Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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The Impact of Racial Congruence Between Instructor and Learner on Memorization Outcomes in a Virtual Reality Environment
No full textInternational audienceThe interaction between teachers and learners is crucial for knowledge transmission and socio-emotional development. Studies have shown that ethnic congruence between teachers and students can enhance the sense of belonging, academic performance, and motivation, especially among female students. Furthermore, racial stereotypes and perceived discrimination also influence the perception of teachers' competencies, with varying effects depending on specific ethnic groups. Virtual reality (VR) offers a way to study these dynamics by controlling variables, but empirical research is still limited. It is therefore observed that multiple variables can influence the outcomes of racial congruence between students and teachers, highlighting the importance of identifying and measuring these impacts within a virtual reality context to better understand the impact of these factors in education. This study investigated the impact of racial congruence between instructors and learners on memorization outcomes within a virtual reality (VR) environment. Participants (N = 29) were randomly assigned to interact with either a racially congruent or incongruent virtual instructor while undergoing safety training in a virtual construction site. Results indicated that participants in the racially congruent condition demonstrated significantly better memorization scores compared to those in the incongruent condition. These findings highlight the potential of VR for investigating the nuances of social dynamics in educational settings and emphasize the importance of representation in learning environments
Le chantier de la bibliothèque comme dispositif d’accompagnement du changement : une documentation connivente pour interroger le rapport du temps et de l’espace.
No full textInternational audienceWith the aim of reflecting on the symbolic and social dimensions of ephemeral times and spaces, we wish to explore a way to make various forms of documents related to the mediation of renovation projects of cultural and knowledge spaces interact. Our anthropological approach emphasizes the library as a living space to experiment with the heuristic power of documentation as a tool for supporting change.Dans le but d’une réflexion de la dimension symbolique et sociale des temps et espaces éphémères, nous souhaitons interroger une manière de faire dialoguer diverses formes de documents liés à la médiation de chantiers de rénovation des lieux de culture et de savoirs. Notre approche anthropologique met l’accent sur la bibliothèque en tant que lieu de vie pour expérimenter la puissance heuristique de la documentation comme accompagnement du changement
Colorants biosources pour une industrie de la couleur textile plus verte : cas de la synthèse enzymatique PILI©
No full textInternational audienceCe papier porte sur le procédé biotechnologique développé par l'entreprise PILI©, la synthèse enzymatique à partir de carbone renouvelable pour la production de molécules colorantes. Ce procédé innovant permet la production de colorants biosourcés, visant la réduction de l'empreinte environnementale de l'industrie de la couleur. Reposant sur les biotechnologies et des procédés hybrides alliant fermentation industrielle et chimie verte, l'entreprise produit aujourd'hui des gammes de couleurs performantes dédiées aux applications les plus polluantes : textiles, encres, polymères, peintures et revêtements. L'étude repose sur une revue de la littérature qui a permis d'établir un diagnostic des dernières innovations dans l'industrie textile française et la production de colorants biosourcés, identifiant ainsi le procédé développé par l'entreprise PILI © et de déterminer les freins, leviers et perspectives applicatives du procédé développé
Selection of the fittest or selection of the luckiest: the emergence of Goodhart's law in evolution
No full textBiological evolution depends on the passing down to subsequent generations of genetic information encoding beneficial traits, and on the removal of unfit individuals by a selection mechanism. However, selection acts on phenotypes, and is affected by random contingencies. Thus, a combination of fitness and luck determines which individuals will successfully reproduce and give rise to the next generation. To understand how randomness in the selection mechanism affects the long-term patterns of evolution, we studied an idealized evolution model. We show through simulations and mathematical analysis, that the speed of adaptation increases with increasing selection pressure only up to a threshold. Beyond the threshold, any increase of the selection pressure results in more weight given to random effects rather than on genetic fitness in determining which individuals will successfully reproduce. This severely reduces the speed of adaptation and the diversity in the gene pool. Our findings may be considered as a biological instance of Goodhart's law: "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure". Finally, we show that this intricate response of evolution to natural selection can be mathematically explained by a novel phase transition for pulled traveling waves
The Existence of Stealth Corrections in Scientific Literature—A Threat to Scientific Integrity
No full textInternational audienceStealth corrections are post-publications changes, without providing any indication that the publication was temporarily or permanently altered. We found a total of 131 published articles altered by stealth corrections, across different scientific fields. Stealth corrections must end immediately as they threaten scientific integrity. We recommend: Public logging of all post-publication changes, clear definitions and guidelines, and sustained vigilance to report stealth corrections
Inscrire l’événement dans une logique écosophique ? Les arts prennent la parole
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ConSim: Measuring Concept-Based Explanations’ Effectiveness with Automated Simulatability
No full textInternational audienceConcept-based explanations work by mapping complex model computations to human-understandable concepts. Evaluating such explanations is very difficult, as it includes not only the quality of the induced space of possible concepts but also how effectively the chosen concepts are communicated to users. Existing evaluation metrics often focus solely on the former, neglecting the latter. We introduce an evaluation framework for measuring concept explanations via automated simulatability: a simulator's ability to predict the explained model's outputs based on the provided explanations. This approach accounts for both the concept space and its interpretation in an end-to-end evaluation. Human studies for simulatability are notoriously difficult to enact, particularly at the scale of a wide, comprehensive empirical evaluation (which is the subject of this work). We propose using large language models (LLMs) as simulators to approximate the evaluation and report various analyses to make such approximations reliable. Our method allows for scalable and consistent evaluation across various models and datasets. We report a comprehensive empirical evaluation using this framework and show that LLMs provide consistent rankings of explanation methods. Code available at https://github.com/AnonymousConSim/ConSim
Conception et réalisation d'un système de détection de chute avant impact au sol : IA embarquée et micro-actionneur pyrotechnique
No full textNational audienceThis multi-disciplinary research project presents a low-power, portable, on-board system for detecting pre-falls in the elderly, in order to protect them by deploying an airbag. The original detection system requires only a single triaxial accelerometer and uses gas-generating energetic composites. In operation, it is an on-board AI (CNN or SNN) that decides whether or not to initiate combustion of the energetic material to generate the gas. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of a lightweight, miniature on-board system (in place of gas cylinders) to protect elderly people from falls, while increasing comfort.Ce travail de recherche multidisciplinaire présente un système embarqué portable de faible puissance dédié à la détection de pré chute des personnes âgées afin de les protéger grâce au déploiement d'un airbag. L'originalité du système de détection ne requiert qu'un seul accéléromètre triaxial et utilise des composites énergétiques générateurs de gaz. Dans fonctionnement, c'est une IA embarquée (CNN ou SNN) qui décide d'initier ou pas la combustion du matériau énergétique pour générer le gaz. Ces travaux ont démontré la faisabilité d'un système embarqué léger et miniature (à la place des bouteilles de gaz) pour protéger les personnes âgées des chutes tout en augmentant ainsi le confort
