Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Appréhender la citoyenneté des adolescents
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to explore, from a socio-constructivist perspective, different ways to better understand the forms of citizenship developed by adolescents today. How can developmental psychology contribute to a better understanding of adolescents’ citizenship experiences in a contemporary context marked by new forms of engagement and an extended transition into adulthood? The article first addresses ethical and theoretical aspects, in order to recognize that adolescent citizenship is a form of political socialization that evolves rapidly. This process is framed within a dialectical approach to the dynamics of individualization and socialization. The issue of institutions then emerges, highlighting the need for adolescents to participate democratically in them, ensuring their involvement in decisions that concern them from an early age. Finally, the article raises an epistemological question about the psychological dimension of citizenship, which is a key focus of developmental psychology research. This research, especially when taking into account young people’s viewpoints, opens up new perspectives to understand the extended nature of adolescence and its implications for citizenship.L’objectif de cet article est d’aborder dans une approche socioconstructiviste des pistes de réflexion afin de mieux comprendre les formes de citoyenneté développées aujourd’hui par les adolescents. Comment la psychologie du développement peut-elle contribuer à mieux comprendre les expériences citoyennes des adolescents dans le contexte contemporain marqué notamment par des nouvelles formes d’engagement, un allongement de l’entrée dans l’âge adulte ? Il s’agit tout d’abord d’aborder la dimension éthique et théorique pour reconnaître qu’une citoyenneté adolescente existe sous la forme d’une socialisation politique qui évolue rapidement et qui s’inscrit dans une approche dialectique des processus de personnalisation et de socialisation. Puis un enjeu institutionnel se dégage par la nécessaire participation démocratique des adolescents aux institutions en leur offrant dès le plus jeune âge les conditions d’accès aux décisions qui les concernent. Enfin une question épistémologique d’actualité est soulevée par la dimension psychologique de la citoyenneté, qui fait l’objet de recherches en psychologie du développement, notamment par la prise en considération du point de vue des plus jeunes et qui ouvre des perspectives de réflexion liées à l’allongement de cette période de l’existence
Aux origines de la censure cinématographique : l'Armée et les images du procès Dreyfus
No full textInternational audienceDuring the summer of 1899, Captain Dreyfus – convicted in 1894 for high treason and deported to Devil's Island – appeared in court a second time in Rennes. Journalists, reporters and photographers from all over the world are going to France to tell the story of the trial. A team of cinematographic operators from Biograph and Mutoscope for France is also present, and is trying to film the locations and major characters of the Dreyfus affair. The Army, mobilized in the city to ensure the security of the event, is suspicious of the filmmakers and decrees filming bans. Despite this censorship, the filmmakers will record several images. Part of it was confiscated by the police, the other escaped from France and was shown in music halls and theaters – particularly in Great Britain and Belgium – where it met a great popular success.Durant l’été 1899, le capitaine Dreyfus – condamné en 1894 pour haute trahison et déporté sur l’île du diable – comparaît une seconde fois devant le conseil de guerre, à Rennes. Les journalistes, reporters et photographes du monde entier vont en France pour relater le déroulement du procès. Une équipe d’opérateurs cinématographiques de la Biograph and Mutoscope for France est également présente, et essaie de filmer les lieux et les grands personnages de l’affaire Dreyfus. L’Armée, mobilisée dans la ville pour assurer la sécurité de l’évènement, se méfie des cinéastes et décrète des interdictions de filmer. Malgré cette censure, les cinéastes vont enregistrer plusieurs images. Une partie est confisquée par la police, l’autre parvient à s’exfiltrer hors de France et est projetée dans les music-halls et les théâtres – notamment en Grande-Bretagne et en Belgique – où elle obtient un grand succès populaire
Prediction of Speech Impairment in Patients Treated for Oral or Oropharyngeal Cancer Using Automatic Speech Analysis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Perceptual evaluation of speech disorders produces scores that poorly predict the consequences of speech impairment on the communication abilities of patients treated for oral/oropharyngeal cancer. This may be mitigated by automatic speech analysis. Aim: To measure communication and speech impairment using automatic analyses of spontaneous speech and self-administered questionnaires in patients treated for oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer. Methods and Procedures: The spontaneous speech of 25 patients was recorded during a semistructured interview. Various acoustic and automatic tools were applied to the speech signal to obtain scores relating to the different linguistic levels. Reduction of dimensionality was applied to retain only relevant and nonredundant parameters. Self-administered questionnaires assessing communication and associated factors (associated deficits, anxiety/depression, cognitive