Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Euclid preparation. Establishing the quality of the 2D reconstruction of the filaments of the cosmic web with DisPerSE using Euclid photometric redshifts
No full textInternational audienceCosmic filaments are prominent structures of the matter distribution of the Universe. Modern detection algorithms are an efficient way to identify filaments in large-scale observational surveys of galaxies. Many of these methods were originally designed to work with simulations and/or well-sampled spectroscopic surveys. When spectroscopic redshifts are not available, the filaments of the cosmic web can be detected in projection using photometric redshifts in slices along the Line of Sight, which enable the exploration of larger cosmic volumes. However, this comes at the expense of a lower redshift precision. It is therefore crucial to assess the differences between filaments extracted from exact redshifts and from photometric redshifts for a specific survey. We apply this analysis to capture the uncertainties and biases of filament extractions introduced by using the photometric sample of the Euclid Wide Survey. The question that we address in this work is how can we compare two filament samples derived with redshifts of different precisions in the Euclid Wide Survey context. We apply the cosmic web detection algorithm DisPerSE, in the redshift range , to the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA) simulated galaxy sample which reproduces several characteristics of the Euclid Wide Survey. We develop a method to compare skeletons derived from photometric redshifts to those derived from true galaxy positions. This method expands the commonly used measure of distance between filaments to include geometrical (angles between filaments) and astrophysical considerations (galaxy mass gradients and connectivity-mass relations). We assess whether this approach strengthens our ability to correctly identify filaments in very large surveys such as the Euclid Wide Survey. [abridged
Preliminary Results of New Fossil Micromammal Assemblages from Gcwihaba Caves, Botswana: taphonomic and taxonomic implications
No full textInternational audienceMicromammals, referred to here as all mammals weighing up to 500g, are taxonomically diverse and thrive in a variety of environments. They do not generally migrate like larger mammals and are sensitive to fluctuations in climate and vegetation, making them excellent local indicators of environmental changes. In addition, their fossil remains are often found in large quantities in cave deposits. With the development of more meticulous excavations, involving fine sieving of sediments allowing for the recovery of smallest remains, interest in micromammal studies has been steadily increasing with main focus directed towards understanding the site formation processes and reconstructing past climate and environments that prevailed in the Quaternary. Unfortunately, that has not been the case for Botswana where faunal studies are scarce. This presentation will focus on the taphonomy and taxonomy of a new fossil micromammal assemblage from the Gcwihaba caves located in the Ngamiland District in the north-west of Botswana. These caves have yielded rich micromammal assemblages and most of these remain unstudied. The Hominins in Botswana-Karst Research Project since its inception in 2021 has been identifying new areas of high archaeological and paleontological potential in karst zones (covering the Aha Hills, Koanaka Hills and Gcwihaba Hills). Initial fieldwork from this project resulted in uncovering a unique paleontological assemblage within the cave, comprising four distinct units —three stratified levels, likely of Holocene age, from the Deep Chamber and one unit of probable Plio- Pleistocene age from the Corridor area. Pending further absolute dating, they provide an opportunity for a diachronic comparison of the faunal composition and taphonomic signature of the bones. Additionally, we also collected a neotaphonomic owl pellet sample from the entrance of the cave to compare and contrast with fossil data. The preliminary results of the taxonomic analysis mostly comprises of rodents with a few representations from some soricids, macroscelids, bats, herpetofauna and birds, which suggest a relatively consistent faunal composition over time. The taphonomic analysis (skeletal representation patterns, fragmentation, and surface bone modifications) provided insights into the processes responsible for the accumulation of these remains. The preliminary values obtained from the taphonomic analysis allowed for comparisons with the neotaphonomic values which indicated some similarities in terms of the accumulating agent. In a subsequent phase, a range of paleoenvironmental reconstruction methods will be applied to investigate the evolution of the environments surrounding the cave from the Plio-Pleistocene to the present
Learning Technical Skills and Soft Skills in Vocational Training
No full textInternational audienceContext: In education and training, particularly adult vocational training, the main objective is to develop learners' technical and soft skills. However, there is an imbalance between the training of technical skills and soft skills, which are essential for professional success. Although broadly valued by international institutions and employers, soft skills are difficult to integrate into training courses, due to their vague definition, their conceptual heterogeneity and the absence of structured teaching approaches. Nevertheless, recent literature highlights the link between metacognition and the development of soft skills. Approach: This study evaluated the impact of a pedagogy incorporating: 1) Soft skills workshops relying on metacognitive prompts (SSWmp), enabling learners to become aware of and analyse their social and emotional behaviour with the aim of developing social and emotional skills. 2) Incentives for self-regulation of learning (SRL), where trainer helps them set short, medium and long-term goals, guides and supports them in their learning through a professional project, and shares self-regulation strategies. The 175 adult participants, divided according to the presence or absence of these two types of incentive, were assessed using pre- and post-test methodology based on empirically validated questionnaires on metacognitive knowledge, self-regulation learning and soft skills (social skills, inter-individual emotional skills, and intra-individual emotional skills). Theoretical knowledge and technical skills were also tested. Findings: The analyses show that SSWmp significantly improved metacognitive knowledge (p < .01) and inter-individual emotional skills (p < .05). A strong positive correlation was observed between a high level of metacognitive knowledge and a high level of social and emotional skills (p < .01). A positive correlation was also observed between a high level of metacognitive knowledge and a high level of technical skills (p < .05). Conclusions: The study confirms the importance of metacognition in the development of soft skills. These results suggest that the combination of SSWmp and self-regulated incentives environments is a promising approach to meeting the challenges of vocational training
