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The effect of osteoporosis treatments on bone parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis
No full textAmaç: Çalışmamızda kronik böbrek yetmezliği ve osteoporozu olan hastalarda osteoporoz tedavileri ve kullanılan ilaçların etkilerini ve yan etkilerini kronik böbrek yetmezlik evresi dikkate alınarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Bilim Dalı Polikliniğine Ocak 2015 – Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında başvuran 43 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik bilgileri, biyokimyasal değerleri ve DXA verileri retrospektif olarak hastane bilgi yönetim sistemi aracılığıyla araştırılarak kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların %69,8‘inin kadın olduğu ve bunların %86,7‘sinin postmenopozal olduğu saptandı. Hastaların osteoporoz tedavi öncesi ve sonrası biyokimyasal değerlendirilmesinde böbrek fonksiyonlarında bir değişiklik olmadığı görüldü. Bisfosfonat tedavisi öncesi ve sonrası DXA verileri karşılaştırıldığında femur boyun KMY ve lomber total KMY‘nin arttığı görüldü. Tedavi alan hastaların KMY düzeylerine göre yanıt durumuna bakıldığında femur boyun için %92,7, femur total için %78, lomber total için %95,1‘inde tedaviye yanıt olduğu görüldü. Tedavi değişikliğine gidilen 9 hastanın DXA‘sı değerlendirildiğinde lomber total KMY‘de anlamlı artış saptandı (p=0,043). Hastalar D vitamini düzeyine göre (<20 IU ve ≥20 IU) gruplandırıldığında tedavi öncesi ve sonrası lomber total KMY'de her iki grupta istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış saptanırken gruplar arasında farklılık saptanmadı. İlaçların yan etkileri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, 4 hastada (%9,3) yan etki tespit edildi. Bu yan etkilerin tamamının GIS yan etkisi olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda evre 1-3 KBY bulunan osteoporozlu hastalarda osteoporoz tedavilerinin sağlıklı kişilere benzer uygulanmasının etkin olduğu ve yan etkilerin benzer olduğu saptanmıştır. Evre 4-5 hastalar ile ilaç intolerasyonu nedeniyle tedavi değişikliğine gidilen hastalarda da tedavilere KMY'de yanıt alınmıştır. D vitamini düzeyine göre hastaların tedavi yanıtlarında farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür.Objective: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effects and side effects of osteoporosis treatments and medications used in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and osteoporosis, considering the stage of chronic kidney failure. Materials and Methods: The study included 43 patients who were admitted to the Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of the Bursa Uludağ University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2015 and June 2024. The clinical data, biochemical values, and DXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) results of the patients were retrospectively investigated and recorded through the hospital's information management system. Results: It was determined that 69.8% of the patients were women, and 86.7% of these women were postmenopausal. In the biochemical evaluation of the patients before and after osteoporosis treatment, no change in kidney function was observed. When DXA data before and after bisphosphonate treatment were compared, an increase in femoral neck BMD and lumbar total BMD was observed. When the treatment response was evaluated based on BMD levels of treated patients, treatment response was seen in 92.7% of femoral neck, 78% of total femur, and 95.1% of lumbar total BMD. In the DXA assessment of 9 patients whose treatment was changed, a significant increase in lumbar total BMD was found (p=0.043). When patients were grouped according to vitamin D levels (<20 IU and ≥20 IU), a statistically significant increase in lumbar total BMD was observed in both groups before and after treatment, but no difference was found between the groups. Regarding drug side effects, 4 patients (9.3%) experienced side effects. It was observed that all of these side effects were gastrointestinal in nature. Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that applying osteoporosis treatments to patients with stages 1-3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) similarly to healthy individuals was effective, and the side effects were similar. In patients with stage 4-5 CKD or those who required a change in treatment due to drug intolerance, a response in BMD was also achieved. There was no difference in treatment response based on vitamin D levels among patients
Image-based food groups and portion prediction by using deep learning