status, communication needs relating to social circles, self-perception of speech impairment and quality of life) were conducted. A predictive modelling of communication and speech impairment by LASSO regression was performed using the scores from the automatic tools alone, which were then combined with the scores arising from the questionnaires. Outcomes and Results: A total of 149 automatic parameters were extracted from the speech signal, of which 75 were retained after dimensional reduction. Predictive modelling of communication and speech impairment [Holistic Communication Score (HoCoS)] using the selected automatic parameters (number of sonants and occlusives recognised per second) provides a correlation of 0.83 between the predicted and actual score. This modelling is reliable (r S = 0.82 between five-fold cross-validation and HoCoS). The correlation reaches 0.89 when including associated factors in the modelling, while maintaining a high reliability (r S = 0.70 between five-fold cross-validation and HoCoS). Conclusions and Implications:The use of automatic speech analysis allows a reliable prediction of the communication and speech impairment experienced by the patients. This study opens up new perspectives for the use of automatic speech recognition systems in clinical evaluation and for the consideration of functional and psychosocial needs expressed by the patients during their follow-up
Scalable Domain Decomposition Methods for Large Sparse Linear Systems on Modern Architectures
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, we address the challenge of scaling domain decomposition methods for solving large sparse linear systems on modern architectures. We leverage the Composyx software framework,integrating state-of-the-art libraries such as BLAS/LAPACK for dense linear algebra, direct sparse solvers for subproblem resolution, and efficient partitioners for domain decomposition. Ensuring seamless integration and optimal resource utilization is critical for computational efficiency.We first optimize these methods for homogeneous multi-core systems, refining each algorithmic stage to minimize overhead and fully exploit shared memory within each domain. A key aspect of this optimization is ensuring that each library efficiently utilizes multi-core architectures through Composyx, both independently and within a shared execution context. Additionally, proper thread and process placement is crucial, ensuring that each process is bound to a specific portion of the machine for optimal performance. To better understand the effectiveness of these optimizations, we will conduct an in-depth analysis of the trade-offs between computational and numerical factors, specifically the number of cores assigned per domain versus the number of domains. The goal is to identify the best configuration that balances parallel efficiency, numerical accuracy, and overall solver performance. This study will provide valuable insights into how domain decomposition methods can be adapted to different problem sizes and hardware configurations, ensuring robustness and scalability. Building on this foundation, ongoing work focuses on extending our framework to heterogeneous CPU-GPU architectures through a fine-grained task-based parallelization strategy.By addressing these challenges related to increasing platform heterogeneity and algorithmic complexity, this work seeks to ensure that domain decomposition methods remain robust, scalable, andwell-suited to the computational demands of large-scale simulations in the exascale era
L'État, l'eau et la terre. 70 ans de politiques agricoles au Maghreb
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/614021/) * Collectivites auteurs : Ecole supérieure d'agriculture de Purpan - FRA// CIRAD-ES-UMR G-EAU - FRA//International audienceL'ambition de ce chapitre est de retracer l'évolution des politiques agricoles au Maghreb, depuis l'indépendance jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Ce panorama ne serait toutefois pas complet sans un détour par les conditions d'accès à la terre et à l'eau. Ces deux dimensions jouant un rôle déterminant dans le contrat social qui caractérise le monde rural. C'est pourquoi ce chapitre se penche aussi sur les aspects socio-politiques des politiques agricoles dans les trois pays du Maghreb
Spatial confinement and life under pressure from physiology to pathology
No full textInternational audienceTree roots sprouting into the ground or tumors proliferating within an organ are a few examples ofproliferation under spatial confinement, which leads to growth-induced pressure. This compressivemechanical stress can impact a plethora of processes in all organisms. In this review, I will discuss thephysiological and pathological consequences of spatial confinement in plants, microbes and animalcells, and will discuss in more depth the case of solid tumors
La régulation de la fréquentation des hauts sites naturels et des stations de montagne, créatrice d’emplois
No full textInternational audienceLes enquêtes dans 70 sites patrimoniaux en France révèlent que la visite des sites naturels remarquables a des conséquences bénéfiques pour la croissance démographique, le plus souvent liée à un solde naturel et migratoire positif. La population augmente, le revenu par habitant augmente en moyenne de 19 % et la fréquentation, dès lors qu'elle est régulée et maîtrisée, génère de nouveaux emplois notamment dans le secteur de la consommation, y compris touristique (de 4 % à 14 % sur la période observée à l’échelle des EPCI)