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Interplay between bacterial clones and plasmids in the spread of blaSHV-12- and blaCTX-M-14-carrying Escherichia coli from the livestock environment
Get PDFMediating Effect of Infant Rapid Weight Gain on the Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Risk of Obesity Later in Life
Get PDFAssessing Nutrient Dynamics in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Maturana Blanca: The Role of Training System and Irrigation Strategy
Get PDFGlobal climate change presents significant challenges to viticulture, particularly regarding water availability and nutrient management. This study delves into the combined effects of vertical cordon (VC) and gobelet (G) training systems, alongside deficit irrigation (DI) and rainfed (R) regimes, on the physiology, nutrient dynamics, and productivity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Maturana Blanca. The research uncovers that VC training increases vegetative growth and yield through enhanced light exposure and bud load, but careful nutrient management is required to address reduced phosphorus, iron, and zinc levels. DI effectively mitigates water stress, enhances intrinsic and instantaneous water use efficiency, and impacts nutrient uptake, notably increasing calcium and manganese levels while reducing nitrogen. Leaf blade and petiole analyses demonstrated complementary roles in understanding nutrient transport and physiological responses, with petioles reflecting short-term changes and leaf blades capturing long-term trends. The findings underscore the potential of combining VC training and DI to optimize vineyard resilience and productivity under climate stress while maintaining a balanced vegetative and reproductive growth ratio essential for high-quality grape production
Methods Towards Improving Safeness in Responses of a Spanish Suicide Information Chatbot
Get PDFLos chatbots tienen un gran potencial para proporcionar información valiosa en campos sensibles como la salud mental. Sin embargo, garantizar la fiabilidad y la seguridad de estos sistemas es fundamental y representa un paso crucial antes del despliegue de los chatbots. En este articulo, presentamos nuestro trabajo orientado a mejorar la seguridad de un chatbot en español basado en el modelo Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) y diseñado para ofrecer información sobre el suicidio. A través de un proceso de validación en múltiples etapas, identificamos y clasificamos las respuestas inseguras del chatbot utilizando modelos de clasificación de red-teaming y mediante una validación manual por parte de expertos. Este proceso nos permitió descubrir varias fuentes de respuestas inseguras y aplicar estrategias especificas para mitigarlas. Como resultado, menos del 1h de las preguntas formuladas por los usuarios y menos del 5h de las preguntas de red-teaming fueron clasificadas como inseguras. Las acciones propuestas se centraron en mejorar los componentes clave del chatbot (incluyendo la base de datos de documentos, el diseño del prompt y el modelo de lenguaje) y pueden extrapolarse para mejorar la seguridad de otros chatbots similares basados en RAG. Advertencia: Este documento contiene contenidos que pueden resultar molestos.Chatbots hold great potential for providing valuable information in sensitive fields such as mental health. However, ensuring the reliability and safety of these systems is essential and represents a crucial first step before the deployment of those chatbots. In this paper, we report our work aimed at enhancing the safeness of a Spanish suicide information chatbot based on Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Namely, after a multi-stage validation process, we identified and classified unsafe answers of the chatbot by applying red-teaming classification models and manual validation by experts. This process allowed us to uncover several sources of unsafe responses, and to implement targeted mitigation strategies. As a result, fewer than 1h user-generated questions and fewer than 5h of red-teaming questions were classified by experts as unsafe. Our proposed actions focused on improving the chatbot's key components — including the document database, prompt engineering, and the underlying large language model — and can be extrapolated to enhance the safety of similar RAG-based chatbots
The mediating effect of job satisfaction between inclusive leadership and commitment to change: evidence from Brazil and Spain
Get PDF研究目的
在目前改革的環境裡,若要培育僱員負起改革的承諾,領導者的素質和能力是甚為重要的。本研究擬探討並分析包容性領導與改革承諾之間的關係,以及工作滿足感在包容性領導與改革承諾之間的中介效應。
研究設計/方法/理念
研究人員透過問卷、訪問了256名來自巴西和西班牙的僱員。各假設均以結構方程式來進行測試。
研究結果
研究結果顯示、包容性領導與個別員工的改革承諾是有關聯的; 另外,工作滿足感是會於領導與員工的改革承諾之間起中介效應。
研究的原創性/價值
本研究在關於組織變革行為與兩個關鍵內容 (分別為領導和改革承諾) 之間的關係的學術文獻上作出了貢獻。研究亦指出、工作滿足感在領導與改革承諾之間所扮演的角色。再者,本研究把國家的文化這個變數納入研究的分析模型內; 唯研究結果顯示、國家的文化在統計學上不成立。Purpose
In the current context of change, leadership is significant in developing employees' commitment to change. In this work, the authors analysed the relationship between inclusive leadership and commitment to change and the mediating effect of job satisfaction between inclusive leadership and commitment to change.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a questionnaire, 256 employees from Brazil and Spain were interviewed. The hypotheses were tested through structural equations.
