Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Unveiling Social Structures within the Iberian Neolithization Process: Insights fromHuman depictions in Spanish Levantine Rock Art
No full textInternational audienceIn the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, the Levantine Rock Art paintings portray a variety of scenesrelated to economic and social activities. The degree of naturalism of these images, particularly incertain phases of their sequence, provides key insights into material culture as well as thesignificance of certain activities within the communities that produced them.A major challenge, particularly in relation to the early Neolithic of the Iberian Peninsula, lies inreconstructing how these first farming societies were organized, and in assessing possible evidenceof emerging social inequality. The archaeological record, particularly with regard to funerarycontexts, is scarce, limiting our ability to infer mechanisms of individual and collective identity thatmight point to significant social distinctions within these groups. These difficulties are furthercompounded when attempting to integrate gender as a social construct, which may have played acrucial role in shaping disparities in economic and social roles.Levantine Rock Art, where human figures are prominently featured, constitutes a valuable source ofinformation for examining the social identities of men and women, as well as the roles they may haveheld in different spheres of community life.In this communication, we will thus provide an archaeo-anthropological analysis of Levantine humandepictions, with the aim of inferring evidence regarding the social organization. To this end, we willconsider both temporal aspects, related to the potential stylistic sequence of human figures andterritorial factors, taking into account the boundaries of each stylistic horizon and their areas ofinfluence. This approach will offer a diachronic and regional perspective, highlighting elements ofcontinuity and change at various scales
« Diamants » et « bouquets » oubliés. Le traitement bibliographique des keepsakes romantiques
No full textInternational audienceLes keepsakes, recueils de textes en vogue sous la monarchie de Juillet, possèdent un statut éditorial ambivalent. Associés à la saisonnalité des fêtes de fin d’année, ces volumes sont avant tout définis par le raffinement de leurs caractéristiques matérielles – illustration abondante, cartonnages en satin, décors à plaques. Tout en jouant un rôle non négligeable dans la diffusion du romantisme, ces recueils anthologiques font pourtant très tôt l’objet d’une dépréciation critique qui tient vraisemblablement à la fois à l’auctorialité plurielle et contrainte qu’ils mettent en jeu et à la féminisation progressive du personnel scripturaire qui leur est associé. À travers l’étude de quelques bibliographies spécialisées, cet article s’intéressera aux mécanismes de délégitimation susceptibles d’expliquer le statut ambivalent des keepsakes dans l’historiographie littéraire du xixe siècle
QT Interval, Antipsychotics and Correlates Among Patients with Schizophrenia: Cross-Sectional Data from the Multicentric Real-World FACE-SZ
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The life expectancy of patients with schizophrenia is reduced, partly due to cardiovascular diseases. Antipsychotics are associated with QT interval prolongation, which is a risk factor for arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. The differences between antipsychotic with regard to QT interval prolongation are not well understood.Objective: The aim was to compare the QT values associated with different antipsychotics within a real-world population of subjects with clinically stable forms of schizophrenia.Methods: The FACE-SZ cohort comprises subjects with psychotic disorders, referred to schizophrenia expert cents. QT interval was measured, as well as all treatments (psychotropic and others). The following maintenance treatment for schizophrenia was analysed cross-sectionally: aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, amisulpride, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone. Age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, blood potassium levels, and the co-prescription of another QT-prolonging treatment were used as adjustment factors in multivariable linear regression analyses.Results: Among 792 patients, the mean corrected QT (QTc) interval in the sample of patients under monotherapy was 407 ms. The mean age was 31.7 years, and the majority were male (73.3 %). In comparison to the rest of the sample, clozapine was associated with a longer QTc interval (β = 0.012, 95% CI [0.006-0.018]), while aripiprazole was significantly associated with a shorter QTc interval (β = - 0.010, 95% CI [- 0.016 to - 0.005]). Other antipsychotics were not associated with significant variations of the QTc.Conclusions: The prescription of antipsychotics should always be accompanied by close monitoring of the QTc interval to prevent the risk of severe cardiac arrhythmia, particularly concerning clozapine
