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Soil Organic Matter Across a Chronosequence of Cultivated Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
No full textEnvironmental Science and Sustainabilit
Reliability Score: A Computational Evaluation of Trustworthiness in Web-Based Articles
No full textInformatic
Prediction of compressive strengths of Portland cement with random forest, support vector machine and gradient boosting models
No full textThis study presents machine learning models to predict compressive strengths of 924 CEM I 42.5 R type Portland cements. Particularly the utilized machine learning algorithms are adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting and Categorical Boosting. For machine learning, collected data contained 15 input features that show the physical and chemical properties of the cements. The compressive strengths at 1, 2, 7 and 28 days were defined as the output parameters. Models for each hydration day were trained with 748 data points and tested with 176 data points. Then, compressive strength test results and machine learning predictions were compared using statistical methods such as R-squared, mean absolute percentage error and root-mean-square error. The results indicate that Gradient Boosting models, in particular, accurately predict compressive strength, demonstrating that it is possible to estimate compressive strength without mechanical tests. In our developed Gradient Boosting model, the RMSE accuracy exceeds 95%, further supporting its reliability. The developed machine learning models offer substantial savings in both time and cost for compressive strength estimation
Grace period in design law
No full textAB ve Türk hukukunda tasarımlar, yeni ve ayırt edici nitelikte olmak şartıyla korumadan yararlanmaktadır. Tescilli tasarımların başvuru veya rüçhan tarihinden önce kamuya sunulması kural olarak tasarımın yeniliğini ve ayırt edici niteliğini kaybetmesine yol açmaktadır. Ancak başvuru veya rüçhan tarihinden önceki on iki ay içinde tasarımcı, halefi ya da bu kişilerin izni ile üçüncü bir kişi tarafından veya tasarımcı ya da halefleri ile olan ilişkinin kötüye kullanımı sonucu kamuya sunulan tasarımların yeniliği ve ayırt edici niteliği etkilenmemektedir. Tescilli tasarımlar bakımından öngörülen on iki aylık bu süre, hoşgörü süresi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, tescilli tasarım korumasındaki on iki aylık hoşgörü süresinin AB ve Türk hukukundaki etki ve sonuçlarına ilişkin karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme yaparak farklılıkları ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmamızda ilk olarak tasarım kavramı ve tasarım hakkına ilişkin genel esaslar açıklanmıştır. Devamında ise tescilli tasarım korumasında hoşgörü süresine ilişkin AB ve Türk hukukundaki düzenlemeler ve uygulamalar; yenilik, ayırt edici nitelik ve kamuya sunma kavramları çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Son olarak hoşgörü süresinin aşılmasının AB ve Türk hukukunda yol açacağı sonuçlar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızın sonucunda, tasarımcı veya haleflerinin izniyle gerçekleşen kamuya sunumlar ile tasarımcı veya halefleri ile olan ilişkinin kötüye kullanımı sonucu gerçekleşen kamuya sunumların birbirine zıt durumlar olmasına karşın aynı hoşgörü süresine tabi tutulmasının makul olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.In EU and Turkish law, designs are protected provided they are new and have individual character. In principle, disclosure of designs before the date of application or priority causes losing their novelty and individual character. However, the novelty and individual character of designs disclosed by the designer, his successor in title or a third person authorized by these persons or as a consequence of an abuse in relation to the designer or his successor in title within twelve months preceding the date of the application or priority shall not be affected. This twelve-month period is referred to as grace period. The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the differences of effects and consequences of the twelve-month grace period in registered design protection in EU and Turkish law by a comparative examination. In our study, firstly, the concept of design and general principles of the design right were explained. Subsequently, the regulations and practices in EU and Turkish law regarding the grace period were examined within the frame of concepts of novelty, individual character and disclosure. Finally, the consequences of exceeding the grace period under EU and Turkish law were discussed. As a result of our study, it has been concluded that it is unreasonable to subject disclosures made with authorization of the designer or his successor in title and disclosures made as a consequence of an abuse in relation to the designer or his successor in title to the same grace period, despite these are two opposite situations
Machine learning for wind speed estimation
No full textFor more than two decades, computational analysis has been pivotal in expanding architectural capabilities, enabling sustainable design through detailed environmental analysis. Central to creating sustainable environments is the profound understanding of wind dynamics, which significantly influence comfort levels around buildings. Traditionally, wind tunnel experiments, in situ measurements, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been employed to assess wind speeds in urban settings. However, the advent of machine learning (ML) has introduced innovative methodologies that extend beyond these conventional approaches, offering new insights and applications in architectural design. This study focuses on evaluating pedestrian-level wind speeds using ML techniques, with a comparative analysis against traditional in situ measurements and CFD simulations. Our findings reveal that ML can predict wind speeds with sufficient accuracy for preliminary design phases. One of the primary challenges addressed is the integration of visual outputs from ML models with quantitative data, a necessary step to enhance model reliability and applicability. By developing novel techniques for this integration, our research marks a significant contribution to the field, benchmarking the effectiveness of ML against established methods. The results validate the ML model's capability to accurately estimate wind speeds, thereby supporting the design of more sustainable and comfortable urban environments
Apis mellifera caucasica ve Apis mellifera carnica ırklarına ait arı zehirlerinin (Apitoxin) antimikrobiyal etkisinin araştırılması
No full textKBUBAP-22-ABP-032The discovery of new therapeutic agents is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobial potential of apitoxin from Apis mellifera caucasica and A. m. carnica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was tested in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC-29212), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-27853) bacterial strains and a fungal pathogen (Candida albicans ATCC-10231). Using an electro stimulation technique, Apitoxin was extracted from honey bee colonies under standardized conditions between May 2022 and April 2023. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method and the results were compared with standard antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, itraconazole) to calculate the antibiotic equivalence of the apitoxins. Apitoxin from both subspecies showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects against all microorganisms tested. The highest activity was observed against E. coli, with inhibition zone diameters of 16.6±0.2 mm for A. m. caucasica and 17.0±0.2 mm for A. m. carnica (p0.05). The results indicate that apitoxin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and could be used as a therapeutic agent.Antimikrobiyal dirençle mücadelede yeni terapötik ajanların keşfi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Apis mellifera caucasica ve A. m. carnica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) alt türlerinden elde edilen apitoksinin antimikrobiyal potansiyeli, Gram-pozitif (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), Gram-negatif (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bakteri suşları ve bir fungal patojen (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) mikroorganizmalar üzerinde in vitro olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Mayıs 2022-Nisan 2023 tarihleri arasında standardize koşullarda yetiştirilen arı kolonilerinden elektrostimülasyon tekniğiyle apitoksin ekstrakte edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal aktivite disk difüzyon yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve sonuçlar standart antibiyotiklerle (ampisilin, vankomisin, trimetoprim-sülfametoksazol ve itrakonazol) karşılaştırılarak apitoksinlerin antibiyotik eşleniği hesaplanmıştır. Her iki alt türden elde edilen apitoksin, test edilen tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı doza bağımlı inhibitör etki göstermiştir. En yüksek etki E. coli’ye karşı gözlemlenmiş olup, inhibisyon zon çapları A. m. caucasica için 16,6 ± 0,2 mm ve A. m. carnica için 17,0 ± 0,2 mm olarak ölçülmüştür (p0.05). Sonuçlar, apitoksinin geniş spektrumlu antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip potansiyel bir terapötik ajan olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir.KBUBAP-22-ABP-03