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Journal of economic policy researches
No full textIn this study, an intellectual relationship endeavour is constituted between Lachmann and Veblen through the lens of institutions. Their mutual perspective lies in their efforts to understand economics through institutions, diverging from orthodox neoclassical economics. Simultaneously, the authors share a similarity in their ways of defining institutions. The foundations ofinstitutions, as conceived by Lachmann in the plans within the human mind and the institutions expressing Veblen's habits of thoughts and life, are closely aligned. This proximity established through institutions also provides an opportunity to address the enduring problem ofthe actor-structure dilemma in social theory. In other words, the article offers a different resolution to the ongoing debate between methodological individualism and methodological holism in social theory through the developed connection between Lachmann and Veblen. Furthermore, the hermeneutic approach, which has found limited traction in economics, persists firmly with Lachmann and Veblen. The hermeneutic approach, overt in Lachmann and more implicit in Veblen, presents another possibility for establishing an intellectual relationship between the two scholars
Intestinal endometriosis amongst other extra-pelvic endometriosis foci presenting as acute/subacute bowel obstruction in women of reproductive age: a retrospective case series study
No full textBackground: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinicopathological correlates of intestinal endometriosis, amongst other extra-pelvic endometriosis foci, presenting as bowel obstruction in general surgery practice. Methods: A total of 23 female patients (mean ± SD age: 34.9 ± 6.5 years) who underwent abdominal surgery for acute bowel obstruction and received histopathological diagnosis of endometriosis were included in this retrospective case-series study. Data on patient characteristics, obstetric history, preoperative laboratory and imaging findings, preoperative provisional diagnosis, type of surgical intervention and the pathological diagnosis, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Results: Definitive diagnoses on histopathological work-up involved intestinal endometriosis (52.2%), scar endometriosis (26.0%), ovarian endometriosis (13.0%) and inguinal endometriosis (8.7%). Postoperative complication, reoperation and recurrence rates were 8.7%, 8.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. Intestinal endometriosis, when compared to other extra-pelvic endometriosis foci (scar and inguinal), was associated with significantly higher preoperative platelet counts (332.0(284.0-528.0)vs. 239.0(223.0-370.0) 103/µL, p = 0.010), lower albumin levels (4.0(2.7–4.7) vs. 4.5(4.2–4.9) g/dL, p = 0.029), higher rates of preoperative CT utilization (91.7% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001) and emergent surgery (83.3% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001) and longer LOS (median 4.5 (1.0–26.0) vs. 1.0(1.0–1.0) days, p = 0.001) along with a non-significant tendency for higher postoperative complication (16.7% vs. 0.0%) and ICU stay (25.0% vs. 0.0%) rates. Conclusion: Our findings revealed intestinal endometriosis, predominantly in the terminal ileum/appendix, was the most common extra-pelvic cause of acute bowel obstruction. The scar endometriosis, inguinal endometriosis and ovarian endometriosis appeared to be other potential but less prevalent aetiologies in this setting
Monetary policy and credit channel in Turkish economy
No full textBu tez, parasal aktarım mekanizmasının kredi kanalı aracılığıyla makroekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Parasal aktarım mekanizması, merkez bankalarının para politikası uygulamalarının ekonomi genelinde nasıl iletildiğini açıklarken, özellikle faiz oranları, kredi arzı ve likidite koşulları gibi unsurların işlevini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kredi kanalı, faiz oranlarındaki değişimlerin bankacılık sistemi aracılığıyla kredi arzı üzerinde nasıl bir etki yarattığını ve bunun enflasyon oranı, toplam krediler ve kişi başına reel GSYH gibi temel makroekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki yansımalarını analiz etmektedir. Özellikle faiz oranlarının artması, bankaların kredi verme kapasitesini daraltarak özel sektör yatırımlarını ve tüketim düzeyini sınırlandırmakta; buna karşılık faiz oranlarının düşmesi ise kredi hacmini genişleterek ekonomik aktiviteyi canlandırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kredi