Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Entre émotions et résistances : les formes d’agentivité des professionnels du CRCDC-OC face à la régionalisation
No full textInternational audienceThe regionalization of the Regional Centers for Cancer Screening Coordination (CRCDC) in 2019, initiated by the French National Cancer Institute and the Ministry of Health, profoundly transformed the organization of cancer screening in France. Rooted in the logic of New Public Management (Bessières, 2010; Gardère, 2012), this reform led to the standardization of practices, the centralization of decision-making, and a loss of autonomy for public health communication professionals. In the case of CRCDC Occitanie, these changes resulted in a dispossession of expertise, a lack of recognition, and work-related suffering linked to a loss of meaning (Maurel, 2010) and professional devaluation (Foli, 2009).Based on a methodological triangulation combining semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and institutional document analysis, this study examines the agency of communication professionals facing organizational constraints: how do they continue to act, adapt, and sometimes circumvent institutional prescriptions? Particular attention is paid to the emotions expressed or restrained by actors, understood as both a heuristic tool for analyzing the organization’s health (Martin-Juchat, 2014; Foli, 2009) and a driver of agency, enabling professionals to reconstruct meaning and reconfigure their professional identities.Findings show that, far from being mere executors, communicators deploy adaptation strategies such as reclaiming local communication practices, mobilizing informal networks, creating unofficial materials tailored to local needs, and engaging in parallel innovative projects. Among these initiatives, the co-construction of a serious game on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention (2022–2025), developed with researchers, physicians, and students, exemplifies a form of professional empowerment (Morlet-Haïdara, 2023). This playful and participatory approach allows actors to regain a sense of agency, experiment with new forms of health communication (Grosjean, 2022; Argyris & Schön, 2001), and reintroduce emotional and reflexive dimensions into their practices.This research thus highlights how health communication professionals recombine their activity within a rigid institutional framework: emotion emerges both as a revealer of organizational tensions and as a lever for innovation and professional reconfiguration.La régionalisation des Centres Régionaux de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers (CRCDC) en 2019, décidée par l’Institut National du Cancer et le Ministère de la Santé, a profondément transformé l’organisation du dépistage en France. Inscrite dans la logique du New Public Management (Bessières, 2010 ; Gardère, 2012), cette réforme a entraîné une standardisation des pratiques, une centralisation du pouvoir décisionnel et une perte d’autonomie pour les professionnels de la communication en santé publique. Dans le cas du CRCDC Occitanie, ces évolutions se traduisent par une dépossession de l’expertise des communicants, une perte de reconnaissance et une souffrance au travail liée à la perte de sens (Maurel, 2010) et à la dévalorisation du métier (Foli, 2009).Cette étude, fondée sur une triangulation méthodologique (entretiens semi-directifs, observations participantes et analyse documentaire), interroge l’agentivité des communicants face aux contraintes organisationnelles : comment continuent-ils à agir, adapter, voire contourner les prescriptions institutionnelles ? L’analyse accorde une attention particulière aux émotions exprimées ou contenues par les acteurs, envisagées comme un outil heuristique pour comprendre la santé de l’organisation (Martin-Juchat, 2014 ; Foli, 2009) et comme un moteur d’agentivité leur permettant de reconstruire du sens et de reconfigurer leur rôle professionnel.Les résultats montrent que, loin d’être de simples exécutants, les communicants déploient des stratégies d’adaptation : réappropriation de la communication locale, mobilisation de réseaux informels, production non officielle de supports adaptés aux besoins des publics, et investissement dans des projets parallèles innovants. Parmi ces initiatives, la co-construction d’un serious game de prévention des papillomavirus (2022-2025), élaboré avec des chercheurs, médecins et étudiants, illustre une forme d’empowerment professionnel (Morlet-Haïdara, 2023). Ce dispositif ludique permet aux acteurs de regagner du pouvoir d’agir, d’expérimenter de nouvelles formes de communication en santé (Grosjean, 2022 ; Argyris & Schön, 2001) et de réintroduire une dimension sensible et réflexive dans leurs pratiques.Ainsi, cette recherche met en lumière la manière dont les communicants recomposent leur activité face à la rigidité institutionnelle : l’émotion devient à la fois un révélateur des tensions organisationnelles et un levier d’innovation et de reconfiguration professionnelle
Comment transférer les résultats de la recherche ? L'exemple d'une plateforme interactive pour soutenir les pratiques inclusives des professionnels de la formation et de l'insertion
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Le dispositif numérique EarlyBot : évaluation de son acceptabilité par des Etablissements d’Accueil du Jeune Enfant: Acceptabilité du dispositif numérique EarlyBot
