Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
Not a member yet
92205 research outputs found
Sort by
High Psychological Impact of Covid‐19 on French Healthcare Workers: An Observational Cohort Study of PTSD, Depression and Burn‐Out
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction:The Covid-19 outbreak hit the world forcing public institutions to rethink their core functioning. Healthcare workers (HCWs) were particularly at risk for negative mental health outcomes, given their direct exposure to many pandemicrelated stressors. Our study aimed to assess the psychological outcomes of French HCWs during the Covid-19 pandemic, including PTSD, depression and burn-out. Methods: This study presents the baseline data of a large cohort study conducted during the pandemic. Participants were 849 French HCWs (mostly single women, working as nurses) assessed for PTSD with the PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), for depression with the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire), and for burn-out and compassion satisfaction with the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life). Other pandemic-related variables were also collected, including characteristics related to participants' Covid-19 experience, as well as psychological and clinical measures.</div
Lire Beaumarchais à l'école congolaise : Contexte et pratiques d'enseignement: Contexte et pratiques d'enseignement
No full textInternational audienc
Measuring motivational patterns: a formal approach of conservation of resources theory
No full textNational audienceThe present research develops a formal mathematical model to measure individual motivation at work. Its mathematical specifications correspond to a formal translation of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory core assumptions. It explores how such COR constructs as resource caravan and resource passageway determine patterns of motivational processes. The model is applied to a sample of working professionals (n= 8) from different occupations. Data is obtained from a 5-item Lickert-scale questionnaire based on the COR-Evaluation (COR-E) instrument developed by Hobfoll et al. (1992). Results are presented in the form of eight different Tables that correspond to eight different resource caravans. They unveil how individual motivational processes vary by the extent to which resources interact with an underlying drive for preservation. The role of context is also confirmed as a resource passageway. With regard to methodology, this research emphasizes how measurement based on mathematical modeling can be an alternative to standard data-analytic statistics. At a theory level, it enriches both COR-based literature and theory of workplace motivation. Practically, it provides an analytical instrument that details information on those processes that shape individual motivational profiles in organizations
Discernibility in explanations: Designing more acceptable and meaningful machine learning models for medicine
No full textInternational audienceAlthough the benefits of machine learning are undeniable in healthcare, explainability plays a vital role in improving transparency and understanding the most decisive and persuasive variables for prediction. The challenge is to identify explanations that make sense to the biomedical expert. This work proposes discernibility as a new approach to faithfully reflect human cognition, based on the user's perception of a relationship between explanations and data for a given variable. A total of 50 participants (19 biomedical experts and 31 data scientists) evaluated their perception of the discernibility of explanations from both synthetic and human-based datasets (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).The low inter-rater reliability of discernibility (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient < 0.5), with no significant difference between areas of expertise or levels of education, highlights the need for an objective metric of discernibility. Thirteen statistical coefficients were evaluated for their ability to capture, for a given variable, the relationship between its values and its explanations using Passing-Bablok regression. Among these, dcor was shown to be a reliable metric for assessing the discernibility of explanations, effectively capturing the clarity of the relationship between the data and their explanations, and providing clues to underlying pathophysiological mechanisms not immediately apparent when examining individual predictors.Discernibility can also serve as an evaluation metric for model quality, helping to prevent overfitting and aiding in feature selection, ultimately providing medical practitioners with more accurate and persuasive results
Base de données relationnelle - Flux financiers et industrie lainière en Languedoc (1680–1789)