No full textChronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension due to malnutrition can be prevented by following the appropriate diet, correct diet intake with correct measuring portion size, and developing healthy eating habits. Having a system that can automatically measure food consumption is important to determine whether individual nutritional needs are being met in order to accurately diagnose and solve nutritional problems, act quickly, and minimize the risk of malnutrition due to the cross-cultural diversity of foods. In this study, a deep learning system has been developed and implemented for automatically grouping and classifying foods. Dishes from Turkish cuisine were chosen as a sample for application and testing. The deep learning method used in this system is convolutional neural network (CNN) models based on image recognition. This study developed and implemented a deep learning system using CNNs to classify food groups and estimate portion sizes of Turkish cuisine dishes, achieving accuracy rates of up to 80% for food group classification and 80.47% for portion estimation with the inclusion of data augmentation
Evaluation of energy efficiency studies in base stations in Turkey
No full textMobil haberleşme sistemlerinin hızla gelişmesi ve hayatın her alanına nüfuz etmesiyle birlikte kesintisiz iletişimin sağlanması amacıyla baz istasyonu sayılarında hızlı artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Bu hızlı artışın enerji tüketimi üzerinde önemli bir etki yaratması nedeniyle enerji verimliliği kritik hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki baz istasyonlarında enerji verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik yürütülen uygulamaları saha verileri ve literatür bulguları ile incelemektedir. Yapılan incelemeler sonrası; yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ile %35-40, enerji tasarruflu ekipmanları ile %18-22, çevre dostu soğutma sistemleri ile %25-40 ve akıllı yönetim çözümleri ile %15-20 enerji tasarrufu sağlandığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada aynı zamanda yerli operatörlerin uygulamaları ve ilgili mevzuat çerçevesindeki gelişmeleri analiz ederek, sürdürülebilir bir iletişim altyapısı için atılması gereken adımlar vurgulanmıştır.With the rapid development of mobile communication systems and their penetration into all areas of life, there has been a rapid increase in the number of base stations in order to ensure uninterrupted communication. Due to significant impact of this rapid increase on energy consumption, energy efficiency has become critical. This study examines the applications carried out to increase energy efficiency in base stations in Turkey with field data and literature findings. Following the investigations, it was observed that renewable energy use resulted in 35-40%, energy-efficient equipment resulted in 18-22%, environmentally friendly cooling systems resulted in 25-40% and smart management solutions resulted in 15-20% energy savings. The study also analyses the practices of local operators and developments within the framework of relevant legislation, emphasizing the steps to be taken for a sustainable communication infrastructure
A comparative evaluation of two different models in early childhood education: International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme and the Maarif Model of early childhood education
No full textOkul öncesi eğitim, bireyin gelişiminde kritik bir dönemi kapsamakta olup, bu süreçte kullanılan eğitim programlarının niteliği büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de 2024 yılında güncellenerek yürürlüğe giren Maarif Modeli ve uluslararası düzeyde yaygın olarak uygulanan Uluslararası Bakalorya (IB) İlk Yıllar Programı (PYP), bu bağlamda dikkat çeken iki farklı eğitim modelidir. Bu araştırma, Maarif Modeli ile IB PYP’nin eğitim felsefeleri, pedagojik yaklaşımları ve uygulama süreçlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz ederek benzerlik ve farklılıklarını bulmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmış ve veriler, her iki programın resmi dokümanları incelenerek toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, her iki programın da beceri temelli ve öğrenci gelişimini destekleyici olduğu görülmüş, ancak pedagojik yaklaşımlar açısından farklılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Maarif Modeli, millî değerlere dayalı, esnek ve öğretmen rehberliğinde ilerleyen bir sistem sunarken, IB PYP öğrenci merkezli ve sorgulamaya dayalı esnek bir çerçeveye sahiptir. Bu araştırma, yeni uygulanmaya başlanan Maarif Modeli’nin güçlü ve gelişime açık yönlerini belirleyerek literatüre katkı sağlamayı ve Türkiye’deki okul öncesi eğitim politikalarına yönelik iyileştirme önerileri sunmayı hedeflemektedir.Early childhood education encompasses