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Evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine use in cancer patients: A survey study in Turkey
No full textIntroduction: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of cancer patients using complementary medicine (CM) and determine possible herb-drug interactions. Methods: We prepared a questionnaire about CM, that included questions about the frequency of CM use, the reasons for using CM, if there was any side effect, CM's cost, the patient's expectations of CM, whether the following doctor was aware of the patient's CM use, and whether it should be paid for by health insurance, and asked patients to fill it out at the chemotherapy unit. Socio-demographic characteristics and medical data of patients including cancer type, stage, and current treatment protocol were also noted. The data was analyzed using SPSS Statics version 26. Results: 245 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of CM use was 34.7 %. The median number of herbal supplements used per patient was 3. CM users were younger [CM user group mean age 54.74 (± 12.17), CM non-user group mean age 58.07 (± 12.70), p = 0.04]. No other significant difference was found between the CM users and CM non-users. The majority of patients used Propolis (40 %), Curcuma longa (38.8 %), and Nigella sativa (32.9 %). 72.9 % of patients were using CM to complement chemotherapy's efficacy by boosting immunity; 58.8 % were using it to mitigate the side effects of chemotherapy, 34.1 % to treat cancer, and 2.4 % to prevent recurrence. 94.1 % of CM users declared that they were satisfied with CM, 7 patients (8.2 %) reported side effects such as cutaneous side effects (4), diarrhea (2), and elevated liver function tests (1). 41.2 % of CM users continued CM during chemotherapy and 64 possible CM-drug interactions were identified. Conclusions: CM may be nonharmful and efficient but may also be detrimental because of drug interactions. Physicians should not ignore CM and patients should better be informed about CM by healthcare providers
An exact analysis of fine resolution frequency estimation method from three DFT samples: Windowed data case
No full textFrequency estimation for a single complex sinusoid in noise is a fundamental problem in signal processing. A suboptimal but simple frequency estimator, known as Jacobsen estimator, which is based on three discrete Fourier transform (DFT) samples, gives good bias performance without the need to increase the DFT size. Candan has modified the Jacobsen estimator by adding a so-called bias correction factor to further reduce the bias of the estimator. In addition to bias considerations, a number of asymptotic variance expressions of the estimators were performed in the literature. However, these expressions are valid only for signal frequencies located very near a DFT bin index. In this paper, with the use of a simple variance analysis technique, an accurate general variance expression for arbitrary frequency locations is derived for the case of windowed data. A general method for calculating the bias correction factor is also proposed. The variance expression is examined for the cosine-sum window family. An approximate variance formula for sufficiently large data record lengths is also given for windows from this family. Computer simulations are included to validate the theoretical results
Design, synthesis and characterization of thioacetal containing carbazole-based
No full textTez çalışması kapsamında Hg2+ sensörü olarak öncelikle 3-(5-(1,3-ditiyolan-2-il)piridin-2-il)-9-hekzilkarbazol (38) molekülü tasarlandı. Sensör molekülü (38) karbazol (7)’den çıkılarak beş adımda sentezlendi ve saflaştırıldı. Sensör molekülü (38) ilk defa tarafımızdan sentezlendiği için 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FT-IR ve HRMS ile full karakterize edildi. Sensör molekülü (38)’in fotofiziksel ve sensör özellikleri incelendi. Rekabet eden analitler varlığında sürpriz bir şekilde Hg2+ yerine Fe3+’e karşı seçicilik gösterdiği tespit edildi. Ayrıca tez kapsamında Hg2+ sensörü olarak alternatif 3,6-bis(3-(1,3-ditiyolan-2-il)fenil)-9-hekzilkarbazol (42) molekülü tasarlandı. Sensör molekülü (42) karbazol (7)’den çıkılarak dört adımda sentezlendi ve saflaştırıldı. Alternatif sensör molekülü (42) ve onun öncü molekülü 3,3’-(9-hekzilkarbazol-3,6-diil)dibenzaldehit (41) ilk defa tarafımızdan sentezlendiği için 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FT-IR ve HRMS ile full karakterize edildi.Within the scope of this thesis, the molecule 3-(5-(1,3-dithiolane-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9-hexylcarbazole (38) was initially designed as a selective sensor for Hg²⁺ ions. The sensor molecule (38) was synthesized and purified in five steps, starting from carbazole (7). Since this molecule was synthesized for the first time in our study, it was fully characterized using ¹³C NMR, ¹H NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS techniques. The photophysical and sensing properties of compound (38) were systematically investigated. Interestingly, in the presence of competing analytes, it exhibited selectivity towards Fe³⁺ ions rather than Hg²⁺. Furthermore, an alternative sensor molecule, 3,6-bis(3-(1,3-dithiolane-2-yl)phenyl)-9-hexylcarbazole (42), was also designed within the thesis as a potential Hg²⁺ sensor. This compound (42) was synthesized and purified in four steps, also starting from carbazole (7). As both the alternative sensor molecule (42) and its precursor, 3,3’-(9-hexylcarbazole-3,6-diyl)dibenzaldehyde (41), were synthesized for the first time in this study, they were fully characterized by ¹³C NMR, ¹H NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS
Design and analysis of an electromagnet used in vehicle horn systems
No full textBu tez çalışmasında elektromekanik korna tasarımı yapılarak kornanın çıkaracağı ses basınç seviyesi ön görülmeye çalışılmış ve prototip üzerinde test edilerek sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. İlk aşamasında bobinin oluşturduğu manyetik alan analizi sonlu elemanlar programı olan ANSYS/Maxwell ile yapılmıştır. Diyafram kısmının analizi için modal analiz yapılarak diyaframın doğal frekansları belirlenmiştir. Ardından frekans cevap analizi ile dış etki sinüs dalga formunda korna içindeki frekansı simüle ederek diyaframda oluşan rezonans frekansı elde edilmiştir. Düşük frekanslarda sistemin daha kararlı bir yanıt verdiği, rezonans frekanslarında ise genliklerin hızlıca arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu analizler harmonik akustik analizin temellerini oluşturmuştur. Oluşan manyetik kuvvetin diyaframa olan etkisi ve diyaframın çıkaracağı ses seviyesi harmonik akustik analiz yapılarak tayin edilmiştir. Prototip üretimi yapılarak analiz sonuçları kıyaslanmıştır. Analiz ve prototip sonuçları benzer sonuçlar vermiştir. Böylelikle tasarım aşamasında kornanın analizi yapılarak tasarımın doğruluğu teyit edilmiştir.This thesis study has been carried out in a way that prevents the sound pressure levels that the horn will produce in the electromechanical horn design and the test results on the prototype have been compared. In the first stage, the magnetic field analysis in which the coil is created has been obtained using the ANSYS/Maxwell finite element program. The natural frequencies of the modal analysis distribution have been determined for the analysis of the diaphragm sections. In addition, the resonance sections formed in the diaphragm have been obtained by simulating the horn Integrity in the form of external effects sine waves with the harmonic response system. It has been determined that the system gives a more stable response at low frequencies, and the amplitudes increase rapidly at resonance frequencies. All these analyzes have formed the basis of harmonic acoustic analysis. The effect of the magnetic force on the diaphragm and the sound level that the diaphragm will produce can be adjusted with harmonic acoustic analysis. The prototype production results and analysis results have been compared. The analysis and prototype results give similar results. In addition, it has been confirmed that the analysis of the horn has been performed at the design stage
Integrated geochemical, geoelectrical, and UAV-based methods for analyzing the Güzelyalı landslide (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
No full textThe number of reactivations increased in the G & uuml;zelyal & imath;-Erenk & ouml;y landslide area after 2013 in & Ccedil;anakkale, T & uuml;rkiye, where historical landslide activity has been recorded since 1875. This area is home to numerous summer residences and experiences ongoing slow-moving landslide activity along a 400-m-long slope, extending from the heavily trafficked & Ccedil;anakkale-& Idot;zmir highway to the coastline. In this study, the nature of the reactivations was evaluated by considering the conditioning and triggering factors that contributed to the landslide. The evaluation was based on geochemical analyses, field observations, geoelectric measurements, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data. The results revealed that the sliding occurred along a moist slip surface, rich in various clay minerals such as illite, montmorillonite, and vermiculite, at a depth of approximately 4.5 m, as determined by ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography). Vertical movements within the landslide area, including rises and subsidences, accounted for changes of up to 0.1 m between 2013 and 2023. Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) calculations obtained from the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis indicate that the sliding surface is subjected to strong weathering, and these values are compatible with the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) data.Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University