kanalı, para politikasının toplam talep üzerindeki etkisini derinleştiren temel aktarım mekanizmalarından biri olarak işlev görmektedir. Bu çerçevede, para politikası kararlarının enflasyon, kredi hacmi, büyüme oranı ve gelir dağılımı gibi göstergeler üzerindeki etkilerinin analizi, kredi kanalı üzerinden değerlendirilmekte; böylece para politikasının makroekonomik denge üzerindeki belirleyici rolü somut biçimde ortaya konulmaktadır.This thesis investigates the effects of the monetary transmission mechanism on key macroeconomic indicators through the credit channel. The monetary transmission mechanism explains how central banks’ monetary policy actions are transmitted throughout the economy, emphasizing the role of factors such as interest rates, credit supply, and liquidity conditions. In this context, the credit channel focuses on how changes in interest rates influence banks’ lending capacity and how this, in turn, affects core macroeconomic indicators such as the inflation rate and total credit volume, real GDP per capita. In particular, an increase in interest rates tends to constrain banks' ability to extend credit, thereby suppressing private sector investment and consumption expenditures; conversely, a decrease in interest rates expands credit supply and stimulates economic activity. Accordingly, the credit channel serves as a key mechanism that amplifies the effects of monetary policy on aggregate demand. Within this framework, the impact of monetary policy decisions on inflation, credit growth, economic output, and income distribution is analyzed through the lens of the credit channel, thereby revealing the central role of monetary policy in shaping macroeconomic equilibrium
Incidental diagnosis of castleman disease during coronary artery bypass surgery: A case report
No full textOptimization of extraction conditions of some bioactive components derived from different mulberry leaves and evaluation of edible film production
No full textTez çalışması üç kısımdan oluşup ilk kısmında beyaz dut (Morus alba), kara dut (Morus nigra) ve mor dut (Morus rubra) yapraklarından elde edilen ekstratların biyoaktif özellikleri değerlendirilmiş ve beyaz dut yaprağının (BDY) (α-amilaz, α-glikozidaz, DPPH, CUPRAC) en yüksek biyoaktivite sonuçlarına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ardından BDY’nin ekstraksiyon koşulları Cevap Yüzey Yöntemiyle optimize edilmiş ve modele göre en yüksek verimin (Deoksinojirimisin: 6,8 mg DNJ/ g kuru dut yaprağı) 40°C sıcaklıkta %90 etanol ve %0,5 fosforik asitle yapılan ekstraksiyonda elde edildiği belirlenirken süre parametresi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında %2-4-6-8 oranlarında BDY ekstraktı ve %8 fibroin içeren yenilebilir kaplama materyalleri geliştirilmiş ve kaplama çözeltilerinin biyoaktivite analizleri (toplam fenolik madde (TFM) içeriği, antioksidan, antidiyabetik ve antimikrobiyal etkinlik) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü kısmında BDY(%2-4-6-8) içeren fibroinli (%8) kaplamalar, Ata Sarısı (AS) ve Red Globe (RG) çeşiti sofralık üzümlere uygulanarak üzümler 4 ve 21°C’de 20 gün boyunca muhafaza edilmiştir. Depolamanın 0, 5, 10, 15 ve 20. günlerinde üzümlere biyoaktivite (TFM, antioksidan kapasite, antidiyabetik aktivite, in vitro glisemik indeks) ve raf ömrü (görsel değişim, kaplama kalınlığı, ağırlık, kabuk mukavemeti ve elastikiyet, renk, briks, pH, toplam titre edilebilir asitlik, toplam canlı aerobik mezofilik bakteri sayımı ve duyusal değerlendirme) analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, üzümlerin BDY ekstraktı ile kaplanmasının antidiyabetik etkinlik göstermede ve üzümün glisemik indeksini azaltmada etkili bir yöntem olabileceğini ve soğukta (4°C) depolamanın bu etkileri artırdığını göstermektedir. Özellikle RG-8-4 en uygun seçenek (TFM: 225,44 mg GAE/100g üzüm, CUPRAC: 73,24 μmol TE/100g üzüm; α-amilaz:%42,37, α-glikozidaz: %53,65, Gİ:46,25) olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın son kısmında kaplama materyalleri ile aynı formulasyonda (%2-4-6-8 BDY ve %8 fibroin) yenilebilir filmler üretilmiş ve filmlerin karakterizasyon analizleri (yapı, optik, renk, kalınlık, mikroyapısal, termal, kristal, su buharı ve oksijen geçirgenliği, mekanik özekkiler) gerçekleştirilmiştir. BDY eklenen filmlerin şeffaf, düşük su buharı geçirgenlikli mekanik ve mikroyapısal özelliklerinin kaplama uygulamaları için uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.In this thesis, extracts from white (Morus alba), black (Morus nigra), and red (Morus rubra) mulberry leaves were evaluated for