Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Les communautés interprétatives ou comment approcher la notion de "contextes"
No full textInternational audienceCet article interroge la notion de contexte en didactique du français comme élément essentiel de toute situation d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Ana Dias-Chiaruttini montre que les phénomènes didactiques doivent être compris dans leur inscription spatiale, temporelle, institutionnelle et socioculturelle. En s’appuyant sur la théorie des communautés interprétatives de Fish, elle analyse la réception des textes et des œuvres à l’école et au musée, où l’interprétation se construit collectivement au sein de cadres institutionnels et communicationnels. Elle propose un modèle de la situation didactique articulant trois univers — communicationnel, épistémique et institutionnel — pour rendre compte de la manière dont les contextes influencent la construction des savoirs, les pratiques d’enseignement et la formation des sujets lecteurs
Results from an Australopithecus africanus dental enamel fragment confirm the potential of palaeoproteomics for South African Plio-Pleistocene fossil sites
No full textInternational audienceThe southern African Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene hominin record is abundant and exhibits a high taxonomic diversity with three genera represented: Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo. Hominin fossil diversity and variation are often contextualised within other fossil assemblages or modern/extant counterparts. However, the incompleteness of the fossil record, sample selection bias and taphonomic condition of the specimens themselves constrain interpretations of diversity and variation within and between species. Thus, species identification and the nature of the observed variation are frequently debated. Palaeoproteomics can help improve our understanding of taxonomic variation, as demonstrated by the recently generated proteome of Paranthropus specimens from Swartkrans. Here, we demonstrate protein preservation for an A. africanus specimen from Sterkfontein Member 4, Sts 63, using minimally invasive analysis, and identify it as belonging to a male individual. We then discuss some of the current limitations of palaeoproteomics and how we can potentially overcome them. Although it is still in its infancy for Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossils, palaeoproteomics has the potential to help unravel the causes of observed morphological variation. Lastly, we strongly believe that the involvement of African researchers at all levels of this research, including leadership, is of great importance
Le pois carré français dans l'alimentation humaine : quels freins et leviers à l'adoption par toutes et tous d'un nouvel aliment dit "durable" ?
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The influence of fine motor skills and executive functions on automatized handwriting
No full textInternational audienceWe aimed to explore the understudied area of typical adult handwriting performance, focusing on the potential predictive roles of fine motor skills and executive functions. While the initial stages of handwriting acquisition are assumed to rely upon executive functions and fine motor skills, the two components are no longer viewed as needed in automatized, expert handwriting. We tested this assumption by assessing the contributions of these components to handwriting performance in a group of 33 adult participants. Linear regressions were used to examine whether dexterity, manual praxis, working memory, inhibition and flexibility predict handwriting speed, legibility, and fluency. Results revealed that fine motor skills were a significant contributor to all aspects of handwriting performance. Executive functions also predicted handwriting performance, with a significant effect of flexibility on writing speed and of working memory on legibility. These findings highlight that, even at a high level of expertise and automatization, handwriting remains a skill whose performance depends on executive and fine motor control capacities. They support a predictive coding account of graphomotor control, whereby internal forward and inverse models would support the execution and monitoring of handwriting movements. Our study raises important questions about the extent to which disorders in motor and executive processes can affect handwriting performance and highlights the need for further research into this complex motor behavior
Interactions between the perception of agri-environmental performances and multi-Criteria evaluation based on crop model simulations in southwestern france
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Measurement of the refractive index modulation induced by Quantum Confined Stark Effect for active metasurfaces realisation.
No full textInternational audienceAchieving an active optical index modulation in materials is an enabling asset for the realisation of active metasurfaces.Ideally the modulation should be large and ultra-fast and without adding losses to the system.Multiple simulation works already showcase how high reflectivity and fine phase tuning could be obtained with semiconductor nano-resonators [1,2].It is thus interesting to concentrate our efforts of refractive index modulation for this kind of materials.The Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) is an ultrafast electro-optic effect which has been studied for some times already [3].It is known to induce changes in the absorption of a structure near the gap by tuning transition energies.At wavelengths larger than the bandgap, it is possible to have an ideally null absorption but still achieve a finite refractive index modulation.Inserting those active components in highly resonant structures, one can fabricates highly reflective active metasurfaces with ultra-fast tunability.An active metasurface exploiting such an electrooptic index modulation has been published in 2019 by Atwater teams [4].In this work, a PIN-type structure was used to apply an electric field in the quantum wells. An index modulation of 0.01 was expected but not directly measured.In this study, we present the design of a NIN-type, GaAs/AlGaAs structure and its refractive index electro-modulation at wavelengths below the band-gap.Ellipsometric measurements of the structure are used to precisely determine the different optical properties of the structure.These parameters are used to model the reflectivity modulation that can be induced by a refractive index modulation.These predictions are then compared to the experimentally measured reflectivity modulation induced by an external electric bias.A refractive index variation as high as 0.02 was deduced from measurements at wavelengths in the QW transparency range. This value is in good agreement with theoretical predictions of the Stark effect (Nextnano simulations).This refractive index variation measurement in electroreflection is an important milestone for the conception and development ofactive full dielectric metasurfaces exploiting the intrinsic speed of QCSE optical index modulation.[1]: M. Elsawy et al., Laser & Photonics Review, 2023, 10.1002/lpor.202200880[2]: B. Yang et al., Optics Express, 2025, 10.1364/OE.563702[3]: Y. Kan et al., IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1987, 10.1109/jqe.1987.1073288[4]: P. C. Wu et al., Nature Com., 2019, 10.1038/s41467-019-11598-