No full textCette base de données relationnelle a été conçue dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale consacrée à la politique économique des États de Languedoc et à l’industrialisation du secteur lainier (XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles). Elle permet de modéliser et d’analyser près de 4 000 flux financiers consignés dans les quittances du Trésorier de la Bourse des États, en les articulant avec les acteurs (marchands-fabricants, manufactures, investisseurs), les types de transferts (prêts, aides à la production, achats de matières premières, loyers, innovations) et leurs sources archivistiques. L’architecture repose sur plusieurs tables interconnectées (flux, acteurs, sources, manufactures, etc.), afin de restituer à la fois la circulation des capitaux et les logiques institutionnelles qui structurent un territoire manufacturier. Au-delà d’un simple outil de stockage, la base offre un cadre d’analyse flexible (requêtes SQL, croisements dynamiques) permettant de suivre les trajectoires d’acteurs, d’identifier des familles de manufacturiers, et de mettre en lumière l’évolution de la politique de soutien des États de Languedoc sur le long terme. La BDR est disponible en format texte et en format Access.Cette base de données relationnelle a été conçue dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale consacrée à la politique économique des États de Languedoc et à l’industrialisation du secteur lainier (XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles). Elle permet de modéliser et d’analyser près de 4 000 flux financiers consignés dans les quittances du Trésorier de la Bourse des États, en les articulant avec les acteurs (marchands-fabricants, manufactures, investisseurs), les types de transferts (prêts, aides à la production, achats de matières premières, loyers, innovations) et leurs sources archivistiques. L’architecture repose sur plusieurs tables interconnectées (flux, acteurs, sources, manufactures, etc.), afin de restituer à la fois la circulation des capitaux et les logiques institutionnelles qui structurent un territoire manufacturier. Au-delà d’un simple outil de stockage, la base offre un cadre d’analyse flexible (requêtes SQL, croisements dynamiques) permettant de suivre les trajectoires d’acteurs, d’identifier des familles de manufacturiers, et de mettre en lumière l’évolution de la politique de soutien des États de Languedoc sur le long terme. La BDR est disponible en format texte et en format Access. La base est diffusée sous licence Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA, garantissant sa libre réutilisation et adaptation à des fins non-commerciales, sous réserve de mentionner l’auteur et de partager dans les mêmes conditions
Stereolithography 3D printing method for multi-material hydrogel 2D photo-patterning in a microfluidic chip
No full textInternational audienceWe present a novel and straightforward method using a standard stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer for highresolution (20 μm x-y resolution), multi-material 2D hydrogel photo-patterning directly within a microfluidic chip. The process involves sequential injections of photosensitive hydrogel into a transparent microfluidic chip coupled with sequential direct laser writing by the printer through point-by-point photopolymerization. Our approach integrates a custom miniaturized syringe pump system into the SLA printer, thereby enabling fluid management and sequential injection of different photosensitive hydrogels directly into the microfluidic environment between each laser writing sequence. This technique enables the fabrication of intricate, multi-material hydrogel patterns (e.g., PEGDA and HAMA) with high spatial resolution over areas spanning several square millimeters. Future developments will focus on expanding the range of biomaterials and incorporating cell-laden hydrogels to facilitate the creation of biologically relevant microenvironments on chip.This study opens new possibilities for high-resolution, multi-material hydrogel patterning in microfluidics and offers a valuable platform for advancing research in microsystems engineering.</p
Des niveaux d’occupation de la fin du 10e millénaire à la Grande Rivoire (Sassenage, Isère, France)
No full textCes deux dernières décennies, les recherches archéologiques dans les Alpes françaises ont permis un important renouvèlement de nos connaissances sur les modalités d’occupation et d’exploitation des milieux montagnards et du cadre évolutif pour la période du Mésolithique. Aujourd’hui, si les dynamiques culturelles de la seconde moitié du 9e millénaire au début du 6e millénaire sont plutôt bien comprises, la caractérisation de l’émergence du Premier Mésolithique à partir des différents substrats de la fin du Paléolithique reste encore très floue. La faute en revient notamment à un manque de données technoéconomiques issues de contextes chronostratigraphiques récents et fiables.Localisé dans le nord du massif du Vercors à 580 m d’altitude, l’abri-sous-roche de la Grande Rivoire a déjà livré une séquence chronoculturelle de référence pour la période mésolithique (ca. 8430-6050 cal. BCE). La reprise des fouilles en 2020 a permis la découverte de niveaux anthropiques très profonds et non identifiés lors des opérations précédentes. En contraste sédimentaire, paléoenvironnemental et culturel avec les ensembles sus-jacents, ces niveaux permettent de reculer provisoirement l’âge des plus anciennes occupations du site de plus d’un demi-siècle (cf. 9115-8630 cal. BCE). Leur étude apporte en plus quelques éléments de réponse sur l’émergence du Premier Mésolithique, peut-être hérité de traditions épigravettiennes
