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Selection of parental forage pea [ pisum sativum (l.)] genotypes based on morphological characterization and ssr markers for crossbreeding
No full textIn crossbreeding, the greater the genetic distance between the parental genotypes, the greater the genetic variation between the hybrids. In this study, genetic diversity among 23 parental forage pea genotypes was assessed by phenotypic and molecular characterization. For morphological characterization, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) similarity dendrogram was generated using the following measurements: plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and number of seeds per plant. The dendrogram divided the pea genotypes into two main groups, each with two subgroups. For molecular characterization, 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were tested of which 14 markers were polymorphic and 2 markers were monomorphic among the genotypes. A total of 106 alleles were obtained and the number of alleles per primer was changed between 4 and 10 with an average of 7.57. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.00 for all SSR primers and expected heterozygosity (He) differed from 0.64 to 0.90 with a mean of 0.84. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.55 to 0.87 and the average PIC value was calculated to be 0.78. The primers were found to be highly informative for peas genome. The similarity coefficient values between the genotypes ranged from 0.00 to 0.80. Both morphological and molecular research revealed significant variation among pea genotypes. In conclusion, both morphological and molecular research showed that there is significant variation among the genotypes and can be used as parents in further research
Temporal variation of biochemical markers and adenoma predictors in normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: A multicenter retrospective analysis
No full textObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of biochemical markers in normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (nPHPT), analyse their temporal variations, and assess their correlation with adenoma localisation and size. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study-the largest patient cohort reported in the literature to date (n = 474) we comprehensively profiled normocalcemic patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism nPHPT was diagnosed based on persistently elevated PTH levels with normal serum calcium after excluding secondary causes such as vitamin D deficiency, renal impairment, and other conditions. This retrospective multicenter study included a large cohort of patients whose biochemical markers-including serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-were measured at three time points, using standardised laboratory protocols. Although in routine clinical practice these measurements are typically performed at regular intervals of 3-6 months, resulting in approximately three assessments during an 18-month follow-up period. Urinary calcium and creatinine levels were also determined, and imaging modalities (ultrasonography, sestamibi scintigraphy, and computed tomography) were employed for adenoma detection. Statistical analyses comprised repeated measures ANOVA, logistic regression, correlation analysis, and ROC analysis, performed using Jamovi software. Results: Serial evaluations revealed significant temporal changes in key biochemical parameters, including a significant decline in serum calcium and PTH levels alongside a significant increase in urinary calcium excretion. Logistic regression analysis identified higher PTH levels, higher corrected calcium, and larger adenoma size as independent predictors of adenoma localisation, while ROC analysis confirmed that PTH exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The large scale of our patient cohort reinforces the robustness of our statistical analyses and provides comprehensive insight into the dynamic nature of nPHPT
The dialects of Balkan immigrants in Balıkesir and the characteristic features
No full textXIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkanlardaki toprak kayıpları Balkan Türklüğünün büyük oranda Anadolu’ya göçüne neden olmuştur. Bu göçün en yoğun yaşandığı dönem 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi’nden sonraki dönemdir. Bu göçlerle Anadolu’ya gelerek o günkü adıyla Karesi sancağında iskân edilen nüfus, bugün Balıkesir ili içerisindeki Balkan muhaciri / göçmeni nüfusu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Balıkesir yerli ağızlarından farklı özellikler taşıyan Balkan muhaciri ağızlarının özellikleri, yerleşik bulundukları kırsal mahallelerden derlenen malzemenin incelenmesiyle ortaya konulmuştur. Muhacir ağızlarının komşu ağızları olarak görebileceğimiz Balıkesir yerli ağızlarıyla örtüşen özellikleri tespit edildiği gibi, komşu ağızlardan ayrışan Doğu Rumeli ağızlarına özgü özellikler de tespit edilmiş ve kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise ortaya çıkan bu özelliklerin muhacir ağızlarına özgü farklı ağız tabakalarına ait olabileceği tezi üzerinde durulmuştur.XIX. led to a large migration of Balkan Turks to Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire’s territorial losses in the Balkans in the 19th century have been caused migration of most of the Balkan Turks to Anatolia. The period in which this migration was the most intense the period after the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War. The population that came to Anatolia with these migrations and settled in Karesi Sanjak, as it was called at that time, constitutes the Balkan Immigrant population in Balıkesir province today. In this study, The Dialects of Balkan İmmigrants’ features which have different characteristics from Balıkesir native dialects have been presented by analised the materials compiled from the rural settlement where they are settled. While the overlapping features of the Muhacir dialects with the Balıkesirlocal dialects as their neighbouring dialects, the features specific to the Eastern Rumelian dialects, which differ from the neighbouring dialects, were also determined and recorded. In the conclusion section, it is emphasized the thesis that these finding may belong to different dialect layers specific to Muhacir dialects
Dynamics of a short-fiber-reinforced nanorod via hardening nonlocal approach
No full textIn this study, the axial vibration analysis of short-fiber-reinforced nanorods is conducted using a newly developed higher-order elasticity theory that incorporates a strengthening effect due to scale effects. First, the problem is defined by deriving the equations of motion for the randomly short-fiber-reinforced nanorod. Then, the Fourier sine series of the displacement function is chosen to solve the problem, problem and the higher-order derivatives of the series are obtained using Stokes' transformation. Finally, by including boundary conditions in the problem, the most general solution is derived in which the frequencies of the randomly short-fiber-reinforced nanorod can be obtained under elastic boundary conditions. The results are presented in tables and figures
Analysis and evaluation of the investigation phase of tax evasion crimes
No full textVergi kaçakçılığı suçları, devletin vergilendirme yetkisine dair otoritesinin korunması amaçlayan ceza normlarıdır. Bu özelliği normların tatbikinde vergi hukukuna dair kavram ve kurumların gözetilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Nitekim bu zorunluluk normların ceza ve ceza muhakemesi hukukunun genel ilkelerinden ayrılan bazı kurumları ihtiva etmeleri sonucunu doğurmuştur. Her ne kadar bu gerekçeyle kendine özgü bir yapıları olduğunun ifade edilmesine sebebiyet verse de mütalaa kurumu dışında ceza muhakemesinin ilke ve kuralları bu suçların soruşturma aşaması bakımından da geçerlidir. Bu kapsamda vergi kaçakçılığı suçlarının soruşturma aşaması, diğer tüm suçlarda olduğu gibi, Cumhuriyet savcısı tarafından ancak vergi ceza hukukunda öngörülen usullere de riayet edilerek yürütülmekte ve kamu davası açılmasının gerekliliğine dair değerlendirme yapılırken vergi hukukuna ilişkin kavramlar da gözetilerek sonuca varılmaktadır. Tezin amacı; vergi kaçakçılığı suçlarının soruşturma aşamasının işleyişinin incelemesi, istatistik veriler ile soruşturma aşamasında uygulama alanı bulan insan hakları ilkeleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi ve tespit edilen sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunulmasıdır. Bu kapsamda kavramsal çerçevenin tanıtılması sonrasında, literatür ve içtihadın taranması suretiyle soruşturma aşaması suç haberinin alınması, delillerin toplanması ve uygulanabilecek koruma tedbirleri ile sonuçlandırılması yönleriyle doktrin ve uygulamanın görüşleri ortaya konularak incelenmiş, bu inceleme ışığında edinilen bilgiler istatistik veriler ve insan hakları ilkeleri çerçevesinde yorumlanarak genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; bu suçlar yönünden Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunun öngördüğü adil, süratli ve etkin bir soruşturma aşaması için Cumhuriyet Başsavcılıkları nezdinde ihtisaslaşmanın gerekliliği vurgulanmış, vergi idaresiyle kurulan ilişkinin gözden geçirilmesi önerilmiş, soruşturmaya konu olayın tüm yönleriyle aydınlatılabilmesinin gerektirdiği yetkilerin sağlanması ve uzmanlıklarından daha verimli biçimde faydalanılabilmesi amacıyla vergi inceleme elemanlarının fonksiyonel olarak Cumhuriyet savcılarına bağlı olduğu bir soruşturma modeli tartışılmıştır.Tax evasion crimes are criminal norms that aim to protect the government's taxation authority. This feature makes it obligatory to observe the concepts and institutions of tax law in the application of tax evasion crimes. As a matter of fact, this necessity has resulted in the fact that they include some elements that differ from the general principles of criminal and criminal procedure law. Although the aforementioned issues cause it to be stated that they have a unique structure, the principles