Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Pratiques artistiques et plurilinguisme. L’art comme levier de décentrement ?
No full textInternational audienc
Embodied Identities in Megalithic Funerary Spaces: Revisiting the Aveyron Dolmens through Archaeo-Anthropology and Palaeogenomics
No full textInternational audienceThe LINK project explores the functioning of human communities between the Atlantic and Mediterranean seaboards during the Neolithic and Bronze Age, using an approach combining archaeological, anthropological and palaeogenomic studies. This work not only sheds light on burial practices and population dynamics but also demonstrates the scientific potential of re-evaluating underutilized and poorly documented museum collections With more than 800 dolmens, the Aveyron region in France has one of the highest geographical concentrations of megalithic monuments in Europe. This density makes the region an ideal laboratory for studying the potential interactions among contemporary funerary monuments. However, these archaeological and anthropological collections, originating from early excavations, suffer from incomplete documentation and out-dated study. In collaboration with curators from the Musée Fenaille (Rodez, Aveyron), we reassessed osteological remains from twelve dolmens and two sepulchral caves. Genomic data from 80 individuals revealed remarkable DNA preservation, despite the collections' complex histories. Archaeoanthropological studies highlighted different uses of these monuments, notably linking burial space management and the number of individuals deposited. Palaeogenomic results further clarified funerary practices, occupation dynamics and highlighted links between sites giving unprecedented insights into the social organization of these communities. By bridging funerary archaeo-anthropology and palaeogenomics, this research revitalizes overlooked museum collections, reaffirming their scientific and cultural significance. Beyond the production of new knowledge, it underscores the essential role of curatorial collaborations in preserving and reinterpreting these assemblages, fostering new connections between past identities, heritage, and contemporary audiences
Les jeux identificatoires ou le vice triomphant dans Les Liaisons dangereuses
No full textInternational audienceIs Laclos' work moral? What about the reader's identification with the libertine characters in Les Liaisons dangereuses? Between accusations of monstrosity and recognition of a sublime style, critics have opened the way to a reading based on ambivalence, a reading that is still the subject of debate since the opposition between Rousset and Diderot. We'll be looking at the positioning of the characters, who all seem to ultimately suffer the weight of mixed virtue and vice, all the more keenly for the libertines as they act as the author, provoking a natural complicity between libertine characters, author and actual reader. Laclos's structural and temporal choices seem to coincide with this desire to make vice pleasurable by playing on both the effects of surprise and the reader's identification.L’œuvre de Laclos est-elle morale ? Qu’en est-il de l’identification du lecteur aux personnages delibertins dans Les Liaisons dangereuses ? Entre accusation de monstruosité et reconnaissance d’unstyle sublime, la critique a ouvert la voie d’une lecture fondée sur l’ambivalence ; lecture qui faitencore débat depuis l’opposition entre Rousset et Diderot. Nous nous intéresserons aupositionnement des personnages qui tous semblent subir le poids de la vertu et du vice mêlés,d’autant plus vivement pour les libertins qu’ils font office d’auteur, provoquant alors une complicitébien naturelle entre personnages de libertins, auteur et lecteur réel. Or, les choix structurels ettemporels de Laclos semblent coïncider avec cette volonté de rendre plaisant le vice en jouant tantdes effets de surprise que de l’identification du lecteur
Un programme d’accompagnement thérapeutique de la personne âgée vers l’entrée en EHPAD : protocole à cas unique
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Positively not SOS: pseudo-moments and extreme rays in exact arithmetic
No full textA polynomial that is a sum of squares (SOS) of other polynomials is evidently positive. The converse is not true, there are positive polynomials which are not SOS. This note focuses on the problem of certifying, in exact arithmetic, that a given positive polynomial is not SOS. Using convex duality, this can be achieved by constructing a separating linear functional called a pseudo-moment certificate. We present constructive procedures to compute such certificates with rational coefficients for several famous forms (homogeneous polynomials) that are known to be positive but not SOS. Our method leverages polynomial symmetries to reduce the problem size and provides explicit integer-based formulas for generating these rational certificates. As a by-product, we can also generate extreme rays of the pseudomoment cone in exact arithmetic
Mapping Soil Moisture Using Drones: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textInternational audienceDroughts are becoming more frequent, severe, and impactful across the globe. Agroecosystems, which are human-made ecosystems with high water demand that provide essential ecosystem services, are vulnerable to extreme droughts. Although water use efficiency in agriculture has increased in rec ent decades, drought management should be based on long-term, proactive strategies rather than crisis management. The AgrHyS network of sites in French Brittany collects high-resolution soil moisture data from agronomic stations and catchments to improve understanding of temporal soil moisture dynamics and enhance water use efficiency. Frequent mapping of soil moisture and plant water stress is crucial for assessing water stress risk in the context of global warming. Although satellite remote sensing provides reliable, periodic global data on surface soil moisture, it does so at a very coarse spatial resolution. The intrinsic spatial heterogeneity of surface soil moisture requires a higher spatial resolution in order to address upcoming challenges on a local scale. Drones are an excellent tool for upscaling point measurements to catchment level using different onboard cameras. In this study, we evaluated the potential of multispectral images, thermal images and LiDAR data captured in several concurrent drone flights for high-resolution mapping of soil moisture spatial variability, using in situ point measurements of soil water content and plant water stress in both agricultural areas and natural ecosystems. Statistical models were fitted to map soil water content in two areas: a natural marshland and a grassland-covered agricultural field. Our results demonstrate the statistical significance of topography, land surface temperature and red band reflectance in the natural area for retrieving soil water content. In contrast, the grasslands were best predicted by the transformed normalised difference vegetation index (TNDVI)