La province corruptrice, le mos maiorum, la loi et le bon dirigeant
No full textInternational audienceWhy did Roman misbehaviour in the provinces, marked by excesses and abuses of power, become a topos from the end of the 2nd century BC? The cases preserved in the sources show that this was more than just a discourse to justify certain laws or to delegitimise a political rival. Behind the cliché there were deviant practices that need to be explained and whose effects need to be examined. It all seems to have started with the 2nd Punic War, which led to an imbalance in relations between the people and certain rulers who were seen as saviours who could free themselves from certain constraints. The temptation to transgress became all the stronger with the development of overseas provinces, far from the control of the Senate and the gaze of peers and citizens, and because the governor’s entourage often supported him. As a result, the censorial regimen morum proved incapable of curbing the misconduct of promagistrates, and recourse had to be had to trials and regulations. Conflicts over this legislation and the courts led to a gradual criminalisation of misconduct in the provinces, thus redesigning the figure of the good ruler.Pourquoi la mauvaise conduite des Romains dans les provinces, marquée par leurs excès et leurs abus de pouvoir, devint-elle un topos dès la fin du IIe siècle avant J.-C. ? Les cas conservés par les sources montrent qu’il ne s’agissait pas que d’un discours pour justifier certaines lois ou pour délégitimer un rival politique. Derrière le cliché il y avait des pratiques déviantes qu’il faut expliquer et dont il faut examiner les effets. Tout semble commencer avec la 2e guerre punique qui entraîna un déséquilibre dans les relations entre le peuple et certains dirigeants considérés comme des sauveurs qui pouvaient s’affranchir de certaines contraintes. La tentation de la transgression se fit d’autant plus forte avec le développement de provinces ultramarines, loin du contrôle du Sénat et du regard des pairs et des citoyens, que la suite du gouverneur était souvent solidaire de celui-ci. Le regimen morum censorial s’avéra par conséquent incapable de juguler les mauvaises conduites des promagistrats et il fallut recourir aux procès et aux réglementations. Les conflits autour de cette législation et des tribunaux entraînèrent une criminalisation progressive des mauvaises conduites en province, redessinant ainsi la figure du bon dirigeant
Une classification des techniques de manipulation utilisées dans les attaques d’ingénierie sociale et les biais cognitifs, les besoins, les normes et les émotions sous-jacents
No full textInternational audienceThis survey addresses the critical challenge of social engineering attacks in cybersecurity, offering a detailed classification of manipulation techniques and an exploration of the cognitive processes they exploit. We identify 40 distinct manipulation techniques by integrating insights from social and cognitive psychology literature, focusing on cognitive biases, social norms, individual needs, and emotions. Our analysis reveals that techniques frequently employ cognitive biases such as the halo effect and individual needs like the need for affiliation to deceive users. We provide practical examples of how these techniques manifest in phishing and spear-phishing campaigns, underscoring their relevance to current cybersecurity threats. Our findings underscore the necessity for cybersecurity defenses that incorporate psychological insights, aiming to enhance user awareness and resilience against these sophisticated attacks. This survey lays the groundwork for future research and practical applications in combating social engineering, ultimately contributing to the fortification of information systems against human-centric vulnerabilities
A spectrotemporal modulation application for distinguishing modal and whistled speech
No full textInternational audienceMachine learning procedures have become efficient at using acoustic information to distinguish modal speech, but their application on other speech modalities remains largely overlooked. Operating under the hypothesis that non-spoken speech classification requires a more robust acoustic analysis in which to train models, this study applies a spectrotemporal modulation (STM) analysis to examine its effectiveness at distinguishing modal and whistled Spanish speech. A linear mixed effects model revealed that in comparison to modal speech, whistled speech had significantly increased spectrotemporal modulations generally above 1 cycles per octave. Features identified as significantly relevant for distinguishing speech modalities were extracted, and an automatic speech modality classification task was developed. STM-and MFCC-feature models performed similarly, boasting weighted accuracy performances of 92% and 94%, respectively. Although an STM analytical approach had not previously been applied to whistled speech, our results support existing evidence on its acoustic characteristics. Moreover, our findings have key implications for using STM-features for automatic speech modality classification tasks, as it reduced the feature space at little cost to performance