and rules of criminal procedure, except for the opinion institution, are also valid in terms of the investigation phase of these crimes. In this scope, the investigation phase of tax evasion crimes is carried out by the public prosecutor, as in all other crimes, but in compliance with the procedures stipulated in the tax criminal law, and while evaluating the necessity of prosecuting a public case, conclusions are reached by considering the concepts of tax law. The aim of the thesis is to examine the functioning of the investigation phase of tax evasion crimes, to evaluate it within the framework of statistical data and human rights principles that find application in the investigation phase and to offer solutions to the problems identified. In this context, after introducing the conceptual background, by reviewing the literature and jurisprudence, the investigation phase has been examined by revealing the views of the doctrine and practice in terms of receiving the news of the crime, collecting the evidence and concluding with the protection measures that can be applied, and a general evaluation has been made by interpreting the information obtained in the light of this examination within the framework of the two criteria mentioned. As a result, the necessity of specialization within the Chief Public Prosecutor's Offices for a fair, fast and effective investigation phase foreseen by the Code of Criminal Procedure in terms of these crimes has been emphasized, a review of the relationship established with the tax administration has been proposed, and an investigation model in which tax inspectors are functionally subordinate to public prosecutors has been discussed in order to provide the powers required to illuminate all aspects of the incident subject to investigation and to benefit from their expertise more efficiently
The exclusion experienced by adolescents plays a mediating role in the effect of their insecure attachments on their depressive experiences: A cross-sectional study among high school students in Turkey
No full textThis study examined the mediating role of ostracism in the relationship between adolescents' attachment styles and depression levels. The sample of this study consists of 621 adolescents (66.8% (n = 415) female and 33.2% (n = 206) male) living in one of the developed cities in Turkey. The results showed that ostracism partially mediates the relationship between secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent attachment styles and depression. Based on the results of the study, we confirmed that ostracism partially mediates the relationship between secure attachment and depression. Secure attachment predicted ostracism and depression negatively; we found that ostracism predicted depression positively. Secondly, we found that avoidant attachment predicted depression and ostracism positively, and ostracism played a mediating role in this relationship. Finally, we concluded that anxious-ambivalent attachment positively explains ostracism and depression and that ostracism plays a mediating role in this relationship
Localization of hydrogen peroxide in dormant buds of resistant and susceptible chestnut cultivars: Changes during gall developmental stages induced by the asian chestnut gall wasp (dryocosmus kuriphilus)
No full textAsian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu), native to China, is an invasive pest that causes significant economic losses in Castanea species. While some cultivars show full resistance by inhibiting insect development in buds, the underlying defense mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the accumulation and distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated in dormant buds of chestnut cultivars that are resistant and susceptible to D. kuriphilus by using the 3,3 '-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining method. Buds were examined under a stereomicroscope during key stages of pest development, including oviposition, transition from egg to larva, gall induction, and gall development. Baseline levels of H2O2 were detected in all buds; however, these levels varied among cultivars, with resistant cultivars exhibiting lower basal levels. The degree of H2O2 accumulation was found to vary depending on plant-insect interaction, physiological processes, and cultivar-specific traits. Histochemical staining revealed that brown spots indicative of H2O2 accumulation were concentrated in the vascular bundles of leaf primordia and in the apical regions. In resistant hybrid cultivars, the defense response was activated at an earlier stage, while in resistant Castanea sativa Mill. cultivars, the response was delayed but more robust. Although consistently high levels of H2O2 were observed throughout the pest interaction in susceptible cultivars, gall development was not inhibited. During the onset of physiological bud break, increased H2O2 accumulation was observed across all cultivars. This increase was associated with endodormancy in susceptible cultivars and with both defense mechanisms and endodormancy processes in resistant cultivars. These findings highlight the significant role of H2O2 in plant defense responses, while also supporting its function as a multifunctional signaling molecule involved in gall development and the regulation of physiological processes