<i>Euclid</i>: the potential of slitless infrared spectroscopy: a <i>z</i> = 5.4 quasar and new ultracool dwarfs
No full textInternational audienceWe demonstrate the potential of Euclid ’s slitless spectroscopy to discover high-redshift (z > 5) quasars and their mainphotometric contaminant, ultracool dwarfs. Sensitive infrared spectroscopy from space is able to efficiently identify bothpopulations, as demonstrated by Euclid Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer Red Grism (NISP RGE ) spectra of thenewly discovered z = 5.404 quasar EUCL J181530.01+652054.0, as well as several ultracool dwarfs in the Euclid Deep FieldNorth and the Euclid Early Release Observation field Abell 2764. The ultracool dwarfs were identified by cross-correlatingtheir spectra with templates. The quasar was identified by its strong and broad C III ] and Mg II emission lines in the NISPRGE 1206–1892 nm spectrum, and confirmed through optical spectroscopy from the Large Binocular Telescope. The NISPBlue Grism (NISP BGE ) 926–1366 nm spectrum confirms C IV and C III ] emission. NISP RGE can find bright quasars atz ≈ 5.5 and z 7, redshift ranges that are challenging for photometric selection due to contamination from ultracool dwarfs.EUCL J181530.01+652054.0 is a high-excitation, broad absorption line quasar detected at 144 MHz by the LOw-FrequencyArray (L144 = 4.0 × 1025 W Hz−1 ). The quasar has a bolometric luminosity of 3 × 1012 L and is powered by a 3.4 × 109 Mblack hole. The discovery of this bright quasar is noteworthy as fewer than one such object was expected in the ≈20 deg2 surveyed.This finding highlights the potential and effectiveness of NISP spectroscopy in identifying rare, luminous high-redshift quasars,previewing the census of these sources that Euclid’s slitless spectroscopy will deliver over about 14 000 deg2 of the sk
L'Histoire de la Préhistoire du Cambodge : du site lacustre de Samrong Sen à la grotte de Laang Spean
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Guide méthodologique. Projet GENgiBRe
No full textField research and its methodology are at the heart of the GENgiBRe project's knowledge construction and socialisation objectives. The Methodological Guide therefore constitutes an essential outcome of our project, which reflects our "research-action" approach and our feminist epistemology. The development of this Guide was based on important instruments already proven in the field of feminism and agroecology, such as the Sociobiodiversity Map, the River of Life, the Feminist Social Cartography and the Body-Territory, which were adjusted for the objectives of our project and completed by new instruments. Through this publication, we wish to continue this collective construction, making our Methodological Guide available to communities of researchers with converging interests.La recherche sur le terrain et sa méthodologie sont au cœur des objectifs de construction et de socialisation des connaissances du projet GENgiBRe. Le guide méthodologique constitue donc un aboutissement essentiel de notre projet, qui reflète notre approche "recherche-action" et notre épistémologie féministe. L'élaboration de ce guide est basée sur des instruments importants déjà éprouvés dans le domaine du féminisme et de l'agroécologie, tels que la carte de la sociobiodiversité, le fleuve de la vie, la cartographie sociale féministe et le corps-territoire, qui ont été adaptés aux objectifs de notre projet et complétés par de nouveaux instruments. A travers cette publication, nous souhaitons poursuivre cette construction collective, en mettant notre Guide méthodologique à la disposition de communautés de chercheur-e-s aux intérêts convergents.A pesquisa de campo e sua metodologia estão no centro dos objetivos de construção e socialização do conhecimento do projeto GENgiBRe. O Guia metodológico, portanto, constitui um resultado essencial do nosso projeto, que reflete nossa abordagem de “pesquisação” e nossa epistemologia feminista. O desenvolvimento deste Guia foi baseado em instrumentos importantes já provados no campo do feminismo e da agroecologia, como o Mapa da Sociobiodiversidade, o Rio da Vida, a Cartografia Social Feminista e o Corpo-Território, que foram ajustados para os objetivos do nosso projeto e completados por novos instrumentos. Através desta publicação, desejamos continuar esta construção coletiva, disponibilizando nosso Guia Metodológico para comunidades de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores com interesses convergentes
Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia
No full textInternational audienceBackground Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) may influence the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, prior studies have focused on specific pairs of NDDs and variants of AD/FTD. Adopting a dimensional approach to NDDs and considering the heterogeneity of AD/FTD, we investigated the association between a neurodevelopmental vulnerability (DV) and the clinical presentation and age at onset of AD/FTD. Methods We prospectively and consecutively recruited 84 AD/FTD participants and 41 matched controls. AD/FTD participants were classified into typical (amnestic AD, behavioral FTD) and atypical (primary progressive aphasia, frontal and posterior variants of AD, right temporal variant of FTD, amnestic FTD) presentations. Participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment and answered a novel questionnaire on NDDs symptoms. Using k‐means clustering based on the questionnaire, participants were assigned to a DV+ (with neurodevelopmental vulnerability) or a DV− (without) cluster. This data‐driven approach enabled an unbiased classification of individuals with a DV, beyond traditional diagnostic labels. Results DV frequencies did not differ between the AD/FTD (18%) and control (15%) χ 2 = 0.205; p = 0.651); and between typical (21%) and atypical (11%) subgroups (Fisher's test, p = 0.184). However, in DV+ patients, symptom onset occurred 8.0 years earlier than in DV− patients (95% CI [−14, −3.0]; p = 0.005), with a median onset age of 58 years (IQR: 15). Conclusions A DV could favor early‐onset AD/FTD, but may not affect susceptibility to typical and atypical variants of AD/FTD. The underlying neurophysiological processes involved require future investigation, with implications for precision medicine and individualized treatment strategies. Study Registration Numbers RnIPH 2023‐71 and Research Ethics Committee file No. 2023_765