Response to biologics along a gradient of T2 involvement in patients with severe asthma: a data-driven biomarker clustering approach
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Traits d’union. Des sentiers ordinaires aux espaces patrimonialisés. Décryptage du film recherche
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Introduction générale. Faire résultats en éducation et formation
No full textInternational audienceIl s’agit de comprendre que les recherches en éducation représententdes entreprises complexes et multifacettes qui façonnent notre compréhensioncollective de l’apprentissage, de l’enseignement et de la formation.Cet ouvrage explore en profondeur la dialectique complexe entourant laproduction, la validation, la diffusion et la valorisation des résultats issusde ces recherches. Le choix de cet objet “résultat(s)” s’ancre dans la convictionque les résultats des recherches en éducation et formation ne sont passimplement des données, mais bien plus que cela sur le plan scientifique,des entités scientifiques à part entière. Au-delà d’une simple exposition desrésultats, notre démarche s’immerge dans le « pour quoi », le « avec qui »,et le « comment ». Cet ouvrage collectif se situe ainsi au croisement desvisées heuristiques, politiques, praxéologiques, et critiques, interrogeantle rôle fondamental des Sciences de l’éducation et de la formation et desdisciplines contributives dans les sphères scientifique et politique
Apprentissage par renforcement avec exploration rapide pour les applications aux réseaux stochastiques
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce FVRL (Fleming–Viot reinforcement learning), a reinforcement learning algorithm for optimisation problems where a long-term objective is largely influenced by states that are very rarely observed under all policies. In this context, usual discovery techniques including importance sampling are inapplicable because no alternative policy exists that increases the observed frequency of the rare states. We instead propose a novel approach that uses Fleming–Viot particle systems, a family of stochastic processes evolving simultaneously under the same law, that exploits prior knowledge of the environment to boost exploration of the rare states. A renewal theory argument allows us to consistently estimate the stationary probability of the rare states from excursions that have considerably lower sample complexity than usual Monte Carlo explorations. We demonstrate how to combine this estimator with policy gradient learning to construct the FVRL algorithm, which is suited to efficiently solve problems where the optimisation function is expressed as a long-run expectation, such as the long-run expected reward. We show that the FVRL algorithm converges to a local optimiser of the parameterised objective function, and illustrate the method on two optimisation problems that aim at minimising the long-run expected cost under admission control policies of threshold type: a simple M/M/1 queue system and a two-job-class loss network. Our experimental results show that, under the same sample complexity, FVRL outperforms a vanilla Monte Carlo reinforcement learning method by converging to the optimum thresholds considerably faster
Évaluation de différents critères pour la formation de groupes dans le contexte du pair programming distribué : expérimentation dans l'enseignement supérieur
No full textInternational audienceLa formation des groupes est une problématique importante de l'apprentissage collaboratif, car des groupes formés de manière appropriée peuvent conduire à de meilleures interactions entre les étudiants et améliorer leur apprentissage. Cette problématique s'applique également à la formation de binômes dans le contexte d'activités d'apprentissage de pair programming. Parmi les méthodes automatiques existantes utilisées pour le pair programming, beaucoup impliquent d'avoir à disposition un certain nombre d'informations personnelles sur les étudiants, ce qui peut complexifier la mise en place de ce genre de dispositif. Sur la base de cette limite, nous proposons une méthode automatique de formation des binômes intégrée à une application de distributed pair programming, et qui s'appuie non seulement sur certaines caractéristiques personnelles des étudiants obtenues avec des données auto-rapportées, mais aussi sur les interactions antérieures des étudiants avec l'application collectées sous forme de traces. Cette méthode a été expérimentée dans le cadre d'un cours d'introduction à la programmation, dans lequel 133 sessions de travail en pair programming ont été réalisées sur notre application de distributed pair programming. Les critères de formation des binômes utilisés par le système pendant cette expérimentation étaient l'expérience en programmation, l'auto-efficacité, le genre et l'engagement. L'expérimentation montre que les binômes homogènes en auto-efficacité ont une compatibilité perçue et une répartition du travail perçue significativement meilleures que les binômes hétérogènes, et que les binômes hétérogènes en experience de programmation ont une performance académique significativement meilleure que les binômes homogènes
Mountain tourism stakeholders facing the climate, energy and decarbonisation challenges, perspectives and adaptations in the French Pyrenees
No full textInternational audienceClimate change is causing profound changes in mountain areas, with implications for tourism. The ski tourism sector has to adapt to these changes, face energy crises and the challenge of decarbonisation to meet the Paris Agreement targets. The French Pyrenees offers a relevant context for analysing the adaptation of ski tourism to environmental and energy challenges. In this context, the aim of this proposal is to explore how tourism stakeholders in the French Pyrenees perceive the climate and energy challenges and implement adaptation pathways. The research is interdisciplinary, based on management science and geography, and is based on 40 semi-structured interviews with institutional and private stakeholders from ski resorts in the Ariège and Haute Pyrenees. Preliminary findings show that most stakeholders agree that climate change is a challenge to their activities and recognise the need to adapt. However, most adaptation strategies remain reactive, and decarbonisation is often seen as a global objective. This point is reinforced by the fact that most of the carbon emissions from the ski resorts are due to the mobility of tourists. Stakeholders recognise the need to work on it, but are unable to act individually due to their areas of competence. The results confirm the need to strengthen the coordination between the different stakeholders and to involve the different territorial scales (from local to national)