Advection, diffusion and linear transport in a single path-sampling Monte-Carlo algorithm: Getting insensitive to geometrical refinement
No full textInternational audienceWe address the question of numerically simulating the coupling of diffusion, advection and one-speed linear transport, with a specific focus on managing geometrical complexity. We base our work on recent advances from the computer graphics community, which has developed Monte Carlo algorithms simulating linear radiation transport in physically realistic scenes, with numerical costs that remain unaffected by geometrical refinement: adding more details to the scene description does not impact the computation time. The resulting benefits in terms of engineering flexibility are already fully integrated into the cinema industry and are gradually being adopted by the video game industry. Here we demonstrate that the same insensitivity to the geometric complexity can be achieved when considering not only one-speed linear transport, but also its coupling with diffusion and advection. In this case, pure linear-transport paths are replaced with advection-diffusion/linear-transport paths, which are composed of subpaths. Each subpath represents one of the three physical phenomena, and coupling is handled by switching from one subpath (i.e. phenomenon) to another. This approach is illustrated using a porous medium involving up to 10,000 pores, with the computation time being strictly independent of the number of pores, showing its ability to facilitate engineering calculations in complex geometries
Accounting Both Safety and Performance for Goal-Directed Training and Rehabilitation: A Generic Tool-Supported Multimodal Approach
No full textInternational audiencePhysical activity and exercise are acknowledged as an important means of improving and maintaining a good health condition. They also belong to a major type of therapy to manage various chronic disorders and to recover from multiple diseases, one of the main being stroke. Physical exercises are nowadays supported by technology to enable their execution without a trainer or a physical therapist. Despite the fact that many interactive tools support the tracking of performance and the follow-up of the training program, the safety of the trainee is rarely taken into account. In this paper, we highlight the need for tools that take into account safety during exercises, as well as the relevance of monitoring emotions, and in particular pain, to address the safety issues. To address this issue, we propose a tool suite and its underlying principles. The paper presents the results of the implementation of the tool suite for a tele-rehabilitation exercises
Influenza vaccine effectiveness and genetic diversity: insights from end-of-season community surveillance, France, 2024-2025
No full textInternational audienceInfluenza 2024-2025 season in France was characterized by prolonged duration, unusual co-circulation of all three viruses (A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), B/Victoria) with several subclades, and substantial healthcare impact. We aimed to investigate the impact of influenza genetic diversity on vaccine effectiveness (VE).A test-negative design study was conducted to estimate VE in a large cohort from the RELAB network of community-based laboratories (n = 77,704 patients). A subset of sequenced samples (n = 2,119 patients) allowed VE estimation for several clades and subclades as well as comparison of subclade distribution by vaccination status.Vaccine coverage was 45% in patients aged 65 years and older (65+). VE based on PCR-confirmed infections was 44% (95% CI: 41-48%) and lower in 65+ individuals, at 25% (95% CI:18-31%) especially for type A virus (23%; 95% CI: 13-32%) compared to type B virus (57%; 95% CI: 35-72%).Sequencing-confirmed VE among individuals vaccinated 15 days to 3 months prior testing, was 41% (95% CI: 14-60%) for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 47% (95% CI: 21-64%) for its main subclade 5a.2a(C.1.9.3); A(H3N2) estimate was 30% (95% CI:5-48%) and 31% (95% CI:4-50%) for 2a.3a.1(J.2) sublclade. The emerging A(H1N1)pdm09 5a.2a.1 (D.3) subclade was significantly more frequent among vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated.The low vaccine coverage combined with the notably low effectiveness against A(H3N2) and for type A in elderly may have contributed to the high influenza activity this season. The emergence of A(H1N1)pdm09 5a.2a.1 (D.3) raises uncertainty and requires surveillance.</p