SBA-2021-362
Calendar ageing without applying potential for polypyrrole/ ni-oxide supercapacitors
No full textPolypyrrole (PPy) was electropolymerized on disposable pencil graphite (G), and then Ni-oxide (NiO) was electrodeposited on G/PPy varying the charge density from 14 to 562 mC/cm2. The molecular structure was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the composition was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The capacitive behavior was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge technique (GCD). The specific capacitance was calculated as 570.4 F/g for the G/PPy-NiO electrode having NiO with a charge density of 14 mC/cm2. As the charge density increases the specific capacitance decreases. Supercapacitors were fabricated using these G/PPy-NiO electrodes, and PVA-H2SO4 and PVA-H3PO4 gel electrolytes. The capacitive behavior was analyzed using CV and GCD. The calculated specific capacitance is 403.4 F/g for the PPy-NiO-14// PVA-H2SO4//PPy-NiO-14 and 44.4 F/g for PPy-NiO-14//PVA-H3PO4//PPy-NiO-14 supercapacitors. The devices were aged by keeping them at room conditions, and the measurements were repeated every 15 days until the 45th day. The cyclic stability was determined after 1000 cycles by CV measured on the 0th and 45th day. The capacitance retention and hence the shelf life were determined. PPy-NiO-14//PVA-H2SO4//PPy-NiO-14 supercapacitor has capacitance retention (c.t.) of 101 % after 45 days while the PPy-NiO-14//PVA-H3PO4//PPy-NiO14 has 75.5 %
Multi-criteria microzonation hazard assessment based on the analytic hierarchy process framework
No full textThis study presents a seismic microzonation assessment of the Erenler district (Sakarya, T & uuml;rkiye), located along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. A total of 37 ambient noise, 50 seismic, and 51 borehole datasets were integrated to evaluate local site effects. Predominant frequency ranges 0.83-12.5 Hz, while engineering bedrock depth varies between 9 and 286 m. The average 30-meter shear wave velocity spans from 144 to 523 m/s, with the lowest values observed in northern Quaternary alluvium and the highest in southern zones with coarse sediments. 1D nonlinear site response analysis for the 1999 & Idot;zmit Earthquake scenario yield peak ground accelerations of 0.08-0.41 g, and spectral accelerations frequently exceed design spectra, particularly at 1.0 s periods. Liquefaction potential, evaluated using the liquefaction potential index and the Ishihara boundary curve, indicates high susceptibility in areas with shallow groundwater and silty sands. However, areas underlain by thick non-liquefiable layers (>3-7.5 m) exhibit no evidence of surface manifestations. An integrated seismic hazard index map, produced by weighting seven criteria within the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework, reveals high and very high hazard zones north of the Sapanca-Akyaz & imath; fault segment. The findings confirm the effectiveness of AHP-based microzonation for seismic risk mitigation and urban planning.Sakarya Üniversitesi
Project Number: 2025-27-73-2
Future treatments for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: The clinical trial landscape
No full textIntroductionMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an emerging autoimmune demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica. Despite increasing recognition, no therapies are currently approved for MOGAD, and treatment remains empirical, with significant variability in clinical response and access to care.Areas coveredThis review explores the evolving treatment landscape of adult MOGAD, with a focus on immunotherapies under active clinical investigation: azathioprine, tocilizumab, satralizumab, and rozanolixizumab. For each agent, we discuss mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and efficacy based on clinical trials and observational data. Literature was identified through PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, including ongoing phase 2/3 studies (MOGwAI, TOMATO, METEOROID, and cosMOG).Expert opinionTargeted immunotherapies have the potential to transform MOGAD management. In the next five years, one or more of these agents may achieve regulatory approval, particularly if biomarker-driven strategies and trial designs are refined. Addressing unmet needs in pediatric populations and low-resource settings will be essential to ensure equitable, personalized treatment
Typographical errors, typographical messages and typograms
