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Determining the levels of anxiety, depression, and work related strain inventory nurses working in intensive care units
No full textBu çalışma, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan hemşirelerin anksiyete, depresyon ve işe bağlı gerginlik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. 1 Eylül 2023 ve 15 Ocak 2024 tarih aralığında araştırma yapılan hastanenin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 100 hemşire araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturdu. Veriler yoğun bakım hemşirelerini tanılama amaçlı bireysel özellikleri içeren bilgi formu, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği-HAD, İşe Bağlı Gerginlik Ölçeği İBGÖ ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, değişkenler arasında ilişkilerin incelenmesinde Spearman korelasyon analizi, verilerin normal dağılıma uygun olup olmadığı test etmek için Shapiro-Wilk testi, iki bağımsız grup karşılaştırmasında bağımsız örneklem t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis karşılaştırma testleri kullanıldı. Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 30 olup %76’sı kadın, %24’ü erkek olduğu, ortalama çalışma yılının 5 yıl olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin ortalama HADÖ anksiyete ölçek puanı 7,00, ortalama HADÖ depresyon ölçek puanı 7,00, ortalama HADÖ toplam ölçek puanı 14,50 ve ortalama İBG toplam ölçek puanı 40,07±6,64 bulunmuştur. HADÖ anksiyete puanı evli olanlarda bekar olanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,021). Ölçekler hemşirelerin çalıştıkları yoğun bakım servisine göre karşılaştırıldığında HADÖ anksiyete (p=0,008), HADÖ toplam (p=0,014) ve İBG toplam (p=0,046) ölçek puanı bakımından anlamlı fark gözlenmiştir. Kalp-damar cerrahisi yoğun bakım ile anestezi ve reanimasyon yoğun bakım servisleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Yoğun bakım grupları ikili olarak karşılaştırıldığında kalp-damar cerrahisi yoğun bakım servisinde çalışan hemşirelerin HADÖ anksiyete (p=0,030) ve HADÖ toplam (p=0,028) ölçek puanları, anestezi ve reanimasyon yoğun bakım servisinde çalışanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Hemşirelerin anksiyete, depresyon ve işe bağlı gerginlik düzeylerini çalıştıkları yoğun bakım servisinin etkilediği ve evli olanlarda anksiyetenin daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. Hemşireler yoğun bakımın zorluklarıyla baş edebildikleri ve hemşirelerin hastane genelinde yoğun bakımda çalışmaktan memnun oldukları görülmüştür.This study was conducted to determine the levels of anxiety, depression, and work-related stress among nurses working in the intensive care units (ICUs) of Bursa Uludağ University Health Application and Research Hospital. The research sample consisted of 100 nurses who worked in the hospital's intensive care units and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, conducted between September 1, 2023, and January 15, 2024. Data were collected using a personal information form to identify ICU nurses, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Work-Related Strain Scale (WRSS). Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Spearman correlation analysis for examining relationships between variables, Shapiro Wilk test for testing normal distribution of data, independent sample t-tests, Mann Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the data analysis. The average age of the nurses was 30, with 76% being female and 24% male, and the average years of work experience was 5 years. The average HADS anxiety scale score was 7.00, the average HADS depression scale score was 7.00, the average total HADS score was 14.50, and the average total WRSS score was 40.07 ± 6.64. The HADS anxiety score was significantly higher in married nurses compared to single nurses (p = 0.021). When the scales were compared based on the ICU unit where the nurses worked, significant differences were observed in the HADS anxiety (p = 0.008), HADS total (p = 0.014), and WRSS total (p = 0.046) scores. Significant differences were found between the coronary artery bypass ICU and the anesthesia and reanimation ICU. When the intensive care units were compared pairwise, nurses working in the cardiovascular surgery ICU had significantly higher HADS anxiety (p = 0.030) and HADS total (p = 0.028) scores compared to those working in the anesthesia and reanimation ICU. The study found that the nurses' anxiety, depression, and work-related stress levels were influenced by the ICU unit in which they worked, and married nurses had higher levels of anxiety. It was also observed that the nurses were able to cope with the challenges of working in the ICU and expressed overall satisfaction with working in the ICU across the hospital