their bioactive properties. Among them, white mulberry leaf (WML) showed the highest bioactivity based on α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, CUPRAC). Extraction conditions for WML were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. The highest yield of deoxynojirimycin (6.8 mg DNJ/g dry leaf) was obtained at 40 °C, using 90% ethanol and 0.5% phosphoric acid, while extraction time had no significant effect. In the second phase, edible coatings were formulated with 8% fibroin and 2–4–6–8% WML extract. These coatings were analyzed for total phenolic content, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activity. In the third part, the coatings were applied to Ata Sarısı (AS) and Red Globe (RG) table grapes and stored at 4 °C and 21 °C for 20 days. Grapes were analyzed at five intervals for bioactivity (TPC, antioxidant capacity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, in vitro glycemic index) and shelf life indicators (weight, firmness, color, brix, pH, acidity, microbial count, and sensory properties). Coated grapes, especially RG-8-4, showed strong antidiabetic effects and a reduction in glycemic index, with enhanced stability at 4 °C (TFM: 225.44 mg GAE/100g grapes, CUPRAC: 73.24 µmol TE/100g grapes; α-amylase: 42.37%, α-glycosidase: 53.65%, GI: 46.25). In the final phase, edible films with the same composition were produced. These were characterized for structural, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties, demonstrating potential as active food packaging materials. It has been determined that the transparent, low water vapor permeability mechanical and microstructural properties of BDY added films are suitable for coating applications
Turkey’s sea geopolitics in 21th century within the perspective of sea power theory
No full textİbn-i Haldun’un “coğrafya kaderdir” ifadesinden yola çıkılarak günümüz modern Türkiye’sinin jeopolitiğine bakıldığında, Anadolu’nun düşünülenin aksine sade bir kara parçası olmadığı; aksine bir deniz coğrafyası olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Ne var ki Anadolu coğrafyasının binlerce yıllık sahibi olan Türk milleti, Orta Asya kültürünün vermiş olduğu kara toplumu olmasının da etkisiyle, esasen bir deniz ülkesi olan Anadolu’yu uzun yıllar kara sınırlarına hapsetmiştir. Oysa Anadolu coğrafyası, binlerce yıldan beri üç denizin kesişme noktasında olması ve doğal su yollarına sahip bulunması nedeniyle gerçekte bir deniz ülkesidir. Modern zamanlarda kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti özellikle geçen onlarca yıldan beri bu durumun farkına nihayet varmış, geç de olsa deniz ülkesi olma yolunda adımlarını atmaya başlamıştır. Konu itibariyle Türkiye’nin deniz politikalarının gelişimi ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Hukuksal, askeri ve ticari boyutta ele alınarak incelendiği günümüze kadar ki gelen süreçte, Türkiye’nin büyük bir deniz gücü olma yolundaki ilerlemesi, teorik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Tezde, jeopolitik teoriler perspektifinden Türkiye’nin 21. yüzyıldaki mevcut durumu analiz edilmiştir. Mahan’ın Deniz Hakimiyeti Teorisi ele alınarak temellendirilen bu çalışma, Türkçe literatürdeki eksikliğin giderilmesine katkı sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın her aşamasında Türkçe ve yabancı literatür güncel olarak taranmış ve konuya ilişkin kaynak olarak kitaplar, makaleler ile güncel haberler ve internet siteleri kullanılmıştır.Based on Ibn Khaldun's statement that "geography is destiny", when we look at the geopolitics of today's modern Turkey, it can be argued that contrary to popular belief, Anatolia is not simply a piece of land; on the contrary, it is a maritime geography. However, the Turkish nation, the owner of Anatolian geography for thousands of years, has confined Anatolia, which is essentially a maritime country, to its land borders for many years due to the effect of being a land society given by the Central Asian culture. However, the geography of Anatolia is actually a maritime country, as it has been at the intersection of three seas for thousands of years and has natural waterways. The Republic of Turkey, which was founded in modern times, has finally realized this situation, especially in the past decades, and has started to take steps towards becoming a maritime country, albeit belatedly. In terms of subject matter, the development of Turkey's maritime policies has been examined. Turkey's progress towards becoming a great naval power has been evaluated from a theoretical perspective in the process up to today, when it has been examined in legal, military and commercial dimensions. Turkey's progress towards becoming a great maritime power has been evaluated from a theoretical point of view. Turkey's current situation in the 21st century has been analyzed from the perspective of geopolitical theories. This study, which is based on Mahan's “Maritime Dominance Theory”, contributes to filling the gap in Turkish literature. At every stage of the study, Turkish and foreign literature has been scanned and books, articles, current news and internet sites have been used as sources on the subject
