Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Détection d'anomalies dans la télémesure satellite basée sur la fonction de Christoffel
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Prendre en charge la douleur : une voie de légitimation pour les pratiques médicales de l'acupuncture en France ?
No full textInternational audienceThis brief article aims to recall the phases of the socio-historical process of introducing acupuncture into hospitals and its connection with a struggling pain medicine. After presenting briefly this socio-historical framework of acupuncture institutionalization (and not of Chinese medicine as a whole), we examine, through the trajectories of three acupuncturists currently addressing pain in hospitals, how personal trajectories and local opportunities lead to the introduction of these practices into hospitals. We thus demonstrate the opportunistic, limited, and constrained nature of this hospital exercise. This allows us to conclude that while pain holds a significant place in the institutionalization of acupuncture medical practices in French hospital settings, it is primarily addressed in private practices by professionals who may not always hold medical titles and who have a broader recourse to Chinese medical theory and its various methods, currently not recognized by French medical regulations.Ce court article vise à rappeler les phases du processus socio-historique d'introduction de l'acupuncture à l'hôpital et ses liens avec une médecine de la douleur qui peine à faire sa place. Après avoir présenté brièvement ce cadre socio-historique d'institutionnalisation de l'acupuncture (et non de la médecine chinoise dans son ensemble), nous examinons, à travers trois trajectoires d'acupunctrices intervenant de nos jours sur des douleurs à l'hôpital, comment des trajectoires personnelles et des opportunités locales mènent à l'introduction de ces pratiques à l'hôpital. Nous montrons ainsi le caractère opportuniste, limité et contraint de cet exercice hospitalier. Cela nous permet de conclure que si la question la douleur tient une place importante dans l'institutionnalisation des pratiques médicales de l'acupuncture dans les espaces hospitaliers français, elle est surtout traitée dans les cabinets privés, par des professionnels n'ayant pas toujours le titre de médecin et ayant un recours plus large à la théorie médicale chinoise et à ses différentes méthodes, actuellement non reconnues par la réglementation médicale française
La Fabrique des Jumeaux Numériques: verrous scientifiques, technologiques et perspectives du programme EDT
No full textNational audienceThe current transition from traditional physical systems to software-driven ecosystems is profoundly transforming engineering practices and increasing the demand for accessible and scalable technologies. Digital twins (DTs) are emerging as a foundational concept, enabling the separation of high-level decision-making from physical operations while maintaining a close connection to the real system. By combining deductive models from engineering and inductive models derived from data, they provide powerful capabilities for analysis, simulation, prediction, and optimization of systems. Despite this potential, their implementations often remain fragmented, domain-specific, and costly to deploy and maintain. This article synthesizes the scientific and technological challenges associated with digital twin engineering and outlines the objectives of the Engineering Digital Twins (EDT) program, which aims to establish a rigorous and reliable approach to their development, deployment, and operation.La transition des systèmes physiques traditionnels vers des écosystèmes pilotés par logiciel transforme profondément les pratiques d'ingénierie. Les jumeaux numériques (JN) émergent comme un concept structurant permettant de dissocier la prise de décision de haut niveau des opérations physiques tout en maintenant un lien étroit avec le système réel. En combinant des modèles déductifs issus de l'ingénierie et des modèles inductifs dérivés des données, ils offrent des capacités puissantes d'analyse, de simulation, de prédiction et d'optimisation des systèmes. Malgré ce potentiel, leurs implémentations restent souvent fragmentées, spécifiques à un domaine et coûteuses à déployer et à maintenir. Cet article propose une synthèse des verrous scientifiques et technologiques associés à l'ingénierie des jumeaux numériques et présente les objectifs du programme Engineering Digital Twins (EDT), qui vise une approche rigoureuse et fiable de leur développement, de leur déploiement et de leur exploitation
Modeling and analysis of integrated SiRC snubber circuit in SiC power modules
No full textInternational audienceWide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductors such as SiC and GaN devices allow for very fast switching speed, thus improving the overall efficiency and power density of power converters. Among the factors now limiting the switching speed, there is the parasitic inductance of the switching cell induced by power interconnections at packaging level, especially leadframe along with DBC layout and bonding wires. While important, optimizing power connexions reach some limits as long as the switching cell is closed with an external decoupling capacitor. A complementary approach is to integrate a RC snubber circuit directly inside the power module (PM) to shorten at most the switching cell inductive loop. This paper investigates the opportunity to integrate silicon monolithic RC snubber dies (SiRC), fully compatible with existing power modules assembly processes and operation. In this paper, several PM integrating different numbers of SiRC snubber are assembled and tested to assess the advantages on voltage overshoot and oscillations damping. A 3D modelling of the power module's inductive loop is also done to give comprehensive explanations of the remaining voltages overshoots and oscillations, and comment on the added value of such snubbers depending on the RC values.</div
