Animo Repository - De La Salle University Research
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Classroom interaction and social-emotional learning competencies among preschool children with and without disabilities in Pampanga
No full textThis study explored the classroom interactions of preschool children with and without disabilities in inclusive settings in Pampanga. The research investigated how these interactions influenced the development of social-emotional learning skills and competencies, focusing on children aged 3 to 5 years enrolled in three private preschools. The study aimed to determine the impact and gains from inclusive classrooms for children with and without disabilities, raise awareness about the need for educator support, and inform policy improvements regarding inclusive practices in the Pampanga region. It examined teacher practices, classroom environments, and individual student differences to understand their impact on interactions and social-emotional learning development.
The study utilized Creswell\u27s case study methodology, which enabled the collection of data that consisted of anecdotal records of observed interactions between teachers and children over three months, online survey questionnaires, and a pre-test and post-test checklist from the CASEL Social Emotional Framework. This framework established a baseline of the children\u27s self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and decision-making skills. The data were analyzed through descriptive and thematic analysis as well as triangulation techniques. The results revealed two key factors: the profile of teachers and their approaches and the role of the classroom environment in facilitating inclusive interactions, with sub-themes encompassing both the physical and social environments. The researcher identified key themes describing how interactions occurred, namely social engagement, teacher support and facilitation, and peer interactions, all of which were supplemented by the sociograms. Additionally, the development of SEL competencies indicated that both children with and without disabilities acquired numerous competencies, particularly in self-awareness and social awareness, within the inclusive classroom setting. The findings contributed to a deeper understanding of inclusive education in the Pampanga context and offered insights for enhancing SEL development in preschool children. The study concluded that while children without disabilities might have had a firmer grasp of social-emotional skills at the outset, children with disabilities were able to make significant gains in these areas when given the opportunity to interact and learn within an inclusive classroom environment
The lived experience of Filipino siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Transitioning from the COVID-19 pandemic to the post-pandemic period
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of people with special needs and their families worldwide. Families of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in particular, were found to experience more distress compared to other disabilities before and during the pandemic. Among the members of the family, the siblings of individuals with Autism (SOIAs) are often overlooked. Studies show that they also experience a set of challenges that should be further explored. With the dawn of the post-pandemic, SOIAs also went through a transition. The current study utilized an Interpretative Phenomenological Approach to understand the lived experience of adult siblings of individuals with ASD transitioning from the COVID-19 pandemic to the post-pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and a thematic analysis of the responses was done. Two superordinate themes were found: (1) Kapatid Lamang Ako, and (2) Kapatid Pa Rin Ako. Five subordinate themes were also found: Ako, and Ako Naman, which fell under the first superordinate theme. Responsibilidad Ko Para Sa Kapatid Ko, Bukas Namin, and Lugar Ko, fell under the second superordinate theme. The family systems theory and the concept of the tagasalo role were discussed in relation to the study’s findings. Future interventions may benefit from involving other family members and addressing sibling-sibling and sibling-parent dynamics. Approaches such as family systems therapy, art therapy, support groups, and programs focused on knowledge acquisition and skill development may be incorporated into intervention efforts
Fighting for the Filipino workers\u27 rights: A history of the TUCP and party, 1975-2017
No full textThe famous Greek playwright Sophocles once declared, “Without labor, nothing prospers,” encapsulating the essential role that labor plays in society and the economy. Workers are not only indispensable to production, but they also form the backbone of economic development. When workers are empowered and their rights upheld, they contribute significantly to economic prosperity. Conversely, when they are exploited, underpaid, or denied basic rights, it can hinder company operations and even affect national stability. This thesis explores the evolution of labor unionism in the Philippines, focusing specifically on the rise and role of the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) and its political arm, the TUCP Party, within the socio-political and economic landscape from 1975 to 2017.
The research employs the New Institutionalism framework, which emphasizes the role of institutions in shaping political behavior and social norms. This is combined with a descriptive-analytical method, enabling an in-depth study of historical labor conditions and contemporary union practices. Interviews with current and former TUCP leaders and legal experts enrich the findings, including insights from Congressman Mendoza and Attorneys Vince Camillon and Hernan Nicdao.
Labor unionism in the Philippines has a long and tumultuous history. During the Spanish colonial era, Filipino workers were subjected to forced labor (polo), building structures such as churches and bridges with little or no compensation. Only Spanish officials and aristocrats were exempt due to their ability to pay tributes. Unfortunately, the system was heavily abused, and Filipino laborers suffered grave injustices.
Under American rule , conditions did not improve significantly. Workers continued to experience low wages, unsafe environments, and insufficient rest. However, the early 1900s saw a surge in labor activism. In 1902, Isabelo de los Reyes established the Union Obrera Democratica Filipina (UODF), the country’s first labor union center. A year later, the Philippines celebrated its first Labor Day on May 1, with over 100,000 workers rallying for better pay, working conditions, rights, and an end to U.S. imperialism.
After World War II, the Philippines faced widespread economic devastation. Factories and businesses had been destroyed, and workers endured the same poor labor conditions seen in the American era. The emergence of the Cold War led to the rise of communist and socialist labor organizations such as the PKP (Communist Party of the Philippines) and KMU (May First Movement). These groups gained support among workers but faced severe backlash from the government, including arrests and repression, especially during Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos.
It was within this context that the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) was born. Founded on December 14, 1975, by Roberto S. Oca and Democrito T. Mendoza, the TUCP aimed to unify union members across the country and protect them from political persecution. Unlike more militant labor organizations, the TUCP favored peaceful negotiations and collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) to resolve disputes. The TUCP stood for equal rights, fair wages, decent working conditions, and the reinforcement of the national labor movement.