a critical period in an individual's development, and the quality of educational programs used during this process is of great importance. The Maarif Model, which was updated and implemented in Turkey in 2024, and the International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP), which is widely applied at an international level, are two distinct educational models that stand out in this context. This thesis aims to contribute to the identification of best practices in early childhood education by conducting a comparative analysis of the educational philosophies, pedagogical approaches, and implementation processes of the Maarif Model and the IB PYP. A case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in this study, and data were collected through an examination of the official documents of both programs. The research findings indicate that both programs are skill-based and support student development, yet they differ in their pedagogical approaches. While the Maarif Model offers a structured, teacher-guided system based on national values, the IB PYP provides a student-centered and inquiry-based flexible framework. This research aims to contribute to the literature by identifying the strengths and areas for improvement of the newly implemented Maarif Model and by offering recommendations for enhancing early childhood education policies in Turkey
Oled fabrication with zno and organic active layer integration
No full textIn this study, the 7B organic molecule was synthesized and employed as the active layer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). OLED devices were fabricated with Glass/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/7B/Al and Glass/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/7B/ZnO/Al architectures to investigate the role of ZnO as an electron transport layer (ETL) in device performance. Optical and electrical characterizations, including UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence (EL), and current density-voltage (J-V) measurements, were conducted. Results indicate that ZnO integration slightly reduces the turn-on voltage (from 5.95 V to 5.10 V), facilitating electron injection. However, ZnO does not significantly enhance charge transport or overall efficiency, functioning primarily as an interfacial modification layer rather than an efficient ETL. Additionally, ZnO exhibits effective hole-blocking layer (HBL) properties, preventing hole leakage towards the cathode and contributing to charge carrier confinement within the emissive layer. The EL and chromaticity analyses confirm that the device emits in the blue-green region (similar to 492 nm), making it suitable for display and lighting applications. Further improvements in charge balance and efficiency require alternative ETL materials or optimized interface engineering
Comparison of the in vitro effectiveness of some fungicides against botrytis cinerea in grapes
No full textBotrytis cinerea is a fungal pathogen that causes significant damage to table and wine grapes. Various chemicals are intensively sprayed to protect grapes from this fungal pathogen; however, this practice can significantly increase production costs and lead to residue risks during the production season. This study investigated the effectiveness and minimum effective application doses of commercial plant protection products containing different active ingredients in various formulations used to combat B. cinerea. The effectiveness of three licensed plant protection products (fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil) against a B. cinerea isolate was compared comparing these products, sold in various package sizes and at different prices, in controlling B. cinerea was investigated, assessing whether there was any difference between them. The study was conducted by incubating B. cinerea isolates in Petri dishes of 9-cm diameter containing potato dextrose agar. The diameter of the fungal colony was measured after 3-, 5-, and 7-day incubation periods. The results showed that the three active ingredients were effective at the recommended dose of 1000 ppm and at doses as low as 80 ppm. However, significant decreases in their effectiveness were detected at much lower doses of 40 and 20 ppm. The active ingredient pyrimethanil was the standout fungicide in terms of efficacy rates, package size, price stability, and time between the last application and harvest. The results of this study can help reduce production costs and residue risk
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Encorafenib+Pimasertib and Curcumin combinations on BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanism in Encorafenib-resistant malignant melanoma stem cells