Determining the potential impacts of climate change in Bursa province
No full textİklim, uzun zaman dilimlerinde atmosferde meydana gelen, değişimlerin bir sonucu olarak mevsimlerin oluştuğu ve sıcaklık, yağış vb. parametrelerin uzun dönemli ortalamalarıyla ifade edilen bir sistem olarak tanımlanabilir. İklimdeki değişiklikler sonucunda, yüksek sıcaklıkların neden olduğu kuraklık ve alışılmışın dışında gerçekleşen yağış rejimleri gibi olaylar gözlemlenmekte olup, bu duruma iklim değişikliği denilmektedir. Son yıllarda etkisi giderek daha fazla hissedilen iklim değişikliğine uyum sağlamak amacıyla çeşitli araştırmalar ve modelleme çalışmaları yürütülmektedir. Bu tez kapsamında gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, Bursa ili için HadGEM-AO modeli kullanılarak RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5, SSP2-4.5 ve SSP5-8.5 senaryoları çerçevesinde iklim değişikliği analiz edilmiştir. Bursa ilinde iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini değerlendiren bu çalışma, gelecekte alınması gereken önlemler konusunda yol gösterici olabilir ve daha etkili sonuçlar elde edilmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Bursa ilinde beklenen iklim değişikliği, tarım, su kaynakları ve yerel ekosistemler üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip olacak şekilde öngörülmektedir. Özellikle RCP 8.5 ve SSP5-8.5 senaryolarında, sıcaklık artışlarının ve yağışlardaki değişikliklerin daha belirgin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, yerel yönetimler ve politika yapıcılar için uyum stratejileri geliştirilmesi, altyapıların güçlendirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma planlarının revize edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda kamuoyunun bilinçlendirilmesi ve toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması için eğitim programları ve kampanyalar düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.Climate is defined as a system expressed by long-term averages of parameters such as temperature and precipitation, which form seasons as a result of changes in the atmosphere over long periods. As a result of these changes in the climate, events such as droughts caused by high temperatures and unusual precipitation regimes are observed, which are referred to as climate change. In recent years, the impact of climate change has been increasingly felt, and various research and modeling studies have been conducted to adapt to climate change. In this thesis, climate change in the province of Bursa has been analyzed using the HadGEM-AO model under the scenarios RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. This study, assessing the effects of climate change in Bursa, could guide future measures to be taken and contribute to more effective outcomes. The results of this study predict significant impacts of climate change on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems in Bursa. Especially, the RCP 8.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios show much more pronounced changes in temperature increases and precipitation patterns. Therefore, the development of adaptation strategies by local governments and policymakers is of great importance. Additionally, in light of these results, organizing educational programs and campaigns to raise public awareness and increase societal consciousness is recommended
Fully starlikeness and fully convexity of harmonic functions
No full textBu tez çalışmasında harmonik fonksiyonların tam yıldızıllık ve tam konvekslik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci ve ikinci bölümlerde, tezin amacı, kapsamı ve çalışmada kullanılan temel tanımlar ile teoremler detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde, konu ile ilgili seçilen iki makalenin sonuçları ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde, literatürde mevcut olan bir operatör modifiye edilerek özel katsayı sınırlarına sahip harmonik fonksiyonların bu operatör altında tam yıldızıllık ve tam konvekslik yarıçapları araştırılmıştır. Son olarak, sonuç bölümü ile tez tamamlanmıştır.This thesis investigates the fully starlikeness and fully convexity properties of harmonic functions. The study is organized into five chapters. The first and second chapters present the purpose and scope of the thesis, along with the fundamental definitions and theorems utilized in the study. In the third chapter, the results of two selected articles related to the topic are analyzed in detail. In the fourth chapter, an operator from existing literature is modified, and the radii of fully starlikeness and fully convexity of harmonic functions with specific coefficient bounds under this operator were investigated. Finally, the thesis completed with conclusion section