Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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English Teachers Striking Over Pay: The July 2023 Pay Rise in the Long Shadow of the 1980s
No full textInternational audienc
LUNTIAN: An Agent-Based Model of an Industrial Tree Plantation for Promoting Sustainable Harvesting in the Philippines
No full textInternational audienceIndustrial tree plantations (ITPs) are increasingly recognized as a sustainable response to deforestation and the decline in native wood resources in the Philippines. This study presents LUNTIAN (Labor, UNiversity, Timber Investment, and Agent-based Nexus), an agent-based model that simulates an experimental ITP operation within a mountain forest managed by University of the Philippines Los Baños. The model integrates biophysical processes—such as tree growth, hydrology, and stand dynamics—with socio-economic components such as investment decision making based on risk preferences, employment allocation influenced by local labor availability, and informal harvesting behavior driven by job scarcity. These are complemented by institutional enforcement mechanisms such as forest patrolling, reflecting the complex interplay between financial incentives and rule compliance. To assess the model’s validity, its outputs were compared to those of the 3PG forest growth model, with results demonstrating alignment in growth trends and spatial distributions, thereby supporting LUNTIAN’s potential to represent key ecological dynamics. Sensitivity analysis identified investor earnings share and community member count as significant factors influencing net earnings and management costs. Parameter calibration using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm yielded an optimal configuration that ensured profitability for resource managers, investors, and community-hired laborers while minimizing unauthorized independent harvesting. Notably, even with continuous harvesting during a 17-year rotation, the final tree population increased by 55%. These findings illustrate the potential of LUNTIAN to support the exploration of sustainable ITP management strategies in the Philippines by offering a robust framework for analyzing complex social–ecological interactions
Disunited Kingdom : L’utilisation des pays nordiques par le SNP dans son conflit avec le gouvernement britannique sur l’indépendance de l'Écosse
No full textNational audienc
Confiance et fiabilité du cycle de vie des données décentralisées : une approche basée sur la blockchain pour améliorer la traçabilité
No full textData science and AI-based techniques are now widely employed in various sectors, including business, politics, healthcare, transportation, research, etc. Private companies and public organizations have produced and/or collected various types of data which today are stored in data silos that need to be integrated to build a data economy that drives innovation such as data spaces in Europe. Such data spaces should involve different stakeholders in collaborative and distributed data processing, as well as decentralized data governance. However, these distributed and decentralized data ecosystems open up new challenges in terms of trust and reliability. Data quality evaluation is a potential indicator to assess the reliability, trust and legal compliance of shared data across collaborative data processing. Unfortunately, there are multiple and inconsistent definitions of data quality criteria, and data quality criteria are often hardly accessible to end-users. As an answer to these issues, we developed a framework that includes a comprehensive list of 30 data quality criteria obtained from an extensive systematic review of existing academic research articles and consolidated by the interviews of 9 experts. We manually assessed 4 different open source datasets according to 4 data quality criteria to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach as well as the difficulty to access this information currently. Therefore, we developed a blockchain-based traceability prototype that can improve transparency which allows any dataset user to easily access data quality criteria.La science des données et les techniques basées sur l'IA sont désormais largement utilisées dans divers secteurs, notamment les affaires, la politique, les soins de santé, les transports, la recherche, etc. Les entreprises privées et les organisations publiques ont produit et/ou collecté divers types de données qui sont aujourd'hui stockées dans des silos de données qui doivent être intégrés pour construire une économie de données qui stimule l'innovation, comme les espaces de données en Europe. Ces espaces de données devraient impliquer différentes parties prenantes dans le traitement collaboratif et distribué des données, ainsi que dans la gouvernance décentralisée des données. Toutefois, ces écosystèmes de données distribués et décentralisés posent de nouveaux défis en termes de confiance et de fiabilité. L'évaluation de la qualité des données est un indicateur potentiel pour évaluer la fiabilité, la confiance et la conformité légale des données partagées dans le cadre du traitement collaboratif des données. Malheureusement, les définitions des critères de qualité des données sont multiples et incohérentes, et les critères de qualité des données sont souvent difficilement accessibles aux utilisateurs finaux. Pour répondre à ces problèmes, nous avons développé un cadre qui comprend une liste complète de 30 critères de qualité des données obtenus à partir d'un examen systématique approfondi des articles de recherche universitaire existants et consolidés par les entretiens de 9 experts. Nous avons évalué manuellement 4 jeux de données open source différents selon 4 critères de qualité des données afin de démontrer l'utilité de notre approche ainsi que la difficulté d'accéder à ces informations à l'heure actuelle. Par conséquent, nous avons développé un prototype de traçabilité basé sur la blockchain qui peut améliorer la transparence et qui permet à tout utilisateur d'un ensemble de données d'accéder facilement aux critères de qualité des données