No full textThe French National Strategy for Autism within Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) promotes systematic identification of the warning signs of autism and other NDD in young children, to encourage “early intervention even before diagnosis”. The French Recommendations for Good Practice in Autism Screening and Diagnosis state that “all early childhood professionals must pay particular attention to the development of social communication in all children”. Early childcare and education providers (ECEPs) are therefore identified as key players in the child's screening process. The EarlyBot digital device has been developed to support ECEPs in monitoring the development and screening of children in Early Childhood Centers (ECCs) in a standardized, systematic and longitudinal way.Two pilot studies were conducted to assess the acceptability of the EarlyBot device among ECEPs working in ECCs and to identify benefits and obstacles associated with its use. Acceptability of the device was assessed using an acceptability scale, an attractiveness survey and focus groups with potential users from 23 ECCs in the first study, and with users from 18 ECCs who had tested the device for 6 months in the second study. Results show that professionals find it relevant and fundamental to carry out systematic and longitudinal observations within their ECC. Potential users perceive the device as easy to use and useful in their daily screening practice. While users confirm these findings, they also indicate that daily use of EarlyBot has enabled them to acquire knowledge and skills in NDD’s screening. While potential users were worried about talking to parents about their children's difficulties, users report that EarlyBot has helped them to talk more calmly and effectively with parents. However, there are still a number of obstacles that cannot be attributed to the device (ECCs understaffed, organizational difficulties, absence of a referral doctor.The results of this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of setting up a digital, standardized, systematic and longitudinal development monitoring system for ECEPs within ECC. However, a number of limitations not inherent to the device’s operation remain to be resolved, to enable ECEPs to respond effectively to their screening missions.La Stratégie nationale pour l’Autisme au sein des Troubles du Neurodéveloppement (TND) promeut un repérage systématique des signes d’alerte de l’autisme et des autres TND chez les jeunes enfants pour favoriser la mise en œuvre « des interventions précoces avant même le diagnostic ». Les Recommandations françaises de bonnes pratiques pour le dépistage et le diagnostic de l’autisme préconisent que « tout professionnel de la petite enfance doit porter une attention particulière au développement de la communication sociale chez tous les enfants ». Les professionnels de la petite enfance sont donc identifiés comme des acteurs clés du parcours de dépistage de l’enfant. Le dispositif EarlyBot a ainsi été développé dans le but de soutenir les professionnels dans le suivi du développement et le dépistage des enfants accueillis en Etablissements d’Accueil de Jeunes Enfants (EAJE) de manière standardisée, systématique et longitudinale. Deux études pilotes ont été menées afin d’évaluer l’acceptabilité du dispositif EarlyBot auprès des différents professionnels des EAJE et d’identifier les bénéfices et les freins liés à son utilisation. L’acceptabilité du dispositif a été évaluée à l’aide d’une échelle d’acceptabilité, d’un questionnaire d’attractivité et d’utilité et de focus groups auprès d’utilisateurs potentiels de 23 EAJE dans une première étude, et auprès d’utilisateurs de 18 EAJE ayant expérimenté le dispositif pendant 6 mois dans une deuxième étude. Les résultats montrent que les professionnels trouvent pertinent et fondamental de procéder à des observations systématiques et longitudinales au sein de leur EAJE. Les utilisateurs potentiels perçoivent l’outil comme étant facile d’utilisation et utile dans leur pratique quotidienne de dépistage. Si les utilisateurs confirment ces données, ils indiquent également que l’utilisation quotidienne d’EarlyBot leur a permis d’acquérir des connaissances et des compétences dans le dépistage des TND. Alors que les utilisateurs potentiels appréhendaient les échanges avec les parents sur les difficultés de leurs enfants, les utilisateurs indiquent qu’EarlyBot leur a servi de support pour échanger plus sereinement et plus efficacement avec les parents. Toutefois, des freins non imputables au dispositif persistent (sous-effectif des EAJE, difficultés organisationnelles, absence de médecin référent). Les résultats de cette recherche pilote mettent en évidence la faisabilité de la mise en œuvre d’un dispositif numérique, standardisé, systématique et longitudinal de suivi du développement par les professionnels de la petite enfance dans les EAJE. Toutefois, des limites non inhérentes au fonctionnement du dispositif restent primordiales à résoudre afin de permettre aux professionnels des EAJE de répondre efficacement à leurs missions de dépistage
Surrogate Modeling and Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Complex Systems: A Workflow for Automated Simulation Exploration
No full textComplex systems are increasingly explored through simulation-driven engineering workflows that combine physics-based and empirical models with optimization and analytics. Despite their power, these workflows face two central obstacles: (1) high computational cost, since accurate exploration requires many expensive simulator runs; and (2) limited transparency and reliability when decisions rely on opaque blackbox components. We propose a workflow that addresses both challenges by training lightweight emulators on compact designs of experiments that (i) provide fast, low-latency approximations of expensive simulators, (ii) enable rigorous uncertainty quantification, and (iii) are adapted for global and local Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) analyses. This workflow unifies every simulation-based complex-system analysis tool, ranging from engineering design to agent-based models for socio-environmental understanding. In this paper, we propose a comparative methodology and practical recommendations for using surrogate-based explainability tools within the proposed workflow. The methodology supports continuous and categorical inputs, combines global-effect and uncertainty analyses with local attribution, and evaluates the consistency of explanations across surrogate models, thereby diagnosing surrogate