Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Influence of musical background on children’s handwriting: Effects of melody and rhythm
No full textInternational audienceNumerous studies have reported benefits of music listening to support learning and motor rehabilitation. In the case of handwriting, previous studies suggested that musical background improves movement speed and fluency. Whether this benefit comes from the melody or is specifically related to the rhythmic cues provided by the music remains to be established. In addition, music can influence handwriting differently depending on the child’s level of expertise. To disentangle these effects, we recorded graphic movement under different sound backgrounds in children of two different grades. In total, 44 s graders and 44 fifth graders needed to copy loops and isolated words under four sound conditions: silent, melodic without metronome, melodic with slow metronome (1.6 Hz), and melodic with faster metronome (2.2 Hz). The results revealed that listening to a pure melodic background reduced writing velocity, movement fluency, and loop size in both groups. In addition, the rhythmic cues influenced handwriting kinematics differently depending on grade and task. For the younger group, the two rhythms, and especially the slow rate, increased the loop copying velocity, whereas for the words the velocity and movement fluency were reduced by the fast rate. Conversely, for the older group, the two rhythmic conditions reduced writing velocity and movement fluency, and they increased the size of both the loops and the words. Finally, the effects also depend on handwriting level; poor writers seem to benefit more from the adding of rhythmic cues. These results raise interesting perspectives for learning to write and for the rehabilitation of handwriting difficulties
Approximation of feedback gains for the Oseen system
No full text2000 MSC: 93B52, 65N30, 65N15, 76D55, 76D05, 35Q35We consider the Oseen system with a Dirichlet boundary control, and its semidiscrete approximation by a finite element method (FEM). We show that these two systems fit with the abstract setting recently introduced in [5]. We obtain convergence rates for Riccati based feedback laws and their discrete approximation, in terms of the discretization parameter h (the mesh size of the FEM). We also prove convergence rates between the solution of the closed-loop Oseen system and the solution of the semidiscrete closed-loop Oseen system. These results are based on new error estimates, previously known for the Stokes system in polyhedral or polygonal convex domains, that we have recently extended to the Oseen system in polyhedral (or polygonal) convex or non-convex domains. We also prove a uniform bound for the discrete control operator B h , which seems to be totally new in the context of the numerical approximation of feedback laws
A Green Transportation Problem for E-commerce Deliveries
No full textInternational audienceTo get involved in the fight against climate change, e-commerce actors should reduce the environmental impact of their activities. For retailers, a key challenge to is identify the stock sources for fulfilling online orders. In this paper, our goal is to orchestrate orders while minimizing the associated environmental impact. We propose a model of Green Transportation Problem for E-commerce Deliveries (GTP-ED) which can be seen as a general case of Fixed Charge Transportation Problem. We detail how we obtain the environmental objective function and how we generate instances based on real world and realistic data, and that good quality solutions can be obtained quickly. Then, we show the relevance of our environmental objective function by comparing the results with an orchestration based on minimizing the distance traveled by the parcels, which leads to a 30% increase of environmental cost. Finally, we compare the GTP-ED with an economic approach and outline a significant tension between our environmental and economic objectives in that context
プロソディーの指導と自律的学習の可能性―理論的背景と実践例―
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, I first prove the correlation between the Japanese discursive structure and prosody based on the theory “Grammaire de l’intonation” (Intonation Grammar) of Morel and Danon-Boileau (1998). Then, with application of this correlation, I propose a teaching method of prosody easily accessible both to the teacher and the learner through the binary criterion of the function of determination and a written indicium, the specific syntactic/discursive marker, which allows autonomous leaning
Call for founding members of the European Organization For University Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (UniPRM)
No full textInternational audienceRehabilitation is increasingly recognized as a key component of health systems worldwide. To meet the growing demand for rehabilitation services, it is essential to strengthen academic capacity in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine within universities. Academic structures are critical for training future physicians and professionals, and for advancing research and innovation in rehabilitation. In response to this need, a new European organization has been established: the European Organization of University Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. This organization aims to unite and support university-based educators and researchers in the field, fostering excellence in teaching, research, clinical care, and academic leadership. The initiative has been developed through collaboration with major European and international rehabilitation bodies and is grounded in the values of representativity, inclusiveness, and collaboration. The organization invites current and future university professors in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine to join as founding members and contribute to shaping its mission, structure, and strategic direction. By building a strong academic network across Europe, this initiative seeks to reinforce the foundations of rehabilitation in health systems and promote the development of a skilled and innovative workforce. This commentary outlines the rationale, development, and goals of the new organization and calls for broad participation from the academic community
Dire et dessiner le pays choctaw dans la première moitié du xviiie siècle
No full textInternational audienceLes inscriptions, à la fois diverses et éparpillées, bien qu’en partie liées entre elles, conservées dans les dépôts d’archives et présentées ici, parlent du pays choctaw. Elles le disent, le décrivent, le situent, lui donnent un visage cartographique et font entendre, translittéré en partie dans la toponymie, son langage. Illustrent-elles, pour autant, un processus cumulatif de savoirs, mis en œuvre par les agents coloniaux, officiers des troupes de la Marine ou missionnaires, au service d’un projet impérial, piloté depuis les bureaux de la Marine ? Prises individuellement, ces inscriptions sont autant de témoignages d’un effort de connaissance et de réduction visuelle ou graphique. Prises ensemble, elles accusent un processus de connaissance incomplet, fragmentaire, qui a été tâtonnant et incertain