Neurosociology in global and national perspective: An analysis of studies in Turkey and a vision for the future
No full textBu çalışma, nörososyolojinin kapsamını, tarihsel gelişimini ve Türkiye'deki uygulamalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nörososyoloji, bireylerin beyin işleyişi ile toplumsal davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırarak sosyal bilimler ile sinirbilimi birleştiren disiplinler arası bir alandır. Araştırma, literatür taraması ve bibliyometrik analiz yöntemleri birleştirilerek karma bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Google Scholar, Web of Science ve DergiPark veri tabanlarından "nörososyoloji", "toplum ve beyin", "ayna nöronlar" anahtar kelimelerle yapılan taramalar sonucu, son 30 yılda yayımlanmış akademik makaleler, kitaplar ve raporlar incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar tematik olarak sınıflandırılarak nörososyolojinin temel kavramları, biyolojik mekanizmaları ve Türkiye’deki uygulama alanları analiz edilmiştir. Nörososyoloji, insan davranışlarını biyolojik ve toplumsal yönleriyle ele almaktadır. Ayna nöronların empati, toplumsal normların öğrenilmesi ve sosyal etkileşimlerde önemli rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Çevresel faktörlerin beyin yapısını şekillendirdiği ve bireylerin sosyal çevrelerinden güçlü şekilde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de nörososyoloji eğitimde sosyal öğrenme süreçleri, siyasette seçmen davranışları ve pazarlamada tüketici karar mekanizmaları gibi alanlarda önem kazanmaktadır. Ancak, disiplinlerarası iş birliği eksikliği, nörobilimsel tekniklerin yüksek maliyeti ve akademik farkındalığın düşük olması, alanın gelişimini sınırlamaktadır. Nörososyoloji, toplumsal etkileşimlerin beyin üzerindeki etkilerini anlamada kritik bir alan olup, Türkiye’de nörososyolojinin gelişimi için akademik farkındalığın artırılması, disiplinlerarası çalışmaların teşvik edilmesi ve nörobilimsel araştırmalara finansal destek sağlanması gerekmektedir.This study explores the scope, history, and applications of neurosociology in Türkiye. Neurosociology is an interdisciplinary field that combines social sciences and neuroscience to examine the connection between brain function and social behavior. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a literature review and bibliometric analysis. Academic databases Google Scholar, Web of Science, and DergiPark were searched using keywords “neurosociology," "society and brain," and "mirror neurons." Studies published in the last 30 years were reviewed, classified by theme, and analyzed in terms of key concepts, biological mechanisms, and applications in Türkiye. Neurosociology looks at human behavior from both a biological and social perspective. Mirror neurons are key in empathy, learning social norms, and interactions. Environmental factors shape brain structures and influence people through social experiences. In Türkiye, neurosociology is becoming more relevant in areas like education, politics, and marketing. However, challenges include limited collaboration between disciplines, high costs of neuroscientific methods, and low academic awareness. Neurosociology helps us understand how social interactions affect the brain. To support its growth in Türkiye, raising academic awareness, encouraging interdisciplinary studies, and providing financial research support is important
Size dependent dynamics of a bi-directional functionally graded nanobeam via machine learning methods