Recognizing the need for political representation, the TUCP established its party-list, the TUCP Party, on January 4, 2004. This followed earlier unsuccessful attempts in the 1998 and 2001 elections. The party aimed to give laborers a voice in Philippine Congress, where issues of employment, wage fairness, anti-contractualization, and consumer protection could be addressed legislatively. Despite the presence of agencies like the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), many labor issues persisted, highlighting the necessity for direct labor representation in national policy-making.
The scope of this thesis is deliberately focused on the years 1975 to 2017, beginning with the foundation of the TUCP and ending one year into President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration, following the TUCP Party\u27s successful run in the 2016 elections. This time frame was chosen to track the union’s transformation from a grassroots labor movement into a political entity with legislative power, providing a unique lens through which to view institutional labor reform.
However, the limitations of the study must be acknowledged. While the labor movement in the Philippines is broad and multifaceted, this thesis concentrates solely on the TUCP and TUCP Party. Numerous labor laws and initiatives not directly linked to the TUCP are excluded, as are developments beyond 2017. The interviews were also limited to a select number of individuals affiliated with the TUCP, with particular emphasis on the insights provided by Congressman Mendoza and key legal advisors.
Additionally, while the TUCP Party has proposed many bills and resolutions over the years, not all of them relate strictly to labor issues. This study selectively analyzes relevant legislative efforts, rather than presenting an exhaustive discussion of the party’s entire political output.
In conclusion, this thesis presents a historical and institutional analysis of labor unionism in the Philippines, particularly through the lens of the TUCP and its evolution into a political representative of labor. From colonial exploitation to post-war recovery, to active engagement in Congress, the story of the TUCP reflects both the challenges and triumphs of Filipino workers. The study reinforces the essential idea that for a nation to progress, its labor force must be protected, empowered, and given a voice in shaping its own future
Transitional justice in the Philippines: A murphyean analysis of the PCHR
No full textThe Philippines has a long history of human rights atrocities and violations, highlighted by the Philippine Martial Law Era which was declared in 1972. During this time, one of the primary perpetrators of said atrocities was the Marcos administration, which was headed by former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Sr. As such, especially during a time of recurrence of these atrocities thanks to the recent expositions regarding the extrajudicial killings during the Duterte administration, it is imperative to analyze why transitional justice measures in the past pertaining to martial law failed. The nonperformance of the measures taken in the past may perhaps be indicative of what can be improved on in order to guarantee the non-recurrence of such atrocious acts. This paper analyzed the functions and powers of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights (PCHR) through a Murphyean lens of what a transitional justice measure ought to be like. Colleen Murphy’s framework is that which revolves around the notion of a just pursuit of societal transformation; that is, the transformation of the ways of interaction among citizens, and between citizens and officials. This paper found section 5d of the PCHR to be problematic, and the entity would have failed regardless of the challenges that impeded its success in the past. Additionally, the paper addressed the said problematic functions and powers of the PCHR, which deemed such to be an unjust TJ response to the atrocities committed during the martial law. Lastly, this paper put forward recommendations for the improvement of the said entity such as the reinstatement of section 4b of the PCHR into the CHR and the omission of section 3.8 of the CHR, which is the same as section 5d of the PCHR’s functions and powers, as the CHR assumed all functions and powers of the PCHR when the latter was abolished due to the new 1987 constitution
Evaluation of the Mother Tongue Program of DLSU IS
Full text linkIn 2012, DepEd Order 74 s. 2009 or Institutionalizing Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) was mandated, requiring all schools to use the mother tongue as a medium of teaching and learning (MOTL) starting SY 2012-2013. However, Republic Act 12027 reverted to Filipino and English as the MOTL in all schools, making the use of the mother tongue optional. This study was conducted as an evaluation of one private school’s implementation of the MTB-MLE program. This also supports SDG 4, Quality of Education, aiming to reduce inequality in education by allowing students to learn using the language they know best. Five program components were evaluated namely choice of language, quality of learning materials, quality of instruction, quality of teacher training, and teacher competence. The language attitudes of parents and teachers were also examined. The study used a mixed-method design to analyze data from class observations, surveys, and interviews among teachers, parents, and administrators. Purposive sampling was used, with ethical considerations ensuring informed consent and data privacy. Results of the study indicated that the school performed well in four program components, teachers and parents favored English as the medium of instruction, and the school\u27s implementation deviated from DepEd mandates, notably in language mapping and prescribed teaching strategies. The study highlights the crucial role of teachers, the challenges of incorporating local culture in materials, and the need for contextually appropriate language mapping. Enhanced teacher training and improved instructional materials are recommended to address complex concepts in the mother tongue and foster stakeholder collaboration
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Shells as Floor Decker
Full text linkThe economy struggles with pollution and climate change due to cement’s high CO2 emissions and the waste of agricultural byproducts like groundnut shells. This research introduces a cost-effective, eco-friendly floor decking alternative for wood which is made from peanut shells, cutting material costs and carbon footprints for local industries. The floor decker’s capacity to endure heavy loads, resist wear and tear, and remain durable in various environmental conditions fill the gap in existing researches that often ignores these essential performance factors. This study was conducted to utilize peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells as a floor decker specifically in terms of flexural strength and water resistance. The researchers utilized the experimental research method in carrying out this study along the descriptive quantitative approach. This research was conducted by students from the Science High School Curriculum of Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La Union - Junior High School in the School Years 2023 to 2025 to seek the utilize peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells as floor decker. The researchers computed for the mean and used t-Test in treating the data. It was concluded that the lower the amount of peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) shells in the formulation, the higher the flexural strength in floor deckers, making it desirable for usage. Furthermore, the peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) shells performs similarly in water resistance. It was recommended that the floor decker industry may use the floor decker for indoor and outdoor flooring, such as bathroom and pool tiles