Immersed Isogeometric LaTIn Method for the Efficient Simulation of Composite Microstructures with Multiple Nonlinear Interfaces
No full textInternational audienceComputational micromechanics, aimed at performing numerical simulations at the microscale, is of utmost importance, particularly in the current context of digital twins in the mechanics of materials. This talk presents the development of an immersed isogeometric LaTIn method designed for the efficient and accurate simulation of complex composite microstructures featuring multiple nonlinear interfaces. The first variant of the approach combines IsoGeometric Analysis, for its high accuracy, with an the immersed boundary-conformal strategy that eliminates complex meshing while maintaining conformal matrix/inclusion interfaces through the construction of conformal layers. Nonlinear behaviors are localized at these conformal interfaces and efficiently handled by the LaTIn algorithm, while the non-conformal coupling between subdomains remains in the linear elastic regime and is treated using Nitsche’s method. In the second version of the approach, the conformal layers are removed, offering increased flexibility but requiring additional stabilization of the immersed isogeometric LaTIn formulation. The efficiency and robustness of the framework are demonstrated through several nonlinear 2D benchmark cases, including unilateral contact, frictional contact, and delamination in composite microstructures
Dataset (EBRAINS): MRI and Behavioral Data from a Scene Categorization Task in Patients with Macular Degeneration and Controls (v1)
No full textDataset deposited in the EBRAINS Knowledge GraphThis dataset originates from a study on visual scene categorization in patients with macular degeneration and controls matched for age. It includes structural and functional MRI data acquired during a categorization task with natural scenes filtered in low or high spatial frequencies. Control participants completed the task under an artificial scotoma condition that simulated the central vision loss of patients. Behavioral data are provided in tabular files reporting task performance, including accuracy and response times. Functional data were collected while participants performed the task inside the scanner, and structural data were acquired to support anatomical analyses. All MRI images have been spatially normalized to MNI space using Statistical Parametric Maps (SPM) ([Friston et al., 1994](https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.460020402); [Evans et al., 2012](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024)), and defacing and skull-stripping were applied to remove facial and skull features to ensure anonymization. While the functional data are mainly tailored to the specific categorization task, the structural MRI scans may be reused for investigating anatomical consequences of central vision loss, such as cortical thickness or volumetric analyses.Access: https://doi.org/10.25493/MR1J-T1KRepository: EBRAINS
Efficient Enumeration of Supported Solutions for General Multi-Objective Optimization Problems
No full textReal-life decision problems often involve multiple objectives, such as the integration of environmental cost and fairness concerns in industry. Since these objectives are usually conflicting, multi-objective optimization aims to enumerate all compromises (Pareto-optimal solutions). One standard approach is to transform the problem into a single-objective one through a weighted sum to benefit from the wide range of available solvers and algorithms. The main challenge is the computation of the weight vectors to enumerate all the supported solutions as many vectors can lead to the same solution. For two objectives, a systematic exploration can be done with a dichotomy scheme. We present the GeneralDichotomy algorithm, that generalizes this method to any number of objectives. It performs incremental exploration and can be combined with any single-objective solver. Our algorithm offers completeness guarantees when the set of solutions is enumerable. Experimentally, it consistently decreases runtime, up to two order of magnitudes. For ease of use, we provide C++ and Python libraries
GaAs solar cell transfer onto copper substrates via thermocompression bonding for photovoltaic thermoelectric hybridization
No full textInternational audienceAbstract For photovoltaic–thermoelectric energy-conversion systems, thermal management is crucial, in particular at the hybrid interfaces in integrated systems, for achieving the best performances. One of the challenges of this integrated PV–TE system is to ensure compatibility in terms of surface area and power generation between PV and TE modules. This work presents the transfer of a 0.5 × 0.5 cm 2 GaAs solar cell onto a copper substrate using Au–Au thermocompression bonding, with a WTi barrier layer to prevent Cu diffusion. Structural integrity and limited interdiffusion were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The GaAs substrate was removed via selective etching, and issues with etch selectivity were addressed. Comparison of copper substrates showed that electrodeposited copper offers advantages for scalable bonding. These findings offer a promising approach for efficient thermal management and improving efficiency of integrated photovoltaic–thermoelectric systems