The NPIS Model: A Standardized, Consensus-Based Framework for Evaluating Non-Pharmacological Interventions
No full textBackground. The term non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) refers to health prevention and care protocols supervised by healthcare professionals. However, no precise and widely adopted definition currently exists. Additionally, unlike drugs, NPIs lack a global evaluation framework due to the absence of consensus among stakeholders, driven by the heterogeneity of intervention content and study protocols. This heterogeneity limits scientific impact, hinders dissemination and continuous improvement of practices, and contributes to significant mistrust among professionals and users. Method. From 2022 to 2023, we conducted a consensus study, collaborating with over 1,000 stakeholders—including researchers, healthcare users, healthcare practitioners, health operators, scientific societies and health authorities—to co-construct a NPI definition along with a framework for evaluating NPIs that aligns with their specific characteristics and international health research standards. This framework—the NPIS Model—was developed under the guidance of a multidisciplinary committee of 22 experts through iterative, open, and documented exchanges across four stages: i) creation of an initial list of ethical and methodological items by a committee of 70 members, ii) refinement of this list by a committee of 300 members, iii) open voting on each item by 503 voters, and iv) consultation with 36 scientific societies and 14 health authorities. Findings. We reached a consensus defining an NPI as an "evidence-based, effective, personalized, non-invasive health prevention or care protocol, registered and supervised by a qualified professional". Based on this definition, we developed the NPIS Model, which includes 77 recommendations for evaluating NPIs—14 ethical and 63 methodological. Each recommendation received at least 80% agreement among voters. The recommendation are categorized into five types of studies: mechanistic, observational, prototypical, intervention, and implementation. To date, the NPIS Model has been endorsed by 31 scientific societies and three health authorities. Interpretation. The NPIS Model promotes transparency, methodological rigor, ethical standards, and transferability for NPI research, increasing the value of NPIs for researchers, healthcare practitioners, healthcare users, and health authorities
Habiter à l'ombre des forêts -hybridités, amours et amitiés écopoétiques dans trois films contemporains
No full textInternational audienceThis article develops an ecopoetical analysis of forest spaces in Kelly Reichardt’s First Cow, Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s Blissfully yours, and Thomas Cailley’s Animal Kingdom. These films explore the possibility of dwelling in the woods – even temporarily – as well as the filmic forms that take on this type of relation to the forest. By fleeing different kinds of violence, the characters in these films find the forest to be a place within which reinventing human and other-than-human contacts and encounters is once again possible. Beyond a simple refuge or shelter, the filmmakers’ ecopoetic approches reveal the forest as an entanglement of foliage and plant materials that protect, under the opacity of these tangles, the possibility of inventing inhabiting relationships : friendship, erotic, hybridity.Cet article interroge les espaces forestiers dans First Cow de Kelly Reichardt, Blissfully yours d'Apichatpong Weerasethakul et Le règne animal de Thomas Cailley dans une perspective écopoétique. Ces films s'attachent à explorer la possibilité d'habiter la forêt, même provisoirement, et les formes filmiques qui prennent en charge cette modalité de relation à la forêt. Fuyant diverses formes de violence, les personnages de ces films trouvent dans la forêt un lieu où réinventer des contacts et des rencontres avec des présences humaines, animales et végétales. Au-delà d'un simple refuge ou abri, l'approche écopoétique des cinéastes révèle la forêt comme un espace constitué d'enlacements qui protègent, dans l'opacité du feuillage et des enchevêtrements végétaux, la possibilité de déployer des relations habitantes -amitié, érotique, hybridité. Mots-clefs : forêt, écopoétique du cinéma, relation humain/autre-qu'humain, habiter, formes filmiques contemporaines