No full textTipografi, metinlerin yazı tipi, boyutu, satır aralığı ve hizalanması gibi görsel özelliklerinin tasarımıdır. Günlük hayatımızda reklam panolarından kitaplara, dijital platformlardan tabelalara kadar her yerde tipografik unsurlar bulunmaktadır. İletişim ise “paylaşmak, bildirmek, birleştirmek” sözcüğünden gelmektedir. İletişim esas olarak sosyal bir olgudur ve iletişimin niteliği sosyal yapı tarafından belirlenir. Bu nedenle iletişim, toplumsaldır, toplumsal bilgilerin aktarılmasıdır. İletişim için işaretler, semboller ve sözcükler kullanılmaktadır. Görsel işaretler dizgisi olarak yazı, günümüzde en yaygın iletişim araçlarından biridir. Ancak yazılan her yazı, okunur, anlaşılır ve net olmalıdır. Çünkü okunurluk (legibility), tipografinin en önemli görevidir. Okunurluğun önemini ortaya koyması açısından bu araştırma, sesleri tanımlayan işaretlerin her dizgisinin doğru olmayabileceğini ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Bu anlamda yazı, okunamıyor veya anlaşılamıyor ise, tipografik hata olarak tanımlanıp, mesajı kirlettiğini belirtmek gerekir. Bu makale ile yaygın tipografik hatalara yer verilmiş, örneklendirilmiş ve tipografik mesajı nasıl kirlettiği anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Özellikle tipogram ve logotaypelerde okunurluğun önemini ortaya konmuş, başarılı örneklere yer verilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile, tipogram veya logotaype gibi tasarımların, özgün yapısı kadar okunurluğun da ne derece önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Tasarımcının, sanatçı edasıyla okunurluğu hiçe sayamayacağı, mesajı sadece sözcüklerin anlamlarıyla sınırlamamaları gerektiği örneklendirilmiş ve açıklanmıştır. Tipografinin asıl hedefinin sadece okunurluk olduğu hatırlatılarak tipografik hatalar ve başarılı tipografik mesaj örnekleri verilmiştir. Bu makale ile Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi TBMYO Grafik Tasarım programı öğrencilerinin, tipografi dersinde tasarladıkları başarılı tipogramlara da yer verilmiştir. Doğru mesajın sadece sözcük anlamlarıyla sınırlandırılmadan, sözcüklerin yazılma şekliyle, deformasyonlar ve farklı dizilimler ile de verilebileceği örneklendirilmiştir.Typography is the design of visual features of texts, such as font, size, line spacing, and alignment. Typographic elements are everywhere in our daily lives, from billboards to books, digital platforms to signs. Communication comes from “sharing, informing, and uniting.” Communication is essentially a social phenomenon, and its nature is determined by social structure. Therefore, communication is social; it transfers social information or messages. The message is the content of the meaning that is intended to be conveyed. In other words, the string of signs establishes the connection between the source and the receiver. As a string of visual signs, writing is one of the most common communication tools today. In this sense, every written text should be readable, understandable, and straightforward because legibility is the most important task of typography. In terms of revealing the importance of readability, this research has tried to reveal that not every string of signs that define sounds may be correct. It should be noted that if the text cannot be read or understood, it is defined as a typographic error and pollutes the message. This article includes common typographic errors, exemplifies them, and tries to explain how they pollute the typographic message. The importance of readability, especially in typograms and logotypes, has been revealed, and successful examples have been given. This research reveals how important readability is as much as the original structure of designs such as typograms or logotypes. It has been exemplified and explained that the designer cannot artistically disregard readability and should not limit the message only to the meanings of the words. It has been reminded that the primary goal of typography is readability and examples of typographic errors and successful typographic messages have been given. This article has also included successful typograms designed by Bursa Uludağ University TBMYO Graphic Design program students in the typography course. It has been exemplified that the right message can be given not only by the meanings of the words but also by how the words are written, deformations, and different arrangements. Typography is critical in effective communication because it makes the words readable and ensures the message is successfully conveyed. Functional and aesthetic output can be achieved with the right font, contrast, hierarchy, and design elements. Typography is a design tool and a motivating means of expression. It has been exemplified that the correct message can be given with the meaning of words, how words are written, deformations, and different arrangements. Typography is the design of visual features such as font, size, line spacing, and alignment of texts. Typographic elements are everywhere in our daily lives, from billboards to books, digital platforms to signs. However, the functionality and effectiveness of these designs can be significantly affected by typographic errors or deliberate typographic deformations. This article will examine typographic errors and their adverse effects on