No full textMalign melanom (MM); deri kanserleri arasında en ölümcül olanıdır ve Türkiye'de sık görülen 10 kanser türü arasında yer almaktadır. MM’de BRAF inhibitörleri ile hedefe yönelik tedavilere verilen yanıtların geçici olduğu ve neredeyse tüm hastalarda direnç mekanizması nedeniyle bir yıl içinde tümör nüksü geliştiği görülmüştür. Mevcut tez çalışmasında ikinci nesil BRAF inhibitörü olan Encorafenib dirençli A375-MM hücre hatlarının üretilmesi, Encorafenib direnç mekanizmasının kanser kök hücre (KKH) ile ilişkisinin tanımlanması ve Encorafenib, MEK inhibitörü Pimasertib ve AKT inhibitörü Curcumin kombinasyonlarının direnç mekanizması üzerindeki inhibisyon etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda mevcut tez çalışmasında, artan dozla uygulanan Encorafenib direnç protokolüne kıyasla sabit doz direnç protokolünün BRAF inhibitör direnç modeli olarak daha fazla potansiyele sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Encorafenib direnç mekanizmasında, AKT yolunun aktive edildiği, NCOA4, FTH1, demir seviyelerinin artmasıyla desteklenen ferritinofaji mekanizmasının regüle edildiği, KKH mekanizmalarının transkriptomik düzeyde düzenlenerek hayatta kalma mekanizması olarak hizmet ettiği gösterilmiştir. Buna ilaveten Encorafenib direncinin CD44high olarak adlandırılan yeni bir hücre popülasyonunu zenginleştirdiği, KKH biyobelirteçlerinin ekspresyonunu arttırdığı, CD44highCD133+ KKH benzeri sub popülasyonunun MM hücre hattında Encorafenib direncinden sorumlu olduğu ve bu direncin KKH ilişkili mekanizmalarla bağlantılı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, direncin KKH benzeri hücrelerde PI3K-AKT yolunun aktive edilmesi, BRAF-MEKERK yollarını düzensizleştirilmesiyle regüle edildiği ve bu durumun özellikle SOX2 gibi KKH ile ilişkili proteinlerin up-regülasyonuna yol açarak sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Son olarak bu yolların Encorafenib+Curcumin+Pimasertib kombinasyonu ile hedeflenmesinin direncin tersine çevrilmesinde en efektif strateji olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda mevcut tezden elde edilen sonuçların farklı MM modellerinde KKH benzeri hücreleri hedef alan yeni ve efektif terapötik stratejiler geliştirme potansiyeline sahip olabileceği düşünülmektedir.Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal form of skin cancer and ranks among the ten most common cancer types in Turkey. Although effective therapeutic approaches exist for MM, responses to targeted therapies with BRAF inhibitors are often temporary, and tumor relapse typically occurs within one year in nearly all patients due to resistance mechanisms. The thesis aimed to establish Encorafenibresistant A375-MM cell lines using a second-generation BRAF inhibitor, to characterize the resistance mechanism of Encorafenib and its association with cancer stem cells (CSCs), and to compare the inhibitory efficacy of drug combinations consisting of Encorafenib, the MEK inhibitor Pimasertib, and the AKT pathway inhibitor Curcumin on the resistance mechanisms. It was demonstrated that the fixed-dose Encorafenib resistance protocol had greater potential as a model of BRAF inhibitor resistance compared to the increasingdose protocol. In Encorafenib resistance mechanisms, activation of the AKT signaling pathway, and regulation of the ferritinophagy mechanism, supported by increased levels of NCOA4, FTH1, and intracellular iron, was observed. Additionally, CSCrelated mechanisms were found to be transcriptionally regulated, serving as a survival mechanism. Further analysis revealed that Encorafenib resistance enriched a novel CD44high population, increased the expression of CSC markers, and that the CD44highCD133+ CSC-like sub population was primarily responsible for Encorafenib resistance in the MM cell line. This resistance was shown to be linked to CSCassociated pathways. Moreover, resistance in CSC-like cells was found to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway and dysregulate the BRAF-MEK-ERK axis, leading to upregulation of CSC-associated proteins such as SOX2. Finally, targeting these pathways with a combination of Encorafenib, Curcumin, and Pimasertib was shown to be the most effective strategy for reversing resistance. The findings suggest that these results may hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSC-like cells in other MM models
Dupuytren kontraktürü: 10 yıllık retrospektif çalışma