No full textThis study explores the lateral vibration behavior of bi-directional functionally graded nanobeams using a combination of semi-analytical and machine learning approaches. The semi-analytical method uses the Fourier sine series and Stokes' transform for the deflection function of a bi-directional functionally graded nanobeam constrained by elastic springs at both ends and considers nonlocal modified couple stress theory to account for size effects. In the last step of the method, an eigenvalue problem is derived and the resulting frequency values are then used to train machine learning models, including extreme gradient boosting (XGB), artificial neural networks (ANN) and decision tree regression (DTR). The models' ability to predict the nanobeam's natural frequencies is evaluated using metrics like R-2, MAE, MAPE, RMSE, and the A20-index, alongside visual tools such as scatter plots, radar plots, and Taylor diagrams. The results indicate that ML models can accurately predict the natural frequencies of a bi-directional functionally graded nanobeams when provided with sufficient training data. In particular, ANN demonstrated exceptional generalization capability by achieving the highest R-2 and the lowest MAE, MAPE, and RMSE on both the training and testing datasets. The impact of various effects on vibration frequencies is detailed through a series of graphs and tables
Transverse vibration of an embedded nanotube made of functionally graded porous material based on NSGT
No full textThe present work focuses on examining the transverse vibration behavior of a functionally graded porous nanotube resting on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation, incorporating size-dependent effects and deform-able boundary conditions. An analytical approach based on nonlocal strain gradient theory is adopted, which accounts for small-scale effects through two distinct size parameters-one with a strengthening effect and the other with a weakening effect. For the first time, deformable boundary conditions are considered the functionally graded porous nanotube in this context. An eigenvalue problem is formulated using the Stokes' transform, with constant coefficients assigned to the springs, along with Winkler-Pasternak foundation coefficients, material properties, and scale parameters. The resulting characteristic equation is solved analytically for various values of foundation stiffness, elastic spring parameters, strain gradient, and nonlocal effects to determine the system's vibration frequencies. A comparative assessment with earlier research is conducted to validate the findings, confirming their accuracy. Then, the effects of small-scale parameters, volume fraction index, deformable boundaries, elastic foundation, rotary inertia and porosity density are discussed
Does the use of denosumab in combination with bdmards or tsDMARDs increase the risk of infection in patients with osteoporosis and inflammatory rheumatic diseases?
No full textBackground/Objectives: The combination of denosumab treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) may raise safety concerns for clinicians, particularly regarding infections. In this study, we investigated whether the risk of infection increases in patients who receive bDMARDs or tsDMARDs for IRD and are simultaneously treated with denosumab for osteoporosis (OP). Methods: As a control group, we evaluated patients receiving bDMARDs or tsDMARDs concomitantly with zoledronic acid (ZA), which is not clearly associated with infections. A total of 88 patients-including 30 patients receiving bDMARDs or tsDMARDs with ZA and 58 patients receiving bDMARDs or tsDMARDs with denosumab-met the criteria and were included in this study. The groups were compared in terms of the ratio/risk of serious infections requiring hospitalisation and infections requiring outpatient treatment after applying the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to the control for confounding factors. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compare the risks of infection, taking confounding factors into account. Results: The mean age of patients in the ZA group was 59.07 years (+/- SD: 13.65), while that of patients in the denosumab group was 69.93 years (+/- SD: 11.72). Comorbidities occurred more frequently in the denosumab group (n = 44, 75.86%) than in the ZA group (n = 14, 46.66%). The median duration of medication use in the denosumab group was 24 months (minimum: 6 months; maximum: 72 months). The median duration of medication use in the ZA group was 24 months (minimum: 12 months; maximum: 60 months). When comparing the groups regarding the risk of infection, denosumab was not associated with an increased risk of either a serious infection requiring hospitalisation (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.37; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.14-0.94) or an infection requiring outpatient treatment (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.71). Conclusions: In conclusion, the combination of denosumab treatment with bDMARD or tsDMARD treatments is safe for short-term use