size enables the derivation of detailed results that corroborate previous findings while also identifying potential objectives for future experimental work. The Gaussian Binning (GB) technique is utilized to more effectively highlight the variation in the total angular momentum (J′) of the excited product molecule, HOD*. A key aim of the study is to explore the reaction dynamics due to their importance in excitation and emission processes, which may contribute to the development of a chemical laser based on this reaction. Increasing the vibrational level, v, of one reactant, D2, significantly enhances the excitation of HOD* and shifts the P(J′) distributions towards higher J′ values, while also broadening the distribution. Although the current research focuses on a few initial conditions, the author plans to extend the study to encompass a wider range of initial conditions within the reaction chamber of this type of chemical laser
Network Structure of Transdiagnostic Dimensions of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents With Subthreshold Anxiety and Depression: Links With Psychopathology and Socio-Emotional Adjustment
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