No full textDupuytren’s contracture is a progressive, benign fibroproliferative disease characterized by abnormal collagen accumulation in the palmar region of the hand and flexor surfaces of the fingers. This study retrospectively reviewed 257 patients who underwent surgery at our clinic between January 2014 and December 2024 using electronic hospital records. The analysis focused on age, sex, number of operated hands, affected fingers, annual surgical distribution, skin closure techniques, and comorbidities. Among the 257 patients, 24 underwent bilateral surgery, and five required reoperation due to recurrence, resulting in a total of 286 operated hands. The study cohort consisted of 196 male and 61 female patients. Bilateral surgery was performed in 21 male and three female patients, while five male patients required a second operation due to recurrence. The mean age of the patients was 60 years (range: 34-83). In 73.4% of cases, both the hand and fingers were affected, while 25.8% had isolated palmar involvement. The fourth finger was the most frequently affected (78.5%), followed by the fifth finger (57.6%). Z-plasty was used for skin closure in 222 out of 286 operated hands. This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with Dupuytren’s contracture and contribute to the understanding of its prevalence in our region, enhancing regional data.Dupuytren kontraktürü, ilerleyici benign fibroproliferatif bir hastalık olup elin palmar bölgesi ile parmakların fleksör yüzlerinde anormal kolajen birikimi ile karakterizedir. Bu çalışmada Ocak 2014 – Aralık 2024 yılları arasında kliniğimizde opere edilmiş 257 hasta, hastanemiz elektronik arşivi kullanılarak retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yaş, cinsiyet, opere edilen el sayısı, hangi el ve parmakların tutulduğu, yıllara göre opere edilen hasta sayısı, cilt kapatma teknikleri ve eşlik eden morbiditeler açısından tarama yapıldı. 257 hastanın 24’ü bilateral ellerinden opere olurken 5 hasta da nüks nedeniyle ikinci kez opere edildi. Toplam 286 ele Dupuytren cerrahisi uygulanmış oldu. Opere edilen hastaların 196‘sı erkek, 61’i kadındı. Erkek hastaların 21’ine bilateral cerrahi uygulanırken 5’ine nüks nedeniyle ikinci kez cerrahi uygulandı. Kadın hastaların 3’üne bilateral cerrahi uygulandı, kadın hastalarda hiç nüks görülmedi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 60 olarak bulundu (34-83). Opere edilen ellerin %73,4’ünde el+parmak tutulumu birlikte görülürken, %25,8’inde yalnızca el (palmar bölge) tutulumu mevcuttu. El+parmak tutulumu olan hastalarda ise %78,5 oranında tek başına veya diğer parmaklara eşlik edecek şekilde 4.parmağın tutulmuş olduğu görüldü. Bunu %57,6 ile 5.parmak tutulumu takip etti. Opere edilen 286 elin 222’sine ise cilt kapamada z-plasti uygulandı. Bu çalışmada son 11 yılda kliniğimizde Dupuytren kontraktürü nedeniyle opere edilen hastalar risk faktörleri ile birlikte araştırılmış, hastalığın bölgemizdeki görülme prevalansına katkı yapmak amaçlanmıştır
Gourava index adjacency polynomial for certain graphs
No full textThe Gourava index adjacency polynomial of a graph G is the characteristic polynomial of the Gourava index adjacency matrix GIA(G) whose (i, j)-th entry is d(vi) + d(vj) + d(vi)d(vj), whenever the vertex vi is adjacent to vj, otherwise it is zero, where di is the degree of the vertex vi. In this article, we obtain the Gourava index adjacency polynomial of graphs obtained from regular graphs
The impact of diet and oral hygiene on dental caries among Turkish children: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting children worldwide, yet they are largely preventable through modifiable factors such as diet and oral hygiene. This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary intake, oral hygiene practices, anthropometric measurements, and dental caries in children. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bursa, T & uuml;rkiye, between 1 October 2023 and 20 February 2024 with 210 children aged 5-12 years. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, and a food frequency questionnaire related to dental health. Body weight and height were measured, and dental examinations were performed by a trained dentist using DMFT/dmft indices. Results Mean DMFT and dmft scores were 0.9 +/- 1.3 and 3.9 +/- 2.8, respectively. Children who brushed their teeth had significantly lower caries scores (p 0.05). Higher DMFT scores were associated with citrus fruits (beta = 0.322, p < 0.001), white bread (beta = 0.423, p < 0.001), and fruit juice (beta = 0.050, p < 0.05) consumption. Higher dmft scores were linked to chocolate (beta = 0.286), biscuits, cookies, and cakes (beta = 0.448), chips (beta = 0.179), and carbonated soft drinks (beta = 0.789) (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating and proper oral hygiene to prevent childhood dental caries and suggest that early oral health status may have broader implications for long-term systemic health, warranting further longitudinal investigation