Ecological Stress, Adaptation & Innovation: Hunter-Gatherers to Early Farmers in the Horn of Africa
No full textInternational audienc
The Human in Interactive Machine Learning: Analysis and Perspectives for Ambient Intelligence (Abstract Reprint)
No full textInternational audienceAs the vision of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) becomes more feasible, the challenge of designing effective and usable human-machine interaction in this context becomes increasingly important. Interactive Machine Learning (IML) offers a set of techniques and tools to involve end-users in the machine learning process, making it possible to build more trustworthy and adaptable ambient systems. In this paper, our focus is on exploring approaches to effectively integrate and assist human users within ML-based AmI systems. Through a survey of key IML-related contributions, we identify principles for designing effective human-AI interaction in AmI applications. We apply them to the case of Opportunistic Composition, which is an approach to achieve AmI, to enhance collaboration between humans and Artificial Intelligence. Our study highlights the need for user-centered and context-aware design, and provides insights into the challenges and opportunities of integrating IML techniques into AmI systems
Principes FAIR. Comment rendre ses données le plus "FAIR" possible ? (et donc optimiser leur visibilité et leur réutilisation)
No full textInternational audienceLa présentation offre une façon originale d'aborder les principes "FAIR" à travers un exemple fictif dans un but éducatif. Les principes FAIR sont une bonne pratique de science ouverte dans l'objectif de rendre les données de la recherche facilement trouvables (F), accessibles (A), interopérables (I) et (R). Le jeu se base sur les 15 principes (4 F, 4 A, 3 I et 4 R) selon Wilkinson et al (2016) et le support produit par Doranum (DOI 10.13143/Z7S6-ED26). Le jeu proposé met en scène 4 personnages fictifs dont Anna, une scientifique écologue qui inventorie la biodiversité de coccinelles et qui souhaite rendre ses données d'occurrences de biodiversité le plus "FAIR" possible. Les auditeurs suivent 2 manches : 1) le "quick FAIR" pour faire vite et ainsi suivre Anna dans le processus de dépôt de ses données dans un entrepôt institutionnel, avec in fine un score FAIR satisfaisant ; 2) le "full FAIR" qui incite à rendre 100% FAIR les données fictives d'Anna, en la suivant dans le processus de transformation et de standardisation de ses données et leur dépôt dans un entrepôt thématique de confiance. A la fin du jeu, un quiz teste les connaissances des auditeurs et se termine par un mur de messages
When (and where) do pandemics foster anti-migrant actions? Individual-, contextual- and societal-level drivers affecting social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textInternational audienc
Between Tradition and Innovation: Early Neolithic Harvesting Techniques at Crno Vrilo site (Dalmatia, Croatia)
No full textInternational audienceFrom the late 7th millennium onwards, the spread of Neolithic lifeways toward the central and western Mediterranean followed a non-linear trajectory, marked by pioneer incursions, pauses, and cultural reconfigurations. In this context, the Balkan Peninsula and the Adriatic—where technical systems transformed—represent a key region for understanding Neolithic trajectories.Crno Vrilo, a central-eastern Adriatic site in the Zadar hinterland, provides remarkable evidence of the first agro-pastoral communities of the Impressed Ware tradition. Excavated in the early 2000s by Brunislav Marijanović (University of Zadar), it revealed rectangular houses, pathways, and a rich material culture, attesting to a well-structured village (c. 5800–5600 cal BC).Among its finds, the lithic assemblage—over 4000 well-preserved artefacts—constitutes the largest Early Neolithic collection from littoral Croatia, offering unique insights into domestic lithic production and use. Technological and functional analyses highlight tool maintenance strategies, subsistence activities, and blank selection.Lithic production at Crno Vrilo is characterized by pressure blade flaking on high-quality exogenous cherts (sourced from the Gargano Peninsula, Italy), reflecting significant socio-economic and technical investement. These blades were used both unretouched and modified into diverse tools, including sickle elements, indicating that cereal cultivation played a central role. Symmetrical trapezoidal armatures show projectile impact and evidence of recycling, while large blades, likely produced by lever pressure and imported as finished products, served various functions except for harvesting.Within this presentation, we aim to explore the Crno Vrilo technological system in its domestic context and position it within a broader perspective on Neolithisation processes in the central-western Mediterranean and the Balkans