The effect of mobile game-based activities designed for the learning area of algebra on students' mathematics achievement, attitudes and perceptions of self-efficiency
No full textBu çalışmanın birincil amacı öğrencilerin ilgilerini çeken bir eğitsel mobil oyun tasarlamak ve bu oyunun öğrencilerin matematik başarısına, tutumuna ve öz-yeterlilik algısına etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı ise öğrencilerin geliştirilen eğitsel mobil oyun hakkındaki görüşlerini alarak ileride geliştirilecek olan eğitsel oyunlar için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu çalışmada, deneysel araştırma yöntemlerinden ön test son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılının birinci döneminde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Bingöl ili merkez ilçesinde bulunan bir özel öğretim kurumunda öğrenim gören 38 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verilerini cebir başarı testi, matematik tutum ölçeği, matematik öz-yeterlilik algısı ölçeği ve geliştirilen eğitsel mobil oyundan elde edilen veriler ile uygulama sonrasında öğrenciler ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmenin ses kayıtları oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeden elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde öncelikle verilerin dağılımı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler normal dağılıma uygun olduklarından dolayı parametrik testler veri analizinde kullanılmıştır. Analizlerin yapılmasında Spss programı kullanılmıştır. Eğitsel mobil oyun tabanlı etkinliklerin matematik başarısına, matematiğe ilişkin tutum ve öz-yeterlilik algılarına anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı bulunmuştur. Bununla beraber yapılan görüşmelerden öğrencilerin eğitsel mobil oyun ile hem sınıf ortamında hem de evlerinde pratik yapmaktan hoşlandıkları, motive oldukları ve diğer oyunların yerine oynayabilecekleri anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda geliştirilen mobil oyunun öğrencilerin ilgisini oldukça çektiği görülmüştür. Eğitsel oyunların içerisinde bol bol aksiyon öğeleri olması ve öğrencilerin alıştığı mobil oyunlara benzer olması önerilmektedir. Geliştirilen eğitsel oyunların öğrencileri sürekli akışta tutabilmesi için uzun soluklu organizasyonlara ihtiyaç olduğu görülmüştür.The primary objective of this study was to design an educational mobile game that engages students and to examine its effects on students' mathematics achievement, attitudes, and perceptions of self-efficacy. The secondary objective was to obtain students' opinions about the developed educational mobile game and to make recommendations for future development of educational games. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group, an experimental research method. The research was conducted with 38 students attending a private educational institution in the central district of Bingöl Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region, during the first semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. The research data consisted of an algebra achievement test, a mathematics attitude scale, a mathematics self-efficacy scale, data obtained from the developed educational mobile game, and audio recordings of a semi-structured interview conducted with the students after the application. Content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews in this study. In the analysis of quantitative data, the distribution of the data was first examined. Because all the obtained data were normally distributed, parametric tests were used in data analysis. SPSS software was used in the analyses. Educational mobile game-based activities were found to have no significant impact on math achievement, attitudes toward math, or perceptions of self-efficacy. However, interviews revealed that students enjoyed practicing with educational mobile games both in the classroom and at home, were motivated, and could play them instead of other games. The study found that the developed mobile game was highly engaging for students. It is recommended that educational games include plenty of action elements and be similar to mobile games students are accustomed to. It was observed that longterm organizations are needed to keep students engaged in the flow of educational games
Effect of subcutaneous heparin injection applied to two different areas on ecchymosis and hematoma