adequacy and guiding further data collection or model refinement. Additional contributions include an algorithmic workflow for coupling designs of experiments, emulator training, uncertainty propagation, and explanation generation, together with guidelines for selecting surrogate families under computational and interpretability constraints. We demonstrate the approach on two contrasting case studies: a multidisciplinary design analysis of a hybrid-electric aircraft and an agent-based model of urban segregation. Results show that the surrogate-XAI coupling enables large-scale exploration in seconds, uncovers nonlinear interactions and emergent behaviors, identifies key design and policy levers, and signals regions where surrogates require more data or alternative architectures. These elements advance scalable, trustworthy, and explainability-driven automated machine learning for complex-system simulation and design exploration
Motion-selective cortical network is preserved in maculopathy patients
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies on animal models suggested that visual areas involved in motion processing could undergo important cortical reorganizations following damages to the central part of the retina. This could have major implications for patients suffering from macular degeneration (MD), the leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Here, we perform fMRI recordings in a group of maculopathy patients (including individuals suffering from age-related macular degeneration or from the Stargardt Disease) and in a group of age- and gender-matched controls to determine whether such reorganizations also exist in humans. We used an experimental protocol based on random-dot kinematograms (RDKs) classically employed to characterize motion-selective areas in the brain. To ensure that the visual information processed by the two groups was equivalent, the visual field in each control participant was masked using an artificial scotoma directly derived from clinical measurements in their paired patient. We found that in MD patients, translational motion elicited significant and robust activations in a restricted cortical network which included the human V5/MT+ complex (hMT+), areas V3A and V6 and a portion of primary visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) connected to peripheral vision. Importantly, the same patterns of responses were also observed in control participants. Moreover, the extent and strength of activation within these motion-selective areas did not differ significantly between the two groups. Altogether, these results suggest that in humans, the motion-selective network does not undergo significant cortical reorganizations following the onset of MD
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on motor rehabilitation
No full textInternational audienceMotor rehabilitation aims to help people after stroke to gain optimal motor functioning, independence and quality of life. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides updated, evidence-based support for clinical practice in six agreed critical areas: dose for upper limb and gait therapy, high-intensity gait training, effect of therapy transfer package, group versus individual therapy and sit-to-stand training. The guideline was developed according to ESO standard operating procedures and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Expert consensus statements are provided where a GRADE recommendation cannot be made due to insufficient evidence. For therapy dose, very low quality evidence supports a weak recommendation to provide an additional minimal dose of 20 h of repetitive upper limb practice to improve arm capacity. For gait, expert consensus suggests that an additional minimal dose of 20 h of walking practice could be beneficial for walking capacity. For high-intensity gait training, moderate quality evidence supports a strong recommendation for high-intensity gait training to improve walking endurance in people with chronic stroke and stable cardiovascular status, while low quality evidence supports a weak recommendation for improving walking speed. An expert consensus suggests using a transfer package when providing upper limb task-specific training to enhance transfer to daily life. For group therapy, a weak recommendation based on very low quality evidence suggests that task-specific group-based therapy is non-inferior to individual therapy for improving balance, gait speed and walking endurance. A weak recommendation based on moderate quality evidence suggests additional sit-to-stand training to improve balance
An Automated and Intelligent Interface Embracing Process Awareness into User Workspace
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an AI-augmented framework for automated and intelligent process monitoring, addressing the inefficiencies of manual progress reporting in Process Management Systems (PMS), which leads to potential inaccuracies and consumes valuable user time. Our research proposes a novel solution that bridges users’ workspaces and PMS, enabling automatic progress reporting based on users’ actions within their preferred tools. The core innovation of our framework pMage lies in employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to analyze and interpret sequences of user actions, translating them into accurate task progress updates, which significantly reduce manual input and enhance the accuracy of the reporting, thus making the integration of a PMS smoother and more effective. We demonstrate our framework’s applicability through a case study that uses pMage to monitor a brake system manufacturing process with our prototype. As a smart interface, pMage provides a no-code solution to connect a wide range of user applications to various PMS via their respective APIs. This versatility ensures broad applicability across different organizational contexts and toolsets. Our AI-augmented framework offers a more reliable, efficient, and user-friendly approach than existing monitoring methods