messages. Typographic errors, in general, are problems that arise due to incorrect or incomplete applications in text designs. These errors usually make the reading experience difficult, prevent the message from being understood, or contaminate the message. Especially in syntactic narrative designs known as typograms, deformations of unrecognizable letters and unreadable position changes bring typographic errors. On the other hand, words formed by the arrangement of letters under each other, which are known to be correct and widely used, are also typographic errors because they create difficulty in reading. Sound signals, i.e., writing, convey not only the text but emotions, tone, and the essence of the message. Through conscious designs, typography can make the message more impressive and unforgettable. However, it must be free of typographic errors, the readability problem must be solved, and each letter must be easily “readable” or, at the most acceptable level, “readable.” Typography is critical in effective communication, as words make words readable. Keeping errors to a minimum and conscious design choices ensure a message is successfully conveyed. Functional and aesthetic output can be achieved with the right font, contrast, hierarchy, and design elements. Typography is a design tool and a motivated means of expression
A study on the use of digital story methods in writing education
No full textYazma bireyin farklı yöntemler kullanarak kendini yazılı olarak ifade etmesidir. Bu araştırma, yazma eğitiminde dijital öyküleme yönteminin kullanımına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, dijital öyküleme yönteminin sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma motivasyonları üzerindeki etkisini ve öğrencilerin dijital öykü yazma başarılarını belirlemek, yazma motivasyonu ile başarı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek ve öğrencilerin yöntemin yazma eğitiminde kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, 2023-2024 eğitimöğretim yılında Bursa ili Mustafakemalpaşa ilçesinde öğrenim gören 31 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisiyle yürütülmüştür. Karma yöntem yaklaşımı benimsenmiş, açıklayıcı sıralı desen tercih edilmiştir. Nicel boyutta tek gruplu ön test-son test zayıf deneysel desen uygulanmış, nitel boyutta ise gözlem, görüşme ve doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Nicel veriler “Yazma Motivasyon Ölçeği” ve “Eğitsel Bağlamda Dijital Hikâye Anlatımı Sürecini Değerlendirme Rubriği” ile toplanmış; analizlerde SPSS 28.0.1.1 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Nitel veriler araştırmacı günlüğü, öğrenci görüşmeleri ve dijital öyküleme ürünleri üzerinden toplanmış, MAXQDA 2020 programı aracılığıyla içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Nicel verileri yazma eğitiminde dijital öyküleme yönteminin öğrencilerin yazma motivasyonlarında anlamlı bir fark yaratmadığını, yazma motivasyonu ile dijital öykü yazma başarısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Nitel verilerde ise öğrencilerin dijital araçlarla öykü oluştururken yazmaya karşı daha istekli olduğunu, yöntemin yazmayı daha eğlenceli, anlamlı ve öğrenci merkezli hale getirdiğini ortaya koymuştur.Writing is an individual's written expression using various methods. This research focuses on the use of digital storytelling in writing education. The study aims to determine the effect of digital storytelling on eighth-grade students' writing motivation and their success in writing digital stories, to determine the relationship between writing motivation and success, and to reveal students' opinions on the use of the method in writing education. The research was conducted with 31 eighth-grade students studying in the Mustafakemalpaşa district of Bursa province in the 2023-2024 academic year. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, and a descriptive sequential design was preferred. A single-group pretest-posttest weak experimental design was applied for the quantitative dimension, while observation, interview, and document review were conducted for the qualitative dimension. Quantitative data were collected using the "Writing Motivation Scale" and the "Rubric for Evaluating the Digital Storytelling Process in Educational Context." SPSS 28.0.1.1 software was used in the analyses. Qualitative data were collected through the researcher's diary, student interviews, and digital story products, and content analysis was conducted using the MAXQDA 2020 program. Quantitative data revealed that the digital storytelling method in writing education did not create a significant difference in students' writing motivation, and there was no significant relationship between writing motivation and digital story writing success. Qualitative data revealed that students were more willing to write when creating stories with digital tools, and that the method made writing more fun, meaningful, and student-centered