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, abdominal ve üst kol bölgelerine uygulanan subkutan düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin (DMAH) enjeksiyonun ekimoz ve hematom oluşumuna etkisini incelemektir. Veriler, “Hasta Tanıtım Formu”, “Opsite Flexigrid Ölçüm Aracı” ve asetat kalemi kullanılarak toplandı. Araştırma kriterlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden deney grubundaki hastalara subkutan DMAH enjeksiyon uygulamaları, göbek çevresinde 5 cm2’lik bir alan dışındaki sağ alt abdominal bölgeye uygulandı. Kontrol grubundaki hastaların enjeksiyon uygulamaları ise sağ üst kolun lateral yüzüne uygulandı. Her iki grupta yer alan hastaların enjeksiyon işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra, iğnenin giriş noktasının etrafına asetat kalemi ile yaklaşık olarak 5 cm2 çapında bir daire çizildi. 48. saatin sonunda hastaların ekimoz ve hematom oluşumu işaretli bölge gözlenerek belirlendi. Ardından bölgede oluşan ekimoz ve hematomun sınırları Opsite Flexigrid Ölçüm Aracı ile ölçülerek kaydedildi. Araştırmaya dahil edilen kontrol grubundaki 5 hastada (%17,2) enjeksiyon sonrası ekimoz gelişimi gözlenirken, deney grubundaki hiçbir hastada ekimoz gelişimi saptanmadı. Kontrol grubundaki 4 hastada (%13,8) hematom gelişimi saptanırken, deney grubundaki 3 hastada (%10,3) hematom gelişimi saptandı. İki grup arasında ekimoz büyüklüğü ortalamaları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunurken (p0,05). Yapılan bu araştırmanın sonucunda; abdominal bölgeye uygulanan subkutan DMAH enjeksiyon sonrası gelişen ekimoz oluşumunun üst kol bölgesine göre anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu bulundu.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) injection applied to the abdominal and upper arm areas on ecchymosis and hematoma formation. Data were collected using the “Patient Identification Form”, “Opsite Flexigrid Measuring Tool” and acetate pen. Subcutaneous LMWH injections were applied to the right lower abdominal area, except for a 5 cm2 area around the umbilicus, for the patients in the experimental group who met the research criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Injection applications were applied to the lateral aspect of the right upper arm for the patients in the control group. After the injection procedure was completed for the patients in both groups, a circle of approximately 5 cm2 diameter was drawn around the needle entry point with an acetate pen. At the end of the 48th hour, the patients' ecchymosis and hematoma formation were determined by observing the marked area. Then, the borders of the ecchymosis and hematoma formed in the area were measured with the Opsite Flexigrid measuring tool and recorded. While ecchymosis development was observed in 5 patients (17.2%) in the control group included in the study after injection, no ecchymosis development was detected in any patient in the experimental group. Hematoma development was detected in 4 patients (13.8%) in the control group, and 3 patients (10.3%) in the experimental group. While there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the mean ecchymosis size between the two groups (p0.05). As a result of this study, it was seen that the formation of ecchymosis after subcutaneous LMWH injection applied to the abdominal area was significantly lower than that in the upper arm area
Transition to a combination of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease patients receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment: A single-center study
No full textPeritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) are the two primary renal replacement therapies for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While PD is an effective and convenient modality, long-term use can lead to ultrafiltration failure, recurrent peritonitis, and progressive structural alterations in the peritoneal membrane, necessitating a transition to HD. In recent years, rather than a complete transition, the combined use of PD and HD has emerged as a viable alternative, offering potential advantages for selected patient populations.This retrospective study included patients with PD-related complications, such as resistant hypervolemia, frequent peritonitis episodes, peritoneal failure, and clinical deterioration. Based on eligibility criteria, patients were either transitioned to HD or initiated on combined PD+HD therapy. A total of 28 patients underwent transition to HD, while 26 received PD+HD combination therapy. Survival rates, Kt/V, residual urine output, and various laboratory parameters were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in Kt/V, volume stabilization, and cardiovascular stability after transitioning from PD. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in laboratory parameters between the two groups. These findings suggest that for patients experiencing PD failure, frequent peritonitis, or fluid overload, combined PD+HD therapy may serve as a feasible alternative to conventional HD. Careful patient selection and individualized treatment planning are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Given its comparable efficacy to HD, combined PD+HD therapy may represent an important option for patients requiring a tailored approach to dialysis
