Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Towards Green Security in IoT: A Taxonomy of Energy Measurement Techniques for IoT Security Mechanisms
No full textInternational audienceThe Internet of Things (IoT) faces a critical challenge in energy consumption, particularly for devices that rely on batteries [1]. Moreover, its exponential growth increases global power demand, reaching 500 TWh annually-an amount comparable to France's total energy consumption in 2020 [2]. Security is another major concern, as implementing sophisticated mechanisms is extremely difficult due to the limited computational power of IoT devices. Some researchers have suggested offloading complex computations to more powerful machines; however, this solution also necessitates securing the communication between the constrained and the powerful nodes, thereby bringing us back to the original problem. Currently, energy-efficient security in IoT remains underdeveloped, with only a few studies published in this domain. We observed that nearly all of them rely exclusively on physical power meters to evaluate their proposed solutions. This approach presents key limitations and highlights the need to explore alternative evaluation methods. Motivated by this, we propose, to the best of our knowledge, the first taxonomy that classifies existing techniques for evaluating the energy efficiency of security mechanisms in IoT networks by considering the constraints of both domains. We follow this taxonomy with a critical analysis of each technique
AFEDA : Enhancing Network Slices Acceptance Ratio with Transformer-based Feature Extraction
No full textInternational audienceThe advent of 5G network slicing technology makes it possible to divide a shared infrastructure into logical networks called network slices, each providing a customized quality of service (QoS). Consequently, the QoS satisfaction has shifted from "how to provide tailored QoS?" to "how to improve the acceptance ratio of deployed network slices?". Existing works have successfully employed Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents to address this challenge, proposing various placement strategies guided by reward functions. In this paper, we introduce AFEDA, an improved DRL agent by coupling it with a transformer-based active features extractor and demonstrate that beyond the reward function, extracting active features from observations significantly helps a DRL agent to enhance the acceptance ratio of slices. Through extensive simulations on two infrastructures, we show that AFEDA is capable of placing 14% to 31% more slices compared against a DRL agent with same configurations while using the same observations as raw features
Insights from stereoelectroencephalography in KCNT1 ‐related focal epilepsy suggest a multifocal and migrating epileptogenic network
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The most characteristic syndrome related to KCNT1 is epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures. Unifocal epilepsies have also been reported, the most common being sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) of frontal origin. Only 10 cases of focal extrafrontal epilepsies with an insulo‐opercular or temporal origin have been reported. Among these patients suffering from focal epilepsy, only seven underwent stereoelectroencephalography (S‐EEG) describing focal or multifocal ictal onsets. We performed three S‐EEGs and one S‐EEG in two unrelated patients suffering from refractory magnetic resonance imagining‐negative SHE with insulo‐opercular seizures. None of the patients had any familial history of epilepsy or intellectual disability. They suffered from nocturnal seizures with stereotyped ictal symptoms suggestive of insulo‐opercular SHE (IO‐SHE). The four S‐EEGs revealed multifocal, bilateral, and migrating ictal activity, whereas clinical ictal semiology remained stereotyped. These S‐EEG findings led us to carry out genetic analysis, and a pathogenic missense variant of KCNT1 was found in each patient (p.Arg928Cys and p.Arg933His). Considering these two new patients, IO‐SHE represents the second most frequent type of KCNT1 ‐related focal epilepsy, and these S‐EEG findings, never described before, suggest that migrating ictal activity might be a common feature of KCNT1 ‐related epilepsy despite different syndromic presentations
Land access facilitation by local governments. Towards a political commoning?