Traveling waves in the human visual cortex: An MEG-EEG model-based approach
No full textInternational audienceBrain oscillations might be traveling waves propagating in cortex. Studying their propagation within single cortical areas has mostly been restricted to invasive measurements. Their investigation in healthy humans, however, requires non-invasive recordings, such as MEG or EEG. Identifying traveling waves with these techniques is challenging because source summation, volume conduction, and low signal-to-noise ratios make it difficult to localize cortical activity from sensor responses. The difficulty is compounded by the lack of a known ground truth in traveling wave experiments. Rather than source-localizing cortical responses from sensor activity, we developed a two-part model-based neuroimaging approach: (1) The putative neural sources of a propagating oscillation were modeled within primary visual cortex (V1) via retinotopic mapping from functional MRI recordings (encoding model); and (2) the modeled sources were projected onto MEG and EEG sensors to predict the resulting signal using a biophysical head model. We tested our model by comparing its predictions against the MEG-EEG signal obtained when participants viewed visual stimuli designed to elicit either fovea-to-periphery or periphery-to-fovea traveling waves or standing waves in V1, in which ground truth cortical waves could be reasonably assumed. Correlations on within-sensor phase and amplitude relations between predicted and measured data revealed good model performance. Crucially, the model predicted sensor data more accurately when the input to the model was a traveling wave going in the stimulus direction compared to when the input was a standing wave, or a traveling wave in a different direction. Furthermore, model accuracy peaked at the spatial and temporal frequency parameters of the visual stimulation. Together, our model successfully recovers traveling wave properties in cortex when they are induced by traveling waves in stimuli. This provides a sound basis for using MEG-EEG to study endogenous traveling waves in cortex and test hypotheses related with their role in cognition
Approche systématique à base de modèles pour l'ingénierie de systèmes interactifs : application à la réadaptation post-AVC
No full textStroke is a major public health issue, responsible for long-term functional impairments that require structured and personalized rehabilitation. Post-stroke rehabilitation follows a "goal-directed" approach, in which therapists, together with the patient, define daily life objectives that are progressively refined into sub-goals and adapted exercises. Many interactive systems have been developed to support this process, yet their design often remains ad hoc, tailored to specific cases and difficult to reuse in clinical practice.This thesis is based on the hypothesis that the design of interactive systems for post-stroke rehabilitation can be systematized by embedding their engineering directly within the goal-directed rehabilitation process. It addresses three main challenges: the formalization of therapeutic exercises in a complete and unambiguous way, the systematic integration of software engineering into the clinical process, and the design of architectures capable of handling the diversity of interaction devices, including non-standard ones.To meet these challenges, the dissertation proposes an extension of the goal-directed rehabilitation process specifically applied to stroke rehabilitation, including a tooled version that integrates the engineering of interactive systems. It also introduces a methodology to extend the HAMSTERS task modeling notation in order to describe rehabilitation exercises exhaustively, and presents three specific extensions covering perceptual, cognitive, and motor dimensions. An extension of the HAMSTERS tool suite is provided to facilitate the modeling of these exercises. Furthermore, a systematic engineering process is detailed for the design of the multimodal input chain of interactive systems, enabling the integration of heterogeneous devices and their coherent exploitation. These contributions are validated through two case studies: a muscle strengthening application and the Shape Sorter Drum Task, which demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and the correspondence between therapeutic objectives, task models, and actual implementation.Altogether, this work provides a unified approach linking therapeutic prescription, modeling, and technical development, ensuring improved traceability and greater reusability of rehabilitation systems.L'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) constitue un enjeu majeur de santé publique, responsable de séquelles fonctionnelles durables nécessitant une réadaptation structurée et personnalisée. La réadaptation post-AVC s'inscrit dans une démarche dite " centrée objectifs ", où les thérapeutes définissent avec le patient des buts de vie quotidiens, déclinés en sous-objectifs et en exercices adaptés. De nombreux systèmes interactifs ont été développés pour soutenir ce processus, mais leur conception demeure le plus souvent ad hoc, limitée à des cas spécifiques et difficilement réutilisable dans la pratique clinique.Cette thèse repose sur l'hypothèse qu'il est possible de systématiser la conception de systèmes interactifs de réadaptation post-AVC en intégrant leur ingénierie au sein même du processus centré objectifs. Elle s'attaque à trois défis principaux : la formalisation des exercices thérapeutiques de manière complète et non ambiguë, l'intégration systématique de l'ingénierie logicielle dans le processus clinique, et la conception d'architectures capables de gérer la diversité des périphériques d'interaction, y compris non standards.Pour répondre à ces enjeux, la thèse propose une extension du processus centré objectifs spécifiquement appliqué à la réadaptation, incluant une version outillée qui intègre l'ingénierie des systèmes interactifs. Elle développe également une méthodologie permettant d'étendre la notation de modélisation de tâches HAMSTERS afin de décrire de façon exhaustive les exercices de réadaptation, et introduit trois extensions spécifiques couvrant les dimensions perceptives, cognitives et motrices. Une extension de la suite outillée HAMSTERS est proposée afin de faciliter la modélisation de ces exercices. Par ailleurs, un processus d'ingénierie systématique est détaillé pour la conception de la chaîne d'entrée multimodale des systèmes interactifs, permettant l'intégration de périphériques hétérogènes et leur exploitation cohérente. L'ensemble de ces contributions est validé au travers de deux études de cas : une application de renforcement musculaire et le Shape Sorter Drum Task, qui démontrent la faisabilité de l'approche et la correspondance entre objectifs thérapeutiques, modèles de tâches et implémentation effective.Ces travaux offrent ainsi une approche unifiée reliant prescription thérapeutique, modélisation et développement technique, assurant une meilleure traçabilité et une réutilisabilité accrue des systèmes de réadaptation