Home spirometry for post-COVID recovery: A clinical validation study of an ultrasonic device
No full textBackground/Objectives: Patients recovering from COVID-19 often experience persistent respiratory symptoms, necessitating pulmonary function monitoring. While clinical spirometry is the gold standard, home spirometry offers a remote alternative. This study evaluated the validity of an ultrasonic home-based spirometer for monitoring lung function in post-COVID-19 pneumonia patients over 12 weeks. Methods: This prospective study included 30 post-COVID pneumonia patients who underwent clinical spirometry at weeks 4, 8 and 12. Participants performed weekly home spirometry using the SpiroHome Personal (R) device. Agreement between home and clinical spirometry was assessed using a Bland-Altman analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation coefficients. Pulmonary function changes over time were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Home spirometry showed strong agreement with clinical spirometry for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), with ICC values exceeding 0.92. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated minimal bias, though limits of agreement exceeded the clinically accepted threshold of +/- 150 mL. FEV1/FVC ratios showed greater variability. Pulmonary function improved significantly over 12 weeks for both methods (p < 0.002). Patient adherence to home spirometry remained high, with a median of 18.50 sessions [IQR: 15.00-26.00] and an overall compliance rate of 98.33% +/- 9.13%. Conclusions: Home spirometry provides reliable pulmonary function measurements, particularly for FVC and FEV1, supporting its role as a remote monitoring tool. Despite minor variability in FEV1/FVC, home spirometry enables frequent assessment of lung function recovery, potentially reducing hospital visits and improving patient management
Diving into the depths: Unveiling the main etiologies of piscine lactococcosis with a novel multiplex qPCR assay
No full textPiscine lactococcosis poses a significant threat to a wide range of cultured and wild fish populations worldwide, typically presenting as acute haemorrhagic septicemia with high morbidity and mortality. Although Lactococcus garvieae was historically considered the sole causative agent of piscine lactococcosis, recent studies have identified L. petauri and L. formosensis as additional, highly pathogenic species. In this study, we developed a novel TaqMan-based multiplex qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of L. garvieae, L. petauri and L. formosensis, following a pangenome analysis of the publicly available genomes of these bacterial species. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity across 156 bacterial isolates obtained from various cultured fish species and geographical locations between 2008 and 2024, as well as against a panel of non-target bacteria. It also successfully detected target pathogens in 146 field tissue samples, including tissues preserved in 70% ethanol, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and tissues fixed on FTA cards. Compared to classical bacteriology, the multiplex qPCR assay yielded higher detection rates and enabled precise identification of the causative species of piscine lactococcosis. Overall, the multiplex qPCR assay developed in this study provides a reliable, rapid, highly sensitive and species-specific molecular approach for diagnosing piscine lactococcosis, contributing to better surveillance and management of the disease in aquaculture
Not indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase polymorphisms, but low levels of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and IDO2 are associated with Behçet's syndrome
No full textObjective: Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystemic disorder with a complex genetic background. Indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase (IDO) and IDO2, key enzymes in tryptophan metabolism, have immunomodulatory effects. Specific IDO and IDO2 polymorphisms may influence enzymatic activity. This study aimed to explore the association between IDO/ IDO2 gene polymorphisms and BS susceptibility, and assess serum levels of IDO and IDO2 in relation to BS. Subjects and Methods: Ninety patients with BS and 52 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Predetermined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied at specific gene loci for IDO and IDO2. Serum IDO and IDO2 levels were determined using ELISA. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequencies of IDO (rs7820268 and rs10108662) and IDO2 (rs4503083) between patients with BS and controls. Furthermore, no significant association was found between clinical findings and SNPs, except that the IDO rs7820268 CT genotype was significantly lower in patients with neurological involvement (0% vs. 42%, p = 0.026, OR = 0.147, 95% CI = 0.18-1.231). Serum levels of IDO and IDO2 were significantly lower in BS patients compared to controls (p < 0.0000 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Our research revealed that the serum IDO/IDO2 levels of BS were substantially lower than those in the control group. This finding has the potential to impact IDO activity and reduce immune tolerance. No correlation was observed between IDO/IDO2 polymorphisms and most clinical findings of BS. However, the IDO rs7820268 CT genotype was significantly reduced in neuro- BS, suggesting a protective effect. Larger prospective trials are needed to further explore these findings
Development of commingled fiber based thermoplastic composite materials, investigation of their mechanical properties and hot formability
No full textBu tez çalışmasında cam/PP esaslı termoplastik kompozit sandviç yapıların geliştirilmesi, mekanik özelliklerinin ve sıcak şekil alma davranışlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı çekirdek yoğunluklarına sahip cam/PP keçe ve sürekli cam/PP dokuma takviyeli yapıların hem statik hem de dinamik yükler altındaki performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Statik çekme testlerinde sürekli cam/PP takviyesiyle çekme dayanımı 42 MPa seviyelerine ulaşmış, keçe esaslı plakaların 0° lif yönünde çekme dayanımı 5.13 MPa ve 90° yönünde 6.34 MPa olarak ölçülmüştür. Statik üç nokta eğilme testlerinde, 2600 g/m² keçe çekirdekli yapı 30 MPa eğilme dayanımıyla en yüksek rijitliği sergilemiştir. Yüksek hızlı darbe penetrasyon testlerinde, 1000 g/m² keçe çekirdekli yapı optimum delinme direncini göstermiş ve 6572 N maksimum kuvvet değerine ulaşmıştır. Dinamik üç nokta eğilme testlerinde ise yine 1000 g/m² keçe çekirdekli yapı en iyi darbe dayanımını sergilemiştir. Keçe yoğunluğunun artışı rijitliği artırsa da deformasyon kontrolünü olumsuz etkileyerek ani göçme modlarını hızlandırmıştır. Sürekli cam/PP yüzey takviyesinin tüm yükleme koşullarında sistem performansını anlamlı şekilde artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, keçe yoğunluğu ve yüzey takviyesinin dengeli kombinasyonlarının sandviç yapıların tasarımında kritik parametreler olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, termoplastik sandviç yapıların otomotiv ve savunma gibi uygulamalarda potansiyel kullanımına katkı sağlamaktadır.In this thesis, glass/PP-based thermoplastic composite sandwich structures, their mechanical properties, and their thermoforming behaviors have been developed. The mechanical performance of the sandwich structures with varying core densities, produced with glass/PP nonwoven (felt) cores and continuous glass/PP woven surface reinforcements, has been comparatively evaluated under static and dynamic loading conditions. Under static tensile testing, continuous glass/PP reinforced plates achieved a tensile strength of up to 42 MPa, and nonwoven reinforced plates achieved tensile strengths of 5.13 MPa at 0° and 6.34 MPa at 90° fiber direction. Under static three-point bending testing, the sandwich structure with 2600 g/m² felt core obtained the greatest bending strength of 30 MPa. In high-velocity impact penetration tests, the 1000 g/m² felt core presented the highest resistance to penetration with a maximum force of 6572 N. In dynamic three-point bending impact tests. While felt core density increase enhanced stiffness, it negatively affected deformation tolerance, encouraging more abrupt failure modes. Continuous glass/PP surface reinforcement significantly enhanced overall system performance for all loading types. The findings indicate that surface reinforcement balance and core density are critical in order to have the best sandwich structure designs. The study forms part of the possible application of thermoplastic sandwich composites in automotive, defense, and structural uses
Contributions of Jubran Masoud in Arabic lexicology
No full textBu çalışmada, Cubrân Mes‘ûd’un er-Râid sözlüğü üzerinden Arap sözlükçülüğündeki yerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu değerlendirme kapsamında Arap sözlükçülüğünün seyri, klasik ve modern dönemdeki Arap sözlüklerinde uygulanan sistemlerin karşılaştırma yoluyla sözlükbilim kriterlerine göre incelenmesi de hedeflenmektedir. Literatür taraması sonucunda er-Râid sözlüğüyle ilgili kapsamlı bir çalışmanın yapılmadığı, ülkemizde modern Arapça sözlükler hakkında araştırmaların yeterli düzeyde olmadığı saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın akademik alandaki boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında çok yönlü, eleştirel ve analitik bir bakış açısıyla tümevarım ve karşılaştırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Arap sözlüklerinde