Findings
The results indicated that inclusive leadership is related to individuals' commitment to change and that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between leadership and commitment to change.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature on organisational change behaviour and the relationship between two critical contents – leadership and commitment to change – and points out the role of job satisfaction in this relationship. In addition, this work incorporates the variable country culture into the analysis model; however, it is not found to be statistically significant
Boys and girls can play: efficacy of a counter-stereotypical intervention based on narratives in young children
Get PDFDevelopment of human targeted extracellular vesicles loaded with shRNA minicircles to prevent parkinsonian pathology
Get PDFContextualización y viabilidad para la institucionalización del ApS en Educación Superior: El caso de la Universidad de la Rioja
Get PDFMicroRNAs en tejido de cordón umbilical y su relación con el peso al nacimiento
No full textIntrauterine growth is a multifactorial process resulting from the interaction between the mother, placenta, fetus, and environmental factors. Birth weight is a key indicator of perinatal health, associated with both short- and long-term complications. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs), essential epigenetic regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, may play a crucial role in birth weight alterations. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between miRNA expression in umbilical cord tissue and birth weight. The study included 68 newborns classified into three groups: small for gestational age (SGA, n=10), large for gestational age (LGA, n=28), and controls with appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA, n=30). Umbilical cord tissue samples were collected immediately after delivery, frozen, and subsequently analyzed through massive sequencing and bioinformatics. The analysis identified significant differences in the expression of 41 miRNAs across the groups. SGA newborns showed overexpression of miR-9-3p and miR-324-3p and underexpression of miR-1307-3p compared to AGA controls. In the LGA group, decreased expression of miR-99b-3p, miR-101-3p, miR-125a-3p, among others, and increased expression of miR-455-3p and miR-574-3p were observed. Direct comparison between SGA and LGA groups revealed dysregulation of miRNAs such as miR-324-3p, miR-6750-5p, miR-3919, and miR-5009-3p. These miRNAs are associated with metabolic pathways involved in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that differential miRNA expression in umbilical cord tissue is linked to birth weight. The findings suggest that epigenetic alterations from the neonatal period may predispose individuals to the development of chronic metabolic diseases later in life.El crecimiento intrauterino es un proceso multifactorial que depende de la interacción entre la madre, la placenta, el feto y factores ambientales. El peso al nacimiento es un indicador clave de la salud perinatal, asociado con complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. En este contexto, los microRNAs (miRNAs), componentes epigenéticos esenciales en la regulación génica postranscripcional, podrían desempeñar un papel relevante en las alteraciones del peso al nacimiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la expresión de miRNAs en tejido de cordón umbilical y el peso al nacimiento. Se incluyeron 68 recién nacidos clasificados en tres grupos: pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG, n=10), grandes para la edad gestacional (GEG, n=28) y controles con peso adecuado para la edad gestacional (AEG, n=30). Las muestras de tejido de cordón umbilical se recogieron tras el parto, se almacenaron congeladas y fueron analizadas mediante secuenciación masiva y bioinformática. El análisis identificó diferencias significativas en 41 miRNAs entre los grupos. Los neonatos PEG mostraron sobreexpresión de miR-9-3p y miR-324-3p e infraexpresión de miR-1307-3p en comparación con los controles AEG. En los GEG, se encontró una disminución de miR-99b-3p, miR-101-3p, miR-125a-3p, entre otros, y un aumento de miR-455-3p y miR-574-3p. La comparación directa entre PEG y GEG evidenció desregulación de miRNAs como miR-324-3p, miR-6750-5p, miR-3919 y miR-5009-3p. Estos miRNAs están asociados con rutas metabólicas implicadas en la resistencia a la insulina y la diabetes mellitus. En conclusión, este trabajo muestra que la expresión diferencial de miRNAs en el tejido de cordón umbilical está vinculada al peso al nacimiento. Los hallazgos sugieren que alteraciones epigenéticas desde el periodo neonatal podrían predisponer al desarrollo de enfermedades metabólicas crónicas en la vida adulta
Evaluation of Deviations Produced by Soft Tissue Fitting in Virtually Planned Orthognathic Surgery
Get PDFOrthognathic surgery (OS) is a complex procedure commonly used to treat dentofacial deformities (DFDs). These conditions, related to jaw position or size and often involving malocclusion, affect approximately 15% of the population. Due to the complexity of OS, accurate planning is essential. Digital assessment using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) tools enhances surgical predictability. However, limitations in soft tissue simulation often require surgeon input to optimize aesthetic results and minimize surgical impact. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of virtual surgery planning (VSP) by analyzing the relationship between planning deviations and surgical satisfaction. A single-center, retrospective study was conducted on 16 patients who underwent OS at San Pedro University Hospital of La Rioja. VSP was based on CT scans using Dolphin Imaging software (v12.0, Patterson Dental, St. Paul, MN, USA) and surgeries were guided by VSP-designed occlusal splints. Outcomes were assessed using the Orthognathic Quality of Life (OQOL) questionnaire and deviations were measured through pre- and postoperative imaging. The results showed high satisfaction scores and good overall outcomes, despite moderate deviations from the virtual plan in many cases, particularly among Class II patients. A total of 63% of patients required VSP modifications due to poor soft tissue fitting, with 72% of these being Class II DFDs. Most deviations involved less maxillary advancement than planned, while maintaining optimal occlusion. This suggests that VSP may overestimate advancement needs, especially in Class II cases. No significant differences in satisfaction were observed between patients with low (2 mm) deviations. These findings support the use of VSP as a valuable planning tool for OS. However, surgeon experience remains essential, especially in managing soft tissue behavior. Improvements in soft tissue prediction are needed to enhance accuracy, particularly for Class II DFDs