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Light emission from a hybrid plasmonic-excitonic STM tunneling junction
No full textInternational audienceThis work focuses on light emission from the nanojunction formed by the tip and a surface in a Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) configuration. The nanojunction includes an ultrathin quantum well made of a single monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide material deposited on a gold surface. In this specific configuration, inelastic tunneling of electrons, induced by a bias voltage applied to the tip-surface gap of the STM, excites both Localized Surface Plasmon Polaritons (LSPPs) and excitons. These electromagnetic modes hybridize in this optical nanocavity, producing complex light emission spectra with both plasmonic and excitonic characteristics that depend on the tunneling parameters and the surface roughness. We model the luminescence process as radiative emission triggered by electron tunneling, and we estimate the quantum efficiency as the number of tunneling electrons required to initiate a single exciton recombination and subsequent photon emission. The calculated emission spectra describe the experimental observations well and allow for a thorough understanding of the fundamental physical processes behind light emission in a hybrid plasmonic-excitonic STM nanojunction
Territorial Approach to Crisis Management: The Case of Tourist Destinations Facing the Challenges of Energy and Climate Crises in France and Switzerland
No full textInternational audienceTourism plays a crucial socio-economic role in many regions. However, disruptions such as crises or major incidents, including climate change related hazards, can have a significant impact on its development, leading to a decrease or even a halt in destination activities. The impacts of a crisis extend beyond immediate suffering, damage, and business losses, often leading to profound and lasting consequences. These events compel destinations to reevaluate their operations, networks, and foster the development of new opportunities, as well as social and environmental objectives. The current state of most existing research has focused on the events that lead to a crisis and cause a disruption of the so-called "normal" state, according to a linear logic. Breaking this traditional pattern of thought offers potential for research by integrating concepts and frameworks from other disciplines such as operational research, service science, regional and territorial economics. Given the fragmented nature of the tourism industry and the socio-politico context of the destination, a dynamic and holistic approach to crisis management is necessary. Focusing on two alpine destinations in Switzerland and one in the French Pyrenees, this exploratory research examines the role of crises as catalysts for innovation and development in those destinations, ultimately enhancing their resilience. From a milieu perspective, the territorial dimension plays a key role by providing explanatory factors in the management of climate and energy crises. The innovative milieu approach makes it possible to identify the factors that determine the success of developing regions and the obstacles encountered by others. It incorporates three interconnected dimensions: technological (know-how and innovation), organisational (coordination and interactions) and territorial (proximity and distance). In the era of globalisation and polycrises, where the capacities of populations to manage their own resources are eroding, this innovative perspective emphasizes the need to locally develop adapted knowledge to anticipate future crises and build more resilient tourism systems. The concept of "territoriality" in crisis management introduces a major strategic change
Paysage et feuille de route nationale des infrastructures en lien avec les données d'observation
No full textNational audienceCette présentation introduit la session plénière "Offre de services nationale sur les données d'observation : état des lieux, vision et perspectives" du séminaire "Journées GEDEOP - SIST25". Elle donne le panorama des infrastructures de recherche en lien avec les données d'observation, sur la base de la feuille de route nationale "Stratégie nationale des infrastructures de recherche" du Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (édition 2021, version 17/03/2022). Un focus est réalisé sur les infrastructures du domaine "Système Terre et de l'environnement" montrant leur interactions entre elles, et leurs liens avec l'écosystème international et national (Recherche Data Gouv)
Paul de Faget de Casteljau, Un pionnier de la CAGD
No full textInternational audiencewe were saddened by the loss of Paul de Faget de Casteljau, one of the most prominent founding members of the research area Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) and pioneer of modern applied geometry in industry. With this special issue we take the opportunity to celebrate his contributions and to reflect on the impact of his research to the field. After a careful review process, we decided to accept 17 out of the 28 submissions, including 2 articles about Paul de Casteljau's work and life, 5 surveys summarizing the numerous research directions inspired by his ideas, and 10 research articles which showcase that these ideas are still alive and keep stimulating the CAGD community.</div
An interdisciplinary framework for managing communities in sustainability transitions: insights from agroecological transitions
No full textInternational audienceWhile the human and social dimension of sustainability transitions is key to their undertaking, it is still insufficiently addressed and supported. In particular, the importance of communities, which has been highlighted by many disciplines, has not yet been tackled from an interdisciplinary perspective, resulting in a lack of a global vision of what a community is and of how to support one. We propose an interdisciplinary framework developed with the expertise of 20 researchers from 7 disciplines, each providing a specific insight on communities, and illustrations in the context of agroecological transitions. We analyzed 12 community frameworks and related key references used by the co-authors of this article in their research work. We identified three main dimensions that characterize the core of the concept of community, common to these 12 frameworks: (1) common constructs, (2) implementation and articulation of actions, and (3) feelings such as a shared sense of belonging, trust, co-responsibility, and legitimacy. We present key contributions of communities to sustainability transitions, and insights on how to support these communities. Communities can offer favorable conditions for individuals to express their ideas, desires, doubts, difficulties, and conflicts, and to address these through dialogue and collaboration. This can help individuals move forward in their decisions and actions. Communities are also a place of articulation between individual and collective actions, and can contribute to the transformation of society by redefining professional norms, and creating knowledge and innovations. Giving communities the necessary means to support its members and impact society implies investing in the development of collaboration skills within education systems and in providing dedicated training on community support to facilitators, addressing all three dimensions of communities