kullanılan sistemler özellikle de er-Râid’de uygulanan “telaffuza dayalı sistem” incelenmektedir. Modern dönem Arap sözlükleri ele alınarak klasik dönemde yazılmış sözlüklerle aralarındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. er-Râid sözlüğünün kelime türleri ve terimler bakımından analizi yapılırken klasik ve modern döneme ait Arap sözlüklerinden istifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca kişisel gayretlerle kaleme alınan er-Râid’in komisyon tarafından hazırlanan farklı sözlükler üzerinden değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, er-Râid’in Arapça sözlükler içinde başvuru kaynaklarından biri olabileceği görülmektedir. Fakat Arap dili konusunda daha detaylı ve ileri seviyede bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen kimseler için yetersiz kalacağı düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte son dönem Arapça sözlük çalışmalarının da seyrine bakılarak sözlüklerin bireysel çabalarla değil farklı alanlardaki uzmanlardan oluşan komisyonlar tarafından hazırlanmasının daha isabetli ve uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.This study aims to evaluate the position of Jubran Masoud’s er-Raid dictionary within the tradition of Arabic lexicography. Within this framework, the trajectory of Arabic lexicography is examined by comparing the systems employed in both classical and modern Arabic dictionaries in accordance with lexicographic criteria. A review of the literature has revealed that no comprehensive study has been conducted on er-Raid, and that research on modern Arabic dictionaries in Turkey remains insufficient. Therefore, this study is expected to fill an academic gap in the field. The research adopts an inductive and comparative methodology, approached from a multifaceted, critical, and analytical perspective. Particular attention is devoted to the system applied in Arabic dictionaries, with a special focus on the “pronunciation-based system” used in er-Raid. Modern Arabic dictionaries are examined alongside classical works in order to identify similarities and differences between them. In analyzing the classification of word types and terminology in er-Raid, reference has been made to both classical and modern Arabic dictionaries. Moreover, the evaluation of er-Raid which was compiled through individual effort- has been carried out in comparison with other dictionaries produced by committees. The findings indicate that er-Raid can serve as one of the reference works in the field of Arabic lexicography. However, it may be considered insufficient for those seeking more detailed and advanced knowledge of the Arabic language. In addition, by considering the trajectory of modern Arabic lexicographical works, the study concludes that dictionaries are more effectively and appropriately compiled not through individual efforts, but by committees consisting of experts from different fields
Effects of mitoquinone and caffeic acid on spermatological parameters and ogg1/romo1 gene expression of post-thawed ram semen
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the freezability of ram semen with extenders containing mitoquinone or caffeic acid. Collected ram semen samples were pooled and divided into seven equal aliquots. Each aliquot was diluted with Tris-based extender according to control and antioxidant groups (Control, Mitoquinone (MitoQ) 100 nM, 150 nM, 200 nM; Caffeic Acid (CA) 50 mu M, 100 mu M, 150 mu M). The post-thaw spermatological, antioxidant parameters and OGG1/ROMO1 gene expression and methylation were evaluated. It was determined that the CASA post-thaw motility of MitoQ200, CA100 and CA150 antioxidant groups were statistically higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The post-thaw plasma membrane integrity of MitoQ groups was compared with CA groups, CA100 group, which had the lowest plasma membrane integrity among the antioxidant groups. The post-thaw acrosome membrane damage of all the antioxidant groups were statistically lower than control group, except CA50 and CA100 groups (P < 0.05). For the post-thaw mitochondrial membrane potential, all groups except the CA50 group were determined to be superior to the control group (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed among all groups including control group in terms of post-thaw DNA fragmentation, MDA and TAC values. MitoQ significantly altered the expression of the OGG1 genes, an effect mediated through DNA methylation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, caffeic acid altered the ROMO1 gene expression (P < 0.05). Based on the spermatological parameters and gene expression and methylation levels obtained in the current study, it was determined that mitoquinone 200 nM and caffeic acid 150 M doses had a positive